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ID PMID Title PublicationDate abstract
24965573 The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of baricitinib, an oral JAK 1/2 inhibit 2014 Dec Baricitinib (also known as LY3009104 or INCB028050), a novel and potent small molecule inhibitor of Janus kinase family of enzymes (JAKs) with selectivity for JAK1 and JAK2, is currently in clinical development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory disorders. Two double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled studies were conducted to evaluate single ascending doses of 1-20 mg and multiple ascending doses of 2-20 mg QD and 5 mg BID for 10 or 28 days in healthy volunteers. Following oral administration, baricitinib plasma concentration typically attains its peak value within 1.5 hours postdose and subsequently declines in a bi-exponential fashion. Baricitinib demonstrates dose-linear and time-invariant pharmacokinetics, with low oral-dose clearance (17 L/h) and minimal systemic accumulation observed following repeat dosing. The mean renal clearance of baricitinib was determined to be ∼2 L/h. The effect of a high-fat meal on baricitinib pharmacokinetics was insignificant. The pharmacodynamics of baricitinib, evaluated by the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation following cytokine stimulation in the whole blood ex vivo, was well correlated with baricitinib plasma concentrations. Baricitinib was generally safe and well tolerated, with no serious treatment-related adverse events (AEs) reported from either of the studies. An expected rapidly reversible, dose-related decline in absolute neutrophil count was seen with baricitinib.
23793110 IgG4-related disease and hypertrophic pachymeningitis. 2013 Jul Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is an inflammatory condition in which the dura mater of the cranium or spine becomes thickened, leading to symptoms that result from mass effect, nerve compression, or vascular compromise. The differential diagnosis of HP includes immune-mediated conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis, malignancies, and infections. Many times, no diagnosis is reached; in such cases, the disease has been described as idiopathic HP. IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently described inflammatory condition known to cause tumefactive lesions at myriad anatomical locations. Both IgG4-RD and idiopathic HP share similar demographics, histopathology, and natural history. We hypothesized that IgG4-RD is a common cause of idiopathic HP.To investigate this hypothesis, we identified all pathology specimens diagnosed as noninfectious HP during 25 years at our institution. Fourteen cases had stained slides and paraffin blocks to permit review of the original hematoxylin and eosin stained slides as well as immunostaining of cell blocks. Recently published consensus guidelines describing characteristic histopathology and the necessary quantity of IgG4+ plasma cell infiltrate were used to diagnose IgG4-RD.Four cases (66.6%) that had been regarded previously as representing idiopathic HP were diagnosed as IgG4-RD; of all the reviewed cases, IgG4-RD represented 29% of cases. Of the remaining cases, 3 cases were associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 2 with lymphoma, and 1 each with rheumatoid arthritis, giant cell arteritis, and sarcoidosis. Two of the cases could not be diagnosed more precisely and were classified as undifferentiated HP. Clinical history, serologic tests, cerebrospinal fluid studies, and radiology alone could not identify the cause of HP. Rather, biopsy with histopathology and immunostaining was necessary to reach an accurate diagnosis. Significant IgG4+ plasma cell infiltrates were observed in rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and lymphoma, underscoring the importance of histopathology in making the diagnosis of IgG4-RD.This case series demonstrates that IgG4-RD may be the most common etiology of noninfectious HP and highlights the necessity of biopsy for accurate diagnosis.
