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ID PMID Title PublicationDate abstract
26359822 Intravascular/Intralymphatic Histiocytosis: A Report of 3 Cases. 2015 Oct Intravascular/intralymphatic histiocytosis (IV/ILH) is a rare, reactive cutaneous condition, with uncertain pathogenesis. It may be associated with various inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Although the clinical presentation is various, the biopsies reveal dilated vessels, mostly lymphatics, containing aggregates of histiocytes within their lumina. We described 3 cases of IV/ILH with different clinical presentations. In the first case, the patient presented with lymphedema in the genital region without any underlying disease. However, the second and third cases had reticular erythematous skin lesions. The second case had common variable immunodeficiency disease, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and a history of a lymphoproliferative lesion. The third case had metal prostheses at both his right and left knees. In all these 3 cases, histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings were similar to each other and to those cases reported in the literature. In addition, the third case was admixed with reactive angioendotheliomatosis. In the second case, the endothelium of the ectatic vessels expressed CD31 and CD34, but not D2-40/podoplanin, pointing out that these vessels were blood vessels rather than lymphatics, differing from the other 2 cases. In conclusion, we believe, the most convincing statement about IV/ILH is that it is not a distinct clinicopathologic entity, but a histopathologic feature found as a part of a constellation of inflammatory changes or many other conditions.
26330015 Defining glycoprotein cancer biomarkers by MS in conjunction with glycoprotein enrichment. 2015 Protein glycosylation is an important and common post-translational modification. More than 50% of human proteins are believed to be glycosylated to modulate the functionality of proteins. Aberrant glycosylation has been correlated to several diseases, such as inflammatory skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's and prion diseases, and cancer. Many approved cancer biomarkers are glycoproteins which are not highly abundant proteins. Therefore, effective qualitative and quantitative assessment of glycoproteins entails enrichment methods. This chapter summarizes glycoprotein enrichment methods, including lectin affinity, immunoaffinity, hydrazide chemistry, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, and click chemistry. The use of these enrichment approaches in assessing the qualitative and quantitative changes of glycoproteins in different types of cancers are presented and discussed. This chapter highlights the importance of glycoprotein enrichment techniques for the identification and characterization of new reliable cancer biomarkers.
26273291 The Inhibitory Effect of Alisol A 24-Acetate from Alisma canaliculatum on Osteoclastogenes 2015 Osteoporosis is a disease that decreases bone mass. The number of patients with osteoporosis has been increasing, including an increase in patients with bone fractures, which lead to higher medical costs. Osteoporosis treatment is all-important in preventing bone loss. One strategy for osteoporosis treatment is to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing multinucleated cells, and overactive osteoclasts and/or their increased number are observed in bone disorders including osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Bioactivity-guided fractionations led to the isolation of alisol A 24-acetate from the dried tuber of Alisma canaliculatum. Alisol A 24-acetate inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation by downregulating NFATc1, which plays an essential role in osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, it inhibited the expression of DC-STAMP and cathepsin K, which are related to cell-cell fusion of osteoclasts and bone resorption, respectively. Therefore, alisol A 24-acetate could be developed as a new structural scaffold for inhibitors of osteoclast differentiation in order to develop new drugs against osteoporosis.
26036315 Recent advances in polymyalgia rheumatica. 2015 Nov Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause characterised by the subacute onset of shoulder and pelvic girdle pain, and early morning stiffness in men and women over the age of 50 years. Due to the lack of a gold standard investigation, diagnosis is based on a clinical construct and laboratory evidence of inflammation. Heterogeneity in the clinical presentation and disease course of PMR has long been recognised. Aside from the evolution of alternative diagnoses, such as late-onset rheumatoid arthritis, concomitant giant cell arteritis is also recognised in 16-21% of cases. In 2012, revised classification criteria were released by the European League Against Rheumatism and American College of Rheumatology in order to identify a more homogeneous population upon which future studies could be based. In this article, we aim to provide an updated perspective on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of PMR, with particular focus on imaging modalities, such as ultrasound and whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography, which have advanced our current understanding of this disease. Future treatment directions, based on recognition of the key cytokines involved in PMR, will also be explored.
