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ID PMID Title PublicationDate abstract
28539682 The human body as an energetic hybrid? New perspectives for chronic disease treatment? 2017 Inflammatory response is accompanied by changes in cellular energy metabolism. Proinflammatory mediators like plasma C-reactive protein, IL-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, TNF-α or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 released in the site of inflammation activates immune cells and increase energy consumption. Increased demand for energy creates local hypoxia and lead in consequence to mitochondrial dysfunction. Metabolism of cells is switched to anaerobic glycolysis. Mitochondria continuously generate free radicals that what result in imbalance that causes oxidative stress, which results in oxidative damage. Chronic energy imbalance promotes oxidative stress, aging, and neurodegeneration and is associated with numerous disorders like Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease. It is also believed that oxidative stress and the formation of free radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid diseases including especially rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacological control of energy metabolism disturbances may be valuable therapeutic strategy of treatment of this disorders. In recent review we sum up knowledge related to energy disturbances and discuss phenomena such as zombies or hibernation which may indicate the potential targets for regulation of energy metabolism.
29403244 Occipitocervical fusion - An epidemiological drift experienced in an Irish tertiary spinal 2017 Oct BACKGROUND: Occipitocervical disease is common in the elderly population, and is on the rise due to an increasingly aging population. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent occipitocervical fusion in our institution over a 20 year period (1996-2016) at a tertiary spinal referral centre. Patients were divided in 2 groups. Group A included all patient who underwent OCF in the first decade between 1996 and 2005. Group B was all patients who underwent OCF in the second decade between 2006 and 2016. RESULTS: A total of 23 patients underwent occipitocervical fusion between 1996 until 2016 at our institution. Instability secondary to Rheumatoid arthritis was the leading factor in group A, responsible for 43 percent of cases. In group B, trauma was the leading burden accounting for 44 percent of the cases. In contrast to Group A however, only 19 % of OCFs occurred secondary to RA in group B. Our fusion rate was 96 percent with a survival rate of 67 percent. CONCLUSION: We noticed a clear epidemiological drift in the cervical spine pathologies requiring OCF during the first and second decade of study period with an increase in prevalence of pathological fractures secondary to metastatic disease. In addition, a drop in rheumatoid cervical disease requiring OCF has been noted.
29456573 Pharmacological Effect of Caulophyllum robustum on Collagen-Induced Arthritis and Regulati 2017 Caulophyllum robustum Maxim (C. robustum) has commonly been used as traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatic pain and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. This paper first investigated the anti-inflammation effect of C. robustum extraction (CRME) on RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gene expression levels of inflammatory factors. Moreover, we first evaluated the anti-RA effects of CRME using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice, and the incidence, clinical score, and joint histopathology were evaluated. The levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 inflammatory factors in sera of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of NF-κB p65 in the joint was tested by immune histochemical technique. The results showed that, compared with the model group, CRME significantly improved symptoms of the arthritis index, limb swelling, and histological findings by decreasing synovial membrane damage, the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration, and the expansion of capillaries in CIA mice. The results also showed that CRME can reduce the levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 and inhibit the expression of NF-κB p65. All these results indicated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of CRME as a novel botanical extraction for the treatment of RA.
28040397 Should Preoperative Antibiotics Be Tailored According to Patient's Comorbidities and Susce 2017 Apr BACKGROUND: Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis remains one of the most important strategies for preventing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Current guidelines recommend giving universal antibiotic prophylaxis to all total joint arthroplasty patients regardless of their medical conditions or immune status; however, no studies have evaluated the individualizing of antibiotics. The aims of this study were (1) to determine if comorbidities influence the organism profile of PJIs, and (2) to investigate if the efficacy of two different perioperative antibiotics (cefazolin or vancomycin) for preventing PJI is affected by patient's comorbidities. METHODS: Using an institutional database of 1022 PJIs, the influence of different patient's comorbidities on the organism profile was evaluated. To investigate the influence of perioperative antibiotics (cefazolin or vancomycin monotherapy) on PJI rate, 8575 primary total joint arthroplasties were identified, crossmatched for PJI, and analyzed based on the comorbidities of the cohort. The PJI rate of each antibiotic within each comorbidity was compared. RESULTS: Although no comorbidities were associated with an increased rate of Gram-positive infections or Gram-negative infections, metastatic disease (odds ratio [OR] 5.71, P = .018), congestive heart failure (OR 2.2, P = .010), chronic pulmonary disease (OR 1.76, P = .015), and diabetes mellitus (OR 1.66, P = .019) were associated with antibiotic resistant organisms. However, there was no difference in the PJI rate between cefazolin and vancomycin monotherapy when stratifying for diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, liver disease, and hypothyroidism. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study support the current recommendations of a universal antibiotic prophylaxis protocol rather than an antibiotic regimen individualized to a patient's comorbidities.