24844256 Targeting monocytes and macrophages by means of SPECT and PET. 2014 Sep Monocytes have been isolated from patient's blood and directly radiolabelled in vitro using a variety of radiopharmaceuticals such as 99mTc-HMPAO, 111In-oxine, 99mTc-colloids and 18F-FDG. Overall, the best labeling results were obtained using 99mTc-HMPAO. The wide availability of 99mTc and of the ligand HMPAO in kit-formulation makes it the most versatile procedure for imaging localized inflammation using in-vitro labeling. Injection of 99mTc-HMPAO labeled monocytes in adult patients has proven safe with an effective dose of 0.011 mSv/Mbq, equivalent to that of 99mTc-HMPAO labeled mixed white blood cells. Furthermore, in a proof of concept studies, in-vitro labeled monocytes were shown to specifically accumulate in the bowels of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease as well as in inflamed joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Inversely, the decrease in disease activity of inflamed joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated by Adalimumab could not be substantiated using 99mTc-HMPAO labelled monocytes suggesting this type of treatment does not reduce monocyte influx. In spite of their wide availability, in-vitro labeling procedures are cumbersome and time-consuming. Furthermore, cell activation may occur during the labeling process and it cannot be excluded that the radiopharmaceuticals used for labelling interfere with ongoing cellular processes. As such, various authors turned towards the development of radiopharmaceuticals for in-vivo labeling of both monocytes and more importantly macrophages, many of which were subsequently validated in animal models. Targets studied in this regard include amongst others the folate receptor, the mannose receptor, the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor as well as more general characteristics of macrophages such as phagocytosis. Various of these novel molecules appear promising and clinical studies using these radiopharmaceuticals are awaited in the near future. Some of these radiopharmaceuticals also reached the clinical stage, respectively the translocating protein targeting radiopharmaceutical 11C-PK11195 and the folate receptor targeting radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-EC20. Uptake of 11C-PK11195 in inflamed joints and sites of atherosclerosis in patients proved to be directly related to the number of peripheral benzodiazepine binding receptors available as well as to the severity of ongoing inflammation. Comparable results were obtained using 99mTc-EC20 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. In spite of these promising results, additional studies are warranted demonstrating that in vivo, quantitative visualization of monocyte trafficking and accumulation of M1 or M2 macrophage subtypes in sites of ongoing inflammation by means of SPECT and PET will contribute to a better understanding of human inflammatory diseases as well as to diagnosis, treatment planning and the development of targeted treatment strategies.
24613099 Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency: long-term follow-up of a patient new clinical featur 2015 Jan BACKGROUND: Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD, EC 4.1.1.9) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is widely diagnosed by neonatal screening. METHODS: We report long term follow up of a patient with MLYCD deficiency showing signs of neonatal hypoglycemia, mental retardation, developmental delay and rheumatoid arthritis. Brain MRI revealed patchy, symmetrical hyperintensity of the deep white matter with periventricular white matter and subcortical arcuate fibers being spared. MLCYD gene sequence analysis was done to identify possible mutations. Expression analyses at mRNA and protein levels were also performed. Further, immunocytochemical studies were implemented to check for its subcellular localization. RESULTS: MLYCD gene sequencing identified a novel compound heterozygous mutation (c.22 T>A, p.M1K, c.454 C>A; pH152N) in our patient and a heterozygous mutation in the healthy mother c.22 T>A; pM1K. Reduced expression of RNA and protein levels was observed. Immunocytochemical analysis showed diffused staining across the cytoplasm with apparent signs of intracellular mislocalization to the nucleus. RESULTS also indicated subcellular colocalization of MLCYD with mitochondria was scant compared to control. CONCLUSION: Our patient was identified with a novel compound heterozygous MLYCD mutation at the N-terminal helical domain. This study indicates that protein mislocalization is a characteristic feature of MLYCD deficiency in our patient.
25429206 Patient-reported adherence to coprescribed proton pump inhibitor gastroprotection in osteo 2014 BACKGROUND: Patients with osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are commonly treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), sometimes with a concomitant gastroprotective proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The present study examines real-life patient adherence to PPIs when coprescribed with NSAIDs. METHODS: This retrospective medical record survey identified patients diagnosed with OA, RA, or AS who had PPIs coprescribed with NSAIDs for prevention of NSAID-associated gastrointestinal ulcers. Actual NSAID and PPI intake was retrospectively recorded using a self-reported questionnaire. Adherence to PPI treatment was assessed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: In total, 96 patients (69% female, mean age 67 years, 72% OA, 16% RA, 12% AS) were included. The mean patient-reported adherence to coprescribed PPIs was 73%-81%. The percentage of patients with a self-reported adherence of ≤80% was 26%. No predictive factors for low adherence could be identified. CONCLUSION: Despite doctors' instructions to use PPIs concomitantly with NSAIDs, the mean patient-reported adherence to coprescribed PPIs in this population indicates a risk of a "gastroprotective treatment gap". The patients' adherence to gastroprotective PPIs for the prevention of NSAID-associated upper gastrointestinal ulcers can be improved.