26025436 Risk of ischemic stroke in patients with systemic sclerosis: A systematic review and meta- 2016 BACKGROUND: Several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and idiopathic inflammatory myositis, have been shown to increase risk of ischemic stroke but the data on systemic sclerosis (SSc) remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that reported odds ratio, relative risk, hazard ratio, or standardized incidence ratio comparing risk of ischemic stroke in patients with SSc versus non-SSc participants. Pooled risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. RESULTS: Four retrospective cohort studies were identified and included in our data analysis. We found a statistically significant elevated ischemic stroke risk in patients with SSc with a pooled risk ratio of 1.68 (95% CI, 1.26-2.24). The statistical heterogeneity was moderate with an I(2) of 69%. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a statistically significant increased ischemic stroke risk among patients with SSc.
26015504 Cytokines: The Good, the Bad, and the Deadly. 2015 Jul Over the past 30 years, the world of pharmaceutical toxicology has seen an explosion in the area of cytokines. An overview of the many aspects of cytokine safety evaluation currently in progress and evolving strategies for evaluating these important entities was presented at this symposium. Cytokines play a broad role to help the immune system respond to diseases, and drugs which modulate their effect have led to some amazing therapies. Cytokines may be "good" when stimulating the immune system to fight a foreign pathogen or attack tumors. Other "good" cytokine effects include reduction of an immune response, for example interferon β reduction of neuron inflammation in patients with multiple sclerosis. They may be "bad" when their expression causes inflammatory diseases, such as the role of tumor necrosis factor α in rheumatoid arthritis or asthma and Crohn's disease. Therapeutic modulation of cytokine expression can help the "good" cytokines to generate or quench the immune system and block the "bad" cytokines to prevent damaging inflammatory events. However, care must be exercised, as some antibody therapeutics can cause "ugly" cytokine release which can be deadly. Well-designed toxicology studies should incorporate careful assessment of cytokine modulation that will allow effective therapies to treat unmet needs. This symposium discussed lessons learned in cytokine toxicology using case studies and suggested future directions.
25964886 The role of Th1 and Th17 cells in glomerulonephritis. 2015 Apr CONTEXT: T helper (Th) cells as an important part of the immune is responsible for elimination of invading pathogens. But, if Th cell responses are not regulated effectively, the autoimmune diseases might develop. The Th17 subset usually produces interleukin-17A which in experimental models of organ-specific autoimmune inflammation is very important. EVIDENCE ACQUISITIONS: Directory of open access journals (DOAJ), Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science have been searched. RESULTS: Fifty-six articles were found and searched. In the present review article, we tried to summarize the recently published data about characteristics and role of Th1 and Th17 cells and discuss in detail, the potential role of these T helpers immune responses in renal inflammation and renal injury, focusing on glomerulonephritis. Published papers in animal and human studies indicated that autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, classically believed to be Th1-mediated, are mainly derived from a Th17 immune response. Identification of the Th17 subgroup has explained seemingly paradoxical observations and improved our understanding of immune-mediated inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS: Secretion of IL-17A, as well as IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, suggests that Th17 subset may play a crucial role as a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory Th subset. There is experimental evidence to support the notion that Th1 and Th17 cells contribute to kidney injury in renal inflammatory diseases like glomerulonephritis.
25797422 Smoking-related interstitial lung disease. 2015 Jan 23 BACKGROUND: Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases (SR-ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases with major clinical significance. Reliable epidemiological data are not yet available. METHOD: Review of pertinent literature retrieved by a selective search in PubMed. RESULTS: The available data on many aspects of SR-ILDs are sparse, but recent studies on the pathophysiology and targeted treatment of these conditions have revealed ways in which clinical outcomes can be improved. Highresolution computerized tomography should be used for differential diagnosis; lung biopsy is often unnecessary. Oncogenic mutations play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (PLCH). In the future, cladribine and vemurafenib may be treatment options for PLCH. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) may be difficult to distinguish from respiratorybronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD); DIP is treated with steroids and sometimes with immune suppressants. In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the antifibrotic drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib can delay disease progression. Smoking is also a risk factor for combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), rheumatoid-arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP), and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in Goodpasture syndrome. CONCLUSION: In smokers with exertional dyspnea and/or a nonproductive cough, SR-ILDs must be considered in the differential diagnosis. If an SR-ILD is suspected, the patient should be referred to a pulmonary specialist. Early treatment and smoking cessation can improve clinical outcomes, particularly in the acute and chronically progressive types of SR-ILD.