29056937 CD14(+) Cells with the Phenotype of Infiltrated Monocytes Consist of Distinct Populations 2017 It has been suggested that inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production in monocytic cells is responsible for the acute inflammatory response in gouty arthritis. However, phenotypical and functional analyses of monocytes during gouty arthritis have yet to be conducted. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of monocytes/macrophages in the synovial fluid cells of patients with acute gout. The number and frequency of monocytes/macrophages in the synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) of patients was examined. The expression of markers for monocyte recruitment and tissue-resident macrophages, the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and phagocytosis were analyzed in the monocytes/macrophages of patients with acute gout attacks. The number and frequency of CD14(+)CD3(-)CD19(-)CD56(-) monocytes/macrophages was markedly increased in the SFMCs of patients with gout compared to those of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CD14(+) cells showed the phenotypes of infiltrated monocytes rather than tissue-resident macrophages, characterized by a high expression of CCR2, MRP8, and MRP14, but a low expression of MERTK and 25F9. These cells had the capacity to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides. In addition, anti-inflammatory features, including CD163 expression and IL-10 production from CD14(+) cells, were significantly higher in patients with gout than in those with RA. CD14(+) cells with phenotype of M2 macrophages had high phagocytic activity for monosodium urate crystals. Thus, our results indicate that monocytes/macrophages from patients with gout have the phenotype of infiltrated monocytes, and these cells consist of different populations characterized by anti-inflammatory activities as well as pro-inflammatory functions.
26957111 A prospective comparison of telemedicine versus in-person delivery of an interprofessional 2017 Feb Introduction We evaluated two modes of delivery of an inflammatory arthritis education program ("Prescription for Education" (RxEd)) in improving arthritis self-efficacy and other secondary outcomes. Methods We used a non-randomized, pre-post design to compare videoconferencing (R, remote using telemedicine) versus local (I, in-person) delivery of the program. Data were collected at baseline (T(1)), immediately following RxEd (T(2)), and at six months (T(3)). Self-report questionnaires served as the data collection tool. Measures included demographics, disorder-related, Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (SE), previous knowledge (Arthritis Community Research and Evaluation Unit (ACREU) rheumatoid arthritis knowledge questionnaire), coping efficacy, Illness Intrusiveness, and Effective Consumer Scale. Analysis included: baseline comparisons and longitudinal trends (R vs I groups); direct between-group comparisons; and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) analysis. Results A total of 123 persons attended the program (I: n = 36; R: n = 87) and 111 completed the baseline questionnaire (T(1)), with follow-up completed by 95% ( n = 117) at T(2) and 62% ( n = 76) at T(3). No significant baseline differences were found across patient characteristics and outcome measures. Both groups (R and I) showed immediate effect (improved arthritis SE, mean change (95% confidence interval (CI)): R 1.07 (0.67, 1.48); I 1.48 (0.74, 2.23)) after the program that diminished over six months (mean change (95% CI): R 0.45 (-0.1, 0.1); I 0.73 (-0.25, 1.7)). For each of the secondary outcomes, both groups showed similar trends for improvement (mean change scores (95% CI)) over time. GEE analysis did not show any meaningful differences between groups (R vs I) over time. Discussion Improvements in arthritis self-efficacy and secondary outcomes displayed similar trends for I and R participant groups.
28771604 Role of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) in inflammatory bone loss. 2017 TNF-α plays a key role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bone loss. Unfortunately, treatment of RA with anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids (GCs) also causes bone loss resulting in osteoporosis. Our previous studies showed that overexpression of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), a mediator of GC's anti-inflammatory effect, can enhance osteogenic differentiation in vitro and bone acquisition in vivo. To investigate whether GILZ could antagonize TNF-α-induced arthritic inflammation and protect bone in mice, we generated a TNF-α-GILZ double transgenic mouse line (TNF-GILZ Tg) by crossbreeding a TNF-α Tg mouse, which ubiquitously expresses human TNF-α, with a GILZ Tg mouse, which expresses mouse GILZ under the control of a 3.6kb rat type I collagen promoter fragment. Results showed that overexpression of GILZ in bone marrow mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells protected mice from TNF-α-induced inflammatory bone loss and improved bone integrity (TNF-GILZ double Tg vs. TNF-αTg, n = 12-15). However, mesenchymal cell lineage restricted GILZ expression had limited effects on TNF-α-induced arthritic inflammation as indicated by clinical scores and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
29662760 Macrophages and bone inflammation. 2017 Jul Bone metabolism is tightly regulated by the immune system. Accelerated bone destruction is observed in many bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, fracture, and particle-induced osteolysis. These pathological conditions are associated with inflammatory responses, suggesting the contribution of inflammation to bone destruction. Macrophages are heterogeneous immune cells and are polarized into the proinflammatory M1 and antiinflammatory M2 phenotypes in different microenvironments. The cytokines produced by macrophages depend on the macrophage activation and polarization. Macrophages and macrophage-derived cytokines are important to bone loss in inflammatory bone disease. Recent studies have shown that macrophages can be detected in bone tissue and interact with bone cells. The interplay between macrophages and bone cells is critical to bone formation and repair. In this article, we focus on the role of macrophages in inflammatory bone diseases, as well as discuss the latest studies about macrophages and bone formation, which will provide new insights into the therapeutic strategy for bone disease.