25386575 Long Term Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Young Patients under 30. 2014 Sep BACKGROUND: We aimed to report outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in very young patients under the year of 30. METHODS: Thirty patients (45 hips) with various indications for THA were retrospectively reviewed radiologically and clinically and analyzed regarding survival, reasons of failure, factors associated with outcomes and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Within a mean follow-up time of 116 months the 10-year survival rate was 90.3%. All hips were revised due to aseptic loosening. No association was found among the tested parameters with increased revision rates. Three complications associated with the THA were recorded and managed conservatively. All patients had statistically significant improved clinical scores compared to the pre-operative period, despite the underlying disorder that compromised the condition in the majority of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed excellent long term outcomes of THA in patients younger than 30 years of age, comparable with those in older patients.
24588123 Adalimumab in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 2014 Mar 4 Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease that causes increased morbidity and mortality. The treatment of the disease has considerably advanced with the addition of biological agents targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Adalimumab (ADA) is one of the currently available five TNF inhibitors for clinical use in RA. It is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody which may be prescribed as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate or other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Areas covered: This review summarizes the recent available data on efficacy and safety of ADA in patients with early and established RA as well as improvement of quality of life and finally we provide data on biologic drug comparison. Expert opinion: ADA has been evaluated in various randomized placebo-controlled trials in RA, prospective observational studies as well as open-label extensions of the original double-blind trials providing experience and data about the long-term efficacy and safety of the drug. Effectiveness of the drug is sustained, while in most cases RA patients treated with ADA experienced a slower radiographic progression and consequently less disability and improved health-related quality of life outcomes. Clinical trials demonstrated no new safety signals and a safety profile consistent with that of the anti-TNF class.
24265902 The effects of gamma irradiation on diclofenac sodium, liposome and niosome ingredients fo 2013 Sep The use of gamma rays for the sterilization of pharmaceutical raw materials and dosage forms is an alternative method for sterilization. However, one of the major problems of the radiosterilization is the production of new radiolytic products during the irradiation process. Therefore, the principal problem in radiosterilization is to determine and to characterize these physical and chemical changes originating from high-energy radiation. Parenteral drug delivery systems were prepared and in vitro characterization, biodistribution and treatment studies were done in our previous studies. Drug delivery systems (liposomes, niosomes, lipogelosomes and niogelosomes) encapsulating diclofenac sodium (DFNa) were prepared for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This work complies information about the studies developed in order to find out if gamma radiation could be applied as a sterilization method to DFNa, and the raw materials as dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), surfactant I [polyglyceryl-3-cethyl ether (SUR I)], dicethyl phosphate (DCP) and cholesterol (CHOL) that are used to prepare those systems. The raw materials were irradiated with different radiation doses (5, 10, 25 and 50 kGy) and physicochemical changes (organoleptic properties pH, UV and melting point), microbiological evaluation [sterility assurance level (SAL), sterility and pyrogen test] and electron spin resonance (ESR) characteristics were studied at normal (25 °C, 60% relative humidity) and accelerated (40 °C, 75% relative humidity) stability test conditions.
24890762 A case of tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor- and rituximab-induced plantar pustular psor 2014 Dec Rituximab, a chimeric B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibody, is a well-established therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. It is emerging that classical psoriatic lesions and plantar pustular psoriasis (PPP) are cutaneous side-effects of this drug. Antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies have multiple documented side-effects including PPP and psoriasis. We report a patient who has rheumatoid arthritis, who failed on anti-TNF therapies and then was commenced on rituximab. Subsequently she developed localized PPP. Due to deterioration of her joint disease she was switched to the interleukin-6 blocker tocilizumab, and the PPP resolved.