25746133 Application of a FLAP-consensus docking mixed strategy for the identification of new fatty 2015 Mar 23 Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is the principal responsible for the termination of anandamide signaling, a major actor of the endocannabinoid system. The indirect stimulation of endocannabinoid responses achieved through FAAH inhibition can represent a valid pharmacological strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases, as well as rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal inflammatory states, anxiety, and other pathologies. With the aim of identifying new noncovalent FAAH inhibitors and also experimentally validating the reliability of the recently reported consensus docking approach, we filtered a commercial database of about 1 million compounds by using a mixed FLAP (fingerprints for ligands and proteins) consensus docking approach. Enzymatic assays showed FAAH inhibitory activity and selectivity versus MAGL for 8 out of the 10 top ranked compounds, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range for the two most active compounds. These results demonstrate the reliability of the virtual screening strategy and constitute an experimental validation of the consensus docking approach. Moreover, the two most active compounds described could represent promising leads for the development of high potent noncovalent FAAH inhibitors.
25715965 Bronchiectasis. 2015 Feb 25 INTRODUCTION: Bronchiectasis is usually a complication of previous lower respiratory infection and/or inflammation. It causes chronic cough, copious production of sputum (often purulent), and recurrent infections, and may cause airway obstruction bearing some similarities with that seen in COPD. It may complicate respiratory conditions such as asthma or COPD. It can be associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia, primary immunodeficiencies, certain systemic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis, and foreign body inhalation. Bronchiectasis can be due to cystic fibrosis but this is excluded from this review. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments in people with non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. RESULTS: We found 23 studies that met our inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: airway clearance techniques, corticosteroids (inhaled), exercise or physical training, hyperosmolar agents (inhaled), mucolytics, prolonged-use antibiotics, and surgery.
27259213 [Viral transfer of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in gene 2015 Dec 31 Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces carcinoma cell death through the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Preclinical trials of gene therapy have been conducted using viral transfer of the TRAIL transgene into prostate, bladder, breast, kidney, liver, non-small cell lung cancer and also glioblastoma cells. Experiments in vitro demonstrated the extensive apoptosis of target cells as well as frequent disease regression or remission. TRAIL transfer did not show any side effects, opposite to chemotherapy. Encouraging results of TRAIL-related gene therapy were observed in rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. Adenoviral vectors (AdV) encoding TRAIL are the most promising tool in anti-tumor therapy. They have undergone numerous modifications by increasing transfection efficiency and transgene expression in target cells. However, only one clinical phase I trial has been performed. AdV encoding the TRAIL transgene caused local inflammation and apoptosis in patients with prostate cancer.
25430952 Autoimmune valvular carditis. 2015 Jan Autoimmune carditis is associated with many human rheumatic conditions, including rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. The immune mechanisms that mediate the cardiovascular pathology connected to these diseases are poorly defined. Several animal models are used to recapitulate human pathophysiology in order to better characterize the immunopathogenic mechanisms driving autoimmune endocardial inflammation. These animal models point toward common mechanisms mediating autoimmune endocarditis; in particular, CD4+ T cells and pro-inflammatory macrophages play critical roles in directing the disease process. The goals of this review are to discuss the prevailing animal models of autoimmune endocarditis and their underlying immunologic mechanisms and to provide insight regarding potential therapeutic targets in humans.
