Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31451123 | Anatomical, Phytochemical, and Histochemical Study of Juniperus rigida Needles at Differen | 2019 Oct | Needles of Juniperus rigida are used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of brucellosis, dropsy, skin disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. This is the first study that reports anatomical structures of the J. rigida needles collected at different altitudes. The most common anatomical, phytochemical, and histochemical techniques and methods are used. The results show that anatomical structures and chemical composition change significantly at different altitudes. The main anatomical characters are significant xeromorphic structures (thick epidermis, hypodermis, and cuticle), a stomatal band, a developed vascular bundle, and a marginal resin duct. The xeromorphic structures become more pronounced with increasing altitude. The phytochemical and histochemical results demonstrate that the content of the main chemical compounds (phenols and terpenoids) basically increases at a higher elevation. Histochemical analysis localizes the phenols in epidermal cells, sponge tissue, endothelial layer cells, and stomatal bands, and the terpenoids in palisade tissue, sponge tissue, and the edge of the resin duct. This work reveals the relation between anatomy and chemistry in J. rigida needles, contributes to the quality control of its ethno-medicine, and provides the evidence to develop the commercial cultivation. | |
| 28933290 | Nutraceuticals and "Repurposed" Drugs of Phytochemical Origin in Prevention and Intercepti | 2019 | BACKGROUND: Chronic, degenerative diseases are often characterized by inflammation and aberrant angiogenesis. For these pathologies, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, cancer, diabetes, and obesity, current therapies have limited efficacy. OBJECTIVES: The validation of novel (chemo)preventive and interceptive approaches, and the use of new or repurposed agents, alone or in combination with registered drugs, are urgently required. RESULTS: Phytochemicals (triterpenoids, flavonoids, retinoids) and their derivatives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin) as well as biguanides (metformin and phenformin) originally developed from phytochemical backbones, are multi-target agents showing antiangiogenic and anti-anti-inflammatory proprieties. Many of them target AMPK and metabolic pathways such as the mTOR axis. We summarize the beneficial effects of several compounds in conferring protection and supporting therapy, and as a paradigm, we present data on terpenoids & biquanides on beer hop xanthohumol and hydroxytryrosol from olive mill waste waters. CONCLUSIONS: These molecules could be employed for combinatorial chemoprevention and interception approaches or chemoprevention/therapy regimens for cancer and other chronic complex diseases. | |
| 31616403 | Metabolic Insight of Neutrophils in Health and Disease. | 2019 | Neutrophils are the most abundant, short lived, and terminally differentiated leukocytes with distinct tiers of arsenals to counter pathogens. Neutrophils were traditionally considered transcriptionally inactive cells, but recent researches in the field led to a paradigm shift in neutrophil biology and revealed subpopulation heterogeneity, and functions pivotal to immunity and inflammation. Furthermore, recent unfolding of metabolic plasticity in neutrophils has challenged the long-standing concept of their sole dependence on glycolytic pathway. Metabolic adaptations and distinct regulations have been identified which are critical for neutrophil differentiation and functions. The metabolic reprogramming of neutrophils by inflammatory mediators or during pathologies such as sepsis, diabetes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, glycogen storage diseases (GSDs), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer are now being explored. In this review, we discuss recent developments in understanding of the metabolic regulation, that may provide clues for better management and newer therapeutic opportunities for neutrophil centric immuno-deficiencies and inflammatory disorders. | |
| 31392300 | Rituximab in kidney disease and transplant. | 2019 Jun | Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to CD20 antigen of B-cells. It depletes the level of mature B-cells by various mechanisms such as mediation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and B-cell apoptosis. Rituximab is a USFDA approved drug for clinical use in non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma (NHL), rheumatoid arthritis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), granulomatosis with polyangiitis and pemphigus vulgaris. It is also known for its "off label" use in renal disease and renal transplant worldwide. However, the exact mechanisms by which it exerts its effect in the aforementioned condition remain unclear but may be related to its long-term effects on plasma cell development and the impact on B-cell modulation of T cell responses. This review discusses the current use of rituximab in renal disease and renal transplantation, and its potential role in novel therapeutic protocols. | |