29472819 Butyrophilins: an important new element of resistance. 2017 Butyrophilins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily are new immune system regulators because they are present on lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils, and they exert a stimulatory and (or) inhibitory effect on them. The role of butyrophilins is associated and results from their similarity to the regulatory B7 protein family involved in the modulation of immune phenomena. Butyrophilins are glycoproteins built of two extracellular immunoglobulin domains, stabilized with disulfide bonds: constant IgC, and variable IgV and a transmembrane region. Most of these proteins contain a conserved domain encoded by a single exon - B30.2, also referred to as PRYSPRY. In humans, the family of butyrophilins includes 7 butyrophilin proteins, 5 butyrophilin-like proteins and the SKINT-like factor. Butyrophilins have been also demonstrated to play a role in various infections, e.g. tuberculosis or diseases that include sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, genetic metabolic diseases, ulcerative colitis, cancer and kidney disease.
28706336 Palmoplantar exfoliation due to chloroquine. 2017 Mar Chloroquine is the drug very frequently used for the treatment of malaria. It is also used in amebiasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and various dermatological conditions. Chloroquine can cause muscle problems, loss of appetite, and diarrhea as a side effect. Cutaneous toxicity includes pruritus, hair loss, photosensitivity, and color changes. Exfoliation of skin over palms and soles is caused by chemotherapeutic drugs such as axitinib, fluorouracil, idarubicin, doxorubicin, sunitinib, sorafenib, and paclitaxel. Here, a case of a 40-year-old female is presented who developed palmoplantar exfoliation with depigmentation after taking chloroquine. Although not life-threatening, this side effect of a commonly used drug may cause anxiety and functional impairment which in turn affects the quality of life of an individual.
28293010 [Thymic Hyperplasia with Carcinoembryonic Antigen Elevation;Report of a Case]. 2017 Mar A 64-year-old man was found to have serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) elevation while undergoing an examination for recurrent gastroenteritis. His past medical history included gastroenteritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes. Blood testing revealed an increased CEA level of 153.00 ng/ml( normal ≤ 5.00 ng/ml). Chest computed tomography scan revealed an abnormal soft tissue shadow measuring 5.7 × 1.2 × 7 cm in the anterior mediastinum. The soft tissue shadow in the anterior mediastinum was the only abnormality found by whole-body examination. The possibility of a malignant tumor could not be ruled out, and the surgery was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed thymic hyperplasia, and immunohistochemical staining detected CEA-positive cells. Serum CEA level normalized at three months after surgery and also 2 years postoperatively.
28214456 Total Wrist Arthroplasty. 2017 Jan Total wrist arthroplasty (TWA), first performed in the late 19th Century, is still an infrequently used operation. It is most commonly indicated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have pan-carpal wrist involvement. It is an alternative to total wrist arthrodesis in patients who wish to preserve joint motion. Patients must lead a low-demand lifestyle and have failed non-operative measures. Complications are not insignificant and have been reported to be as high as 43%. Modern generation implants most often fail due to dislocation or loosening. Because wrist arthrodesis remains the gold standard treatment, particularly in patients with higher physical demands, it remains to be seen whether TWA will gain greater acceptance as prosthetic designs evolve.
29706737 A Rare Case of Triceps Brachii Injury after Electrocution. 2018 Apr Injuries of the triceps brachii muscle are a rare entity and mostly concern its distal tendon. These represent the least common of all muscle and tendons injuries. The most common reported causes are repeated strong physical efforts, a fall on an outstretched forearm when a sudden deceleration is put on contract triceps, or a direct trauma. High-dosed and prolonged corticosteroid therapies, repeated local steroid injections, chronic renal failure, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperparathyroidism, and osteogenesis imperfecta are reported as systemic causes. Even rarer are lesions of muscle fibers and avulsions or rupture at its musculotendinous junction, and these can be caused by direct trauma or by forced elbow flexion during triceps contraction. To the best of our knowledge, there is no article in the literature describing this type of injury that occurred after electrocution. In this article, we report an uncommon case of intramuscular tear associated with insertional distal tendon injury occurred in a man survived to high-voltage electric discharge.