28103461 [Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review]. 2016 Oct 31 INTRODUCTION: Currently there is a growing interest in studying systemic conditions with impact on the periodontium. The aim of this article is to determinate if there is a relation between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Founded on periodontology based on evidence and in the combination of the keywords: 'Hashimoto disease'; 'Hypothyroidism'; 'Periodontal disease'; 'Systemic Diseases'; a search and evaluation of articles was conducted in Medline, Scopus and Thomson Reuters databases, selecting 30 articles for integral analysis. RESULTS: There have been developed several studies, searching for a better comprehension about the complexity and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, associated them to multiple systemic conditions. Actually, the relationship that is best described in the literature is the one with rheumatoid arthritis; however, other relations have been pointed, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. DISCUSSION: The identification of multiple etiopathogenic mechanisms common to Hashimoto's thyroiditis and periodontal disease allow to suspect of a relation between them. Some of these mechanisms include the proliferation of lymphocytes T helper 1 and T helper 17 and their impact on the periodontium, the dysfunction of vascular endothelium in gingival microcirculation and the influence of hypothyroidism on bone metabolism, namely on the alveolar bone. CONCLUSION: There is biological plausibility to support the establishment of an association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and periodontal disease. However, there are not enough studies to support the existence of a causal nexus between these two pathologies, so, in the future, more studies should be conducted to determinate there relation and interaction.
27855775 Use of closed suction drain after primary total knee arthroplasty - an overrated practice. 2016 PURPOSE: The age-old practice of closed suction drain following orthopedic procedures has been challenged since past few decades. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of closed suction drain after total knee arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty patients (135 knees) with primary Total Knee Arthroplasty were divided into a study group (no drain) and a control group (drain used). Inclusion criteria were grade 3 and grade 4 osteoarthritis of the knee. Revision cases and rheumatoid arthritis were excluded. Parameters assessed were pain, pre and post-op Hb, dressing change, early infection, ecchymosis and duration of stay. Results were calculated using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and Oxford Knee scoring systems at two weeks, six months and one year. RESULTS: Mean age was 72.03 ± 6.68 in study group and 71.38 ± 7.02 in control group. Pre and post op Hb was 12.1678 ± 1.3220 (study group), 12.1803 ± 1.2717 (control group) and 9.8373 ± 1.5703 (study group), 9.7918 ± 1.4163 (control group). There was one case of early infection in both groups which was controlled by oral antibiotics. Change of dressing and ecchymosis were more in the study group. Duration of hospital stay was more in the control group p < 0.0006 (statistically significant). CONCLUSION: There is no added advantage of closed suction drain over no drain usage and this practice can safely be brought to a halt.
27833448 A possible link between the Epstein-Barr virus infection and autoimmune thyroid disorders. 2016 The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, is a member of the Herpesviridae virus family. EBV infection can cause infectious mononucleosis (IM) in the lytic phase of EBV's life cycle. Past EBV infection is associated with lymphomas, and may also result in certain allergic and autoimmune diseases. Although potential mechanisms of autoimmune diseases have not been clearly elucidated, both genetic and environmental factors, such as infectious agents, are considered to be responsible for their development. In addition, EBV modifies the host immune response. The worldwide prevalence of autoimmune diseases shows how common this pathogen is. Normally, the virus stays in the body and remains dormant throughout life. However, this is not always the case, and a serious EBV-related illness may develop later in life. This explains the chronic course of autoimmune diseases that is often accompanied by exacerbations of symptoms. Based on the present studies, EBV infection can cause autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren's syndrome, and autoimmune hepatitis. The EBV has also been reported in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Although EBV is not the only agent responsible for the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases, it can be considered a contributory factor.
27711748 Solution equilibria and the X-ray structure of Cu(ii) complexation with 3-amino-N-(pyridin 2016 Nov 14 Copper complexes have anti-inflammatory activity in the treatment of inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The preferred route of administration is through the skin, so the rate of dermal absorption and bioavailability of copper is important. Based on previous studies, 3-amino-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-propanamide, [H(56)NH(2)], was designed as a potential chelator of copper. The stability constant measurements revealed that MLH(-1) is the most stable species at the physiological pH of 7.4. The X-ray crystal structure of this species was solved and copper was found in a rectangular pyramidal geometry. The ligand occupied three coordination sites while bridging chloride linked copper ions together in a chain. The ligand bound to the metal ion through the pyridyl nitrogen, the amide nitrogen and the terminal amino group. Spectroscopic studies confirmed that this structure persisted in aqueous solution. Octanol/water partition coefficients and Franz cell permeation studies showed that [H(56)NH(2)] is able to promote the dermal absorption of Cu(ii).