| 31316590 | Total Elbow Arthroplasty Survey 2015: Current Service Provision and Future Improvements (E | 2019 Aug | BACKGROUND: The number of total elbow replacement (TER) procedures conducted is relatively low compared to other joint arthroplasties. We have established a survey about current service provision and possible future improvements in the UK. METHODS: A British Elbow and Shoulder Society (BESS) approved online survey was circulated to its surgical members. RESULTS: In total, 153 members of BESS responded. Almost 31% of respondents performed two to five TER in 2014; 28% performed none and 22.7% performed five to ten. Two-thirds of respondents did not perform any revision surgery. The main indication for TER was rheumatoid arthritis (33%), followed by acute trauma (28.5%). In addition, 67% of surgeons have an available 'network' for advice, either locally or regionally. Most primary procedures (93%) were carried out within the local units. However, 34% of complex primary or revision procedures were referred to another centre. Furthermore, 52% of respondents agree that, to be proficient in TER, a minimum number of procedures per annum should be performed: 62% stated that five procedures per annum should be considered as the minimum required. Suggestions for improvement included a hub and spoke model (48%) and a dedicated TER surgeon within the unit (45%). CONCLUSIONS: The survey highlights the interest in exploring options for improving TER provision in the UK. | |
| 31106201 | When Place Matters: Shuttling of Enolase-1 Across Cellular Compartments. | 2019 | Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme, which catalyzes the inter-conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Altered expression of this enzyme is frequently observed in cancer and accounts for the Warburg effect, an adaptive response of tumor cells to hypoxia. In addition to its catalytic function, ENO-1 exhibits other activities, which strongly depend on its cellular and extracellular localization. For example, the association of ENO-1 with mitochondria membrane was found to be important for the stability of the mitochondrial membrane, and ENO-1 sequestration on the cell surface was crucial for plasmin-mediated pericellular proteolysis. The latter activity of ENO-1 enables many pathogens but also immune and cancer cells to invade the tissue, leading further to infection, inflammation or metastasis formation. The ability of ENO-1 to conduct so many diverse processes is reflected by its contribution to a high number of pathologies, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular hypertrophy, fungal and bacterial infections, cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatic fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis. These unexpected non-catalytic functions of ENO-1 and their contributions to diseases are the subjects of this review. | |
| 30654587 | Role of Semaphorins in Immunopathologies and Rheumatic Diseases. | 2019 Jan 16 | Rheumatic diseases are disorders characterized by joint inflammation, in which other organs are also affected. There are more than two hundred rheumatic diseases, the most studied so far are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis. The semaphorin family is a large group of proteins initially described as axon guidance molecules involved in nervous system development. Studies have demonstrated that semaphorins play a role in other processes such as the regulation of immunity, angiogenesis, bone remodeling, apoptosis, and cell migration and invasion. Moreover, semaphorins have been related to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, asthma, Alzheimer, myocarditis, atherosclerosis, fibrotic diseases, osteopetrosis, and cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding the role of semaphorins in rheumatic diseases, and discuss their potential applications as therapeutic targets to treat these disorders. | |
| 30389122 | Postirradiation Morphea in Patients With Breast Cancer: Possible Association With Other Au | 2019 Mar | Postirradiation morphea is an uncommon entity that has been mostly described in women with breast cancer. The increasing use of radiotherapy to treat breast cancer and the clinical similarities between morphea and other conditions, such as radiodermatitis, postirradiation fibrosis, and tumor recurrence, highlights the need for dermatologists to be familiar with this entity. We present a series of 6 women with a mean age of 64.2 years and a mean latency of 9.5 years between radiotherapy for breast cancer and onset of morphea. Four of the patients had a history of autoimmune disease: rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, vitiligo, and Crohn disease. No specific risk factors for postirradiation morphea have been identified to date, although it would appear that a history of autoimmune disease could be associated with an increased risk of morphea in patients treated with radiation therapy. | |