28738373 Neuroprogression in Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders: The Possible Role of Inflammati 2017 Schizophrenia is a disorder that shows a progressive course in 30-50% of the people concerned. The biology of chronification and progression is unclear. Genetic aspects may play a role, but details are unresolved. The fact that immune-mediated and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis have a very similar course as schizophrenia has focused the interest on the immunopathogenesis of schizophrenia. A clear immune marker for neuroprogression in schizophrenia or psychosis could not be identified up to now, but a proinflammatory immune state (increased markers of cellular immunity) is regularly found in schizophrenia, e.g., increased levels of cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, the tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism is regulated via pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and is closely related to the glutamatergic neurotransmission. Certain molecules of this metabolism, such as quinolinic acid or 3OH-kynurenine, have neurotoxic effects and seem to play a role in chronification. Studies with immune/anti-inflammatory-based therapeutic approaches show that acuity or chronicity of the inflammation influence the outcome of therapeutic interventions.
28740962 The effect of corticosteroid treatment on bilateral idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. 2017 Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is the commonly encountered form of granulomatous mastitis that may result into repetitive infections and/or abscess formation. Mastitis may develop secondary to a systemic disorder such as tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, or rheumatoid arthritis, or it may develop as an idiopathic disorder. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is the most frequent form of all granulomatous diseases affecting the breast. This disorder frequently presents as painful and fast-growing mass in the breast. Biopsy is required to confirm diagnosis. Surgical excision and immunosuppressive treatment with corticosteroids are employed for therapeutic management. Here we present 3 female cases of bilateral IGM who were followed up and treated successfully with 1 mg/kg/day prednisolone.
32258583 Statins as anti-inflammatory agents: A potential therapeutic role in sight-threatening non 2017 Mar In addition to the known lipid-lowering effects, statins are now widely accepted to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Adjunctive use of statins has proven beneficial in the context of a wide range of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Evidence also suggests that statins may also have utility in the management of uveitis, a form of sight threatening inflammation which occurs in the eye. In this article, we outline our rationale behind a clinical trial of simvastatin as a steroid-sparing agent in uveitis, to which patient recruitment started last year. Potential risks associated with the clinical use of statins, including putative effects on the eyes, are discussed.
29050447 Uncaria tomentosa. 2017 Dec Uncaria tomentosa (U. tomentosa) or uña de gato, a species of vine of Rubiaceae family, was used from centuries in various medical conditions. Although there are no randomized controlled trials or published human outcome studies, some conditions reportedly improved by U. tomentosa include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, prostatitis, viral illnesses and cancer (acting as a non-specific immunomodulantign agent) and it may also have potential as an immunomodulating adaptogen in cellular aging. The understanding of some specific mechanisms of molecular action leads to the demonstration of various anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating and protective effects. These results bring the strong hypothesis that U. tomentosa could be effective in the topical treatment of dermatological manifestation, namely rosacea.
28794555 Itolizumab in Psoriasis. 2017 Jul A number of biologics is being used for the treatment of psoriasis. Itolizumab is one such agent which has been approved in India. It is an anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody that acts by binding to scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) distal domain 1 of CD6. Itolizumab has been found to be safe, with infusion reactions as the most common adverse effect. However, its advantages and disadvantages over other biologicals and immunosuppressants need to be established. Also, its utility in treating other immune-mediated disorders is being explored.
28725630 Curcumin: An age-old anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic agent. 2017 Jul Curcumin is a natural anti-inflammatory agent that has been used for treating medical conditions for many years. Several experimental and pharmacologic trials have demonstrated its efficacy in the role as an anti-inflammatory agent. Curcumin has been shown to be effective in treating chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer's and common malignancies like colon, stomach, lung, breast, and skin cancers. As treatments in medicine become more and more complex, the answer may be something simpler. This is a review article written with the objective to systematically analyze the wealth of information regarding the medical use of curcumin, the "curry spice", and to understand the existent gaps which have prevented its widespread application in the medical community.
28576190 First Metatarsal-Phalangeal Joint Arthrodesis: Primary, Revision, and Salvage of Complicat 2017 Jul Arthrodesis of the first metatarsal-phalangeal joint has been proposed for treatment of severe hallux valgus, end-stage hallux rigidus, rheumatoid arthritis, and revision of failed surgery due to the perceived safety and efficacy. This article discusses the principles of first metatarsal-phalangeal joint arthrodesis in primary and revision situations, joint preparation, configurations of osteosynthesis, and common complications, including salvage of nonunion and revision of malunion with realignment osteotomy.