23789107 The Rho-GEF Trio regulates a novel pro-inflammatory pathway through the transcription fact 2013 Jun 15 Inflammation is characterized by endothelium that highly expresses numerous adhesion molecules to trigger leukocyte extravasation. Central to this event is increased gene transcription. Small Rho-GTPases not only control the actin cytoskeleton, but are also implicated in gene regulation. However, in inflammation, it is not clear how this is regulated. Here, we show that the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor Trio expression is increased upon inflammatory stimuli in endothelium. Additionally, increased Trio expression was found in the vessel wall of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Trio silencing impaired VCAM-1 expression. Finally, we excluded that Trio-controlled VCAM-1 expression used the classical NFκB or MAP-kinase pathways, but rather acts on the transcriptional level by increasing phosphorylation and nuclear translocalization of Ets2. These data implicate Trio in regulating inflammation and provide novel targets for therapeutic purposes to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
23737767 Interactions among Low Dose of Methotrexate and Drugs Used in the Treatment of Rheumatoid 2013 Methotrexate (MTX) is a nonbiological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that has shown both a good control of clinical disease and a good safety. Usually drug-drug interactions (DDIs) represent the most limiting factor during the clinical management of any disease, in particular when several drugs are coadministered to treat the same disease. In this paper, we report the interactions among MTX and the other drugs commonly used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Using Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane libraries, and Reference lists, we searched for the articles published until June 30, 2012, and we reported the most common DDIs between MTX and antirheumatic drugs. In particular, clinically relevant DDIs have been described during the treatment with MTX and NSAIDs, for example, diclofenac, indomethacin, or COX-2 inhibitors, and between MTX and prednisone or immunosuppressant drugs (e.g., leflunomide and cyclosporine). Finally, an increase in the risk of infections has been recorded during the combination treatment with MTX plus antitumor necrosis factor- α agents. In conclusion, during the treatment with MTX, DDIs play an important role in both the development of ADRs and therapeutic failure.
23497011 How do autoimmune diseases cluster in families? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2013 Mar 18 BACKGROUND: A primary characteristic of complex genetic diseases is that affected individuals tend to cluster in families (that is, familial aggregation). Aggregation of the same autoimmune condition, also referred to as familial autoimmune disease, has been extensively evaluated. However, aggregation of diverse autoimmune diseases, also known as familial autoimmunity, has been overlooked. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed aimed at gathering evidence about this topic. METHODS: Familial autoimmunity was investigated in five major autoimmune diseases, namely, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune thyroid disease, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Articles were searched in Pubmed and Embase databases. RESULTS: Out of a total of 61 articles, 44 were selected for final analysis. Familial autoimmunity was found in all the autoimmune diseases investigated. Aggregation of autoimmune thyroid disease, followed by systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, was the most encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Familial autoimmunity is a frequently seen condition. Further study of familial autoimmunity will help to decipher the common mechanisms of autoimmunity.
24005183 Epigenome-wide profiling identifies significant differences in DNA methylation between mat 2013 Nov Multiple reports now describe changes to the DNA methylome in rheumatoid arthritis and in many cases have analyzed methylation in mixed cell populations from whole blood. However, these approaches may preclude the identification of cell type-specific methylation, which may subsequently bias identification of disease-specific changes. To address this possibility, we conducted genome-wide DNA methylation profiling using HumanMethylation450 BeadChips to identify differences within matched pairs of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of 10 healthy females. Array data were processed and differential methylation identified using NIMBL software. Validation of array data was performed by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Genome-wide DNA methylation was initially determined by analysis of LINE-1 sequences and was higher in B-lymphocytes than matched T-lymphocytes (69.8% vs. 65.2%, P ≤ 0.01). Pairwise analysis identified 679 CpGs, representing 250 genes, which were differentially methylated between T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes. The majority of sites (76.6%) were hypermethylated in B-lymphocytes. Pyrosequencing of selected candidates confirmed the array data in all cases. Hierarchical clustering revealed perfect segregation of samples into two distinct clusters based on cell type. Differentially methylated genes showed enrichment for biological functions/pathways associated with leukocytes and T-lymphocytes. Our work for the first time shows that T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes possess intrinsic differences in DNA methylation within a restricted set of functionally related genes. These data provide a foundation for investigating DNA methylation in diseases in which these cell types play important and distinct roles.