27771479 Surgical Management for Destructive Atlantoaxial Spondyloarthropathy in Long-Term Hemodial 2017 Jan BACKGROUND: Atlantoaxial spondyloarthropathy most often results from rheumatoid arthritis, cancer metastasis, or basilar invagination. Dialysis-related spondyloarthropathy is a rare cause of spinal deformity and cervical myelopathy at the atlantoaxial joint. We report 2 patients on long-term hemodialysis who presented with atlantoaxial spondyloarthropathy. CASE DESCRIPTION: Two patients with end-stage renal failure presented with a history of progressively worsening neck pain, motion limitation, and gait disturbance. In both patients, radiologic findings showed a bone-destroying soft tissue mass lateral to C1 and C2, compressing the spinal cord and causing atlantoaxial instability. We performed a C1 laminectomy and C12 transarticular screw fixation and biopsied the osteolytic mass. The neck pain, hand numbness, and gait disturbance improved. CONCLUSIONS: Although the surgical management of these patients involves many challenges, appropriate decompression and fusion surgery is an effective treatment option.
27726799 Polyomaviruses. 2016 Aug Over the last 10 years, the number of identified polyomaviruses has grown to more than 35 subtypes, including 13 in humans. The polyomaviruses have similar genetic makeup, including genes that encode viral capsid proteins VP1, 2, and 3 and large and small T region proteins. The T proteins play a role in viral replication and have been implicated in viral chromosomal integration and possible dysregulation of growth factor genes. In humans, the Merkel cell polyomavirus has been shown to be highly associated with integration and the development of Merkel cell cancers. The first two human polyomaviruses discovered, BKPyV and JCPyV, are the causative agents for transplant-related kidney disease, BK commonly and JC rarely. JC has also been strongly associated with the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare but serious infection in untreated HIV-1-infected individuals and in other immunosuppressed patients including those treated with monoclonal antibody therapies for autoimmune diseases systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis. The trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSAPyV) may be the causative agent of the rare skin disease trichodysplasia spinulosa. The remaining nine polyomaviruses have not been strongly associated with clinical disease to date. Antiviral therapies for these infections are under development. Antibodies specific for each of the 13 human polyomaviruses have been identified in a high percentage of normal individuals, indicating a high rate of exposure to each of the polyomaviruses in the human population. PCR methods are now available for detection of these viruses in a variety of clinical samples.
27313182 Trigger digit release: rates of surgery and complications as indicated by a United States 2016 Nov A United States insurance database was examined for trigger digit release using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision diagnoses and procedures or Current Procedural Terminology codes. Complications after trigger digit release, including stiffness, infection and revision surgery, were assessed. A total of 209,634 patients who underwent trigger digit release were included. The rate of trigger digit release increased significantly from 2005 to 2012, with the middle finger the most frequently released. The rate of postoperative stiffness was low, ranging from 0.8% to 1.6% depending on the operated digit. The rate of postoperative infection was lower, ranging from 0.5% to 0.6%. The need for revision within 3 years of initial trigger digit release was also low, ranging from 0.3% to 0.8%. Complications, including infection, stiffness and revision surgery, occur infrequently, but certain factors, including diabetes, Dupuytren's disease, smoking, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity and age, increase risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III, Retrospective comparative study.
29900947 Reliability and Factorial Validity of the Turkish Version of the Pain Disability Index in 2016 Sep OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the reliability, factor structure, and validity of the Turkish version of the Pain Disability Index (PDI) in patients with chronic pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The PDI Index was translated into Turkish according to the standard procedures and performed on 212 rheumatic patients with chronic pain (34 males, 178 females; mean age 47.9±10.3 years; range 19 to 65 years), with most common diagnoses including rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative spondyloarthropathies, and familial Mediterranean fever. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used for validation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was determined as the internal reliability of the PDI. Correlations between each item and item-total score were also calculated. RESULTS: The Turkish form of the PDI revealed a two-factor model. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was found as 0.86. All items were correlated significantly with the total score, with values ranging from 0.73 to 0.81. An analysis of the confirmatory factor revealed that the model fit was adequate. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of PDI had adequate psychometric properties in rheumatic patients with chronic pain. Thus, it may be useful in clinical practice to assist in better understanding of diseases characterized by chronic pain, providing objective measures for functional deficits, and monitoring treatment or rehabilitation effects.