24791002 Therapeutic effects of PADRE-BAFF autovaccine on rat adjuvant arthritis. 2014 B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a cytokine of tumor necrosis factor family mainly produced by monocytes and dendritic cells. BAFF can regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of B lymphocytes by binding with BAFF-R on B cell membrane. Accumulating evidences showed that BAFF played crucial roles and was overexpressed in various autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This suggests that BAFF may be a therapeutic target for these diseases. In the present study, we developed a BAFF therapeutic vaccine by coupling a T helper cell epitope AKFVAAWTLKAA (PADRE) to the N terminus of BAFF extracellular domains (PADRE-BAFF) and expressed this fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The purified vaccine can induce high titer of neutralizing BAFF antibodies and ameliorate the syndrome of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Our data indicated that the BAFF autovaccine may be a useful candidate for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases associated with high level of BAFF.
23796750 Malvidin-3-O-β glucoside, major grape anthocyanin, inhibits human macrophage-derived infl 2013 Nov 15 Polyphenolic anthocyanins are major colorful compounds in red fruits, known to prevent cardiovascular and other diseases. Grape polyphenols are a mixture of various molecules and their exact contribution to above bioactivities remains to be clarified. In the present study, we first analyzed the effect of purified grape-derived compounds on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) survival, proliferation, as well as for their ability to inhibit the activation of human normal macrophages. Data indicated that malvidin-3-O-β glucoside (Malβg), the major grape anthocyanin, is bioactive with no toxicity on human PBMC. Malβg decreased the transcription of genes encoding inflammatory mediators, confirmed by the inhibition of TNFα, IL1, IL-6 and iNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) secretion from activated macrophages. As Malβg also inhibited inflammatory response of rat macrophages, we investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of Malβg in chronic rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). Malβg significantly diminished inflammatory cachexia and arthritic paw scores in AIA rats at both therapeutic and preventive levels. In vivo effects of Malβg correlated with down-regulation of NO generation from AIA rats' peritoneal macrophages ex vivo. These data indicate that Malβg, major grape anthocyanin, is a potent anti-inflammatory agent in vitro and in vivo, without detectable toxic effect.
25427669 The surgical management of atlanto-axial subluxation in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 2016 Jul Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic condition affecting patients <16 years of age and can be associated with substantial morbidity. Atlanto-axial subluxation (AAS) is a known complication of JIA and can result in pain, reduced neck motion and neurological compromise. In this paper, we present the case of a 10-year old suffering with JIA and significant AAS; we discuss the management options and present the approach and outcome of treatment for this case.
23063938 Systemic metabolism of tryptophan and its catabolites, kynurenine and 3-HAA, in mice with 2013 Jan 1 Tryptophan is an essential amino acid. The liver is primary organ involved the oxidative catabolism of tryptophan. However, in the immune system, tryptophan and its catabolites, kynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), play an anti-inflammatory role. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) is an animal model of RA. Therefore, it was of interest to measure concentration of tryptophan, kynurenine and 3-HAA in mice with CIA. Concentration of tryptophan and 3-HAA was measured with HPLC methods. Concentration of kynurenine was measured with colorimetric test. mRNA expression for the kynurenine pathway genes was assessed using qRT-PCR. It has been found that in sera from diseased mice concentration of tryptophan was not changed. Concentration of kynurenine and 3-HAA was decreased. Moreover, in the livers from mice with CIA, concentration of tryptophan and kynurenine was decreased. These observations coincided with decreased mRNA expression for Ido2 and Afm and increased mRNA expression for Kynureninase in the liver. It has been also shown that in CIA the concentration of 3-HAA was increased in the kidneys.
23957171 [The anti-inflammatory effect of fullerene C60 on adjuvant arthritis in rats]. 2013 The anti-inflammatory properties of non-modified fullerene C60 (FC60) by adjuvant arthritis in Wistar rats have been studied. It was shown that the intraperitoneal introduction of FC60 (50 ng) reveals an anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective actions in the phase of systemic manifestation of adjuvant arthritis. The effect was carried out by limitation of inflammation of damaged limb, normalization of body weight, the decrease in body temperature. Introduction of FC60 promote the reduction of leukocyte level, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, concentrations of sialic acids and the ceruloplasmin levels, processes degeneration of cartilaginous tissues of the joint of rats. It has been concluded that the therapeutic effectiveness of non-modified FC60 in experimental adjuvant arthritis is comparable with the action of water-soluble forms of fullerenes. The results substantiate the future investigations of non-modified FC60 for design of therapeutic agents for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in clinics.
25506119 Residual salivary secretion ability may be a useful marker for differential diagnosis in a 2014 BACKGROUND: We have elucidated decreased resting salivary flow in approximately 60% of patients with autoimmune diseases not complicated by Sjögren syndrome (SjS). In this study, salivary stimulation tests using capsaicin were performed to examine residual salivary secretion ability in patients with autoimmune diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight patients were divided into three groups: patients with primary or secondary SjS (SjS group), patients with systemic sclerosis not complicated by SjS (SSc group), and patients with other autoimmune diseases (non-SjS/non-SSc group). Simple filter paper and filter paper containing capsaicin were used to evaluate salivary flow rates. RESULTS: Resting salivary flow rates were significantly lower in the SjS and SSc groups than in the non-SjS/non-SSc group but did not differ significantly between the SjS and SSc groups. Capsaicin-stimulated salivary flow rates were significantly lower in the SjS and SSc groups than in the non-SjS/non-SSc group, but not significantly different between the SjS and SSc groups. In the non-SjS/non-SSc group, salivary flow rates increased after capsaicin stimulation to the threshold level for determination of salivary gland dysfunction, whereas no improvement was observed in the SjS and SSc groups. CONCLUSION: Residual salivary secretion ability may be a useful marker for differential diagnosis in autoimmune diseases.
25467751 Air particulate matter exacerbates lung response on Sjögren's Syndrome animals. 2015 Feb Epidemiological studies have associated air particulate matter (PM) inhalation with a decline in lung function and increased morbo-mortality due to cardiorespiratory diseases, particularly in susceptible populations. Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by cellular infiltration in exocrine glands and extraglandular tissue, being the respiratory tract an important target. We evaluated the effect of PM on the airways of NOD mice, which develop SS and BALB/c mice. BALB/c or NOD mice (2-3 months) were randomized in two groups and exposed to intranasal instillation either with saline (control) or ROFA solution (1mg/kg body weight). After 24h, mice were euthanized in order to perform lung histology, or measure total cell number (TCN), differential cell count (DCC) and superoxide anion generation in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. BALB/c mice showed normal histoarchitecture, while NOD mice showed lymphocytic peribronchial infiltrates. ROFA exposure affected the respiratory tract from both BALB/c and NOD mice, with a significant increase in the TCN (p<0.05) and generation of O2(-) (p<0.05), as well as an imbalance in the DCC (p<0.05). All histological observations correlated with the cellular parameters evaluated. Lesions in NOD mice were more severe than those of BALB/c, showing cellular infiltration in the alveoli and leading to a greater decrease in the alveolar space. We have proved that in this experimental Sjögren's Syndrome animal model (NOD mice); airborne pollution exacerbates pre-existing pulmonary lesions. These findings show experimental evidence on the harmful effects of airborne pollution on the airways of patients with Sjögren's Syndrome.