| 30343462 | Dosage effects of human ribosomal genes (rDNA) in health and disease. | 2019 Mar | Human ribosomal RNA genes encoding a pre-transcript of the three major ribosomal RNA (18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNA) are tandemly repeated in human genome. Their total copy number varies from 250 to 670 per diploid genome with a mean of approximately 420 copies, but only a fraction of them is transcriptionally active. The functional consequences of human ribosomal RNA gene dosage are not widely known and often assumed to be negligible. Here, we review the facts of rRNA gene dosage effects on normal growth and aging, stress resistance of healthy individuals, and survivability of patients with chromosomal abnormalities, as well as on the risk and severity of some multifactorial diseases with proven genetic predisposition. An original hypothesis that rRNA gene dosage can be a modulating factor involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis is put forward. | |
| 31866868 | Application and Mechanisms of Triptolide in the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases-A Revie | 2019 | Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects have been emerging as important sources of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, is a pharmacologically active compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) that is used as a remedy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. As the most promising bioactive compound obtained from TwHF, triptolide has attracted considerable interest recently, especially for its potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. Over the past few years, an increasing number of studies have been published emphasizing the value of triptolide in the treatment of diverse inflammatory disorders. Here, we systematically review the mechanism of action and the therapeutic properties of triptolide in various inflammatory diseases according to different systematic organs, including lupus nephritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis with pubmed and Embase. Based on this review, potential research strategies might contribute to the clinical application of triptolide in the future. | |
| 31543535 | The Spectrum of Underlying Causes of Iatrogenic Kaposi's Sarcoma in a Large Series: A Retr | 2019 Sep | BACKGROUND: The frequency of clinicoepidemiological variants of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) differs markedly throughout the world. The iatrogenic variant is mainly associated with the use of immunosuppressive therapy. AIMS: We aimed to investigate the distribution of KS variants in our practice and elucidate the underlying causes of iatrogenic KS. METHODS: Consecutive KS patients seen in a single tertiary center were grouped according to the tumor variants and iatrogenic KS patients were evaluated about associated conditions. RESULTS: Among 137 patients, classic variant was the most frequent presentation (n = 88), followed by iatrogenic (n = 37) variant. Among the iatrogenic group, ten were transplant recipients. In 16 iatrogenic KS patients, systemic corticosteroid was used, in four for myasthenia gravis (MG) and in three for rheumatoid arthritis. In three patients, KS developed under topical corticosteroid (TC) treatment. Among iatrogenic KS patients, ten of them had a second primary neoplasm and one had congenital immunodeficiency syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed one of the highest rates for iatrogenic KS (27%) reported in the literature. Besides well-known causes, relatively frequent association with MG was remarkable. Usage of different forms of TCs was the cause of KS in a few cases. | |
| 31286290 | Correction to: Risk of adverse outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis hospitalized | 2019 May | The authors of the published version of this article incorrectly presented the affiliation of Li-Chin Sung. The revised affiliation is now presented correctly in this article. | |
| 31164995 | Th1 Biased Progressive Autoimmunity in Aged Aire-Deficient Mice Accelerated Thymic Epithel | 2019 Jun | Although autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, are frequently associated with premature aging of the thymus, a direct link is missing between autoimmunity and thymic atrophy. Here we monitored the progression of thymic involution in Aire-deficient mice, in which defective negative selection causes spontaneous and progressive development of autoimmunity. In young and middle-aged mice, Aire deficiency appeared to be protective as supported by the reduced β-gal(+) epithelial cells and the enhanced thymic output. However, once the autoimmune phenotype was fully developed in aged Aire-deficient mice, their thymuses underwent accelerated involution. In comparison to the age-matched wildtype littermates, old Aire-deficient mice showed lower numbers of total thymocytes and recent thymic emigrants but more β-gal(+) thymic epithelial cells. This phenomenon may partly be attributable to the increased number of activated Th1 cells homing to the thymus. This speculation was further supported by the enhanced thymic aging following repeated challenges with complete Freund's adjuvant immunization. Taken together, the present study highlights a unique mechanism by which autoimmunity facilitates the senescence of thymic epithelial cells through returning Th1 cells. | |
| 31157631 | Neutrophils and type 1 diabetes: current knowledge and suggested future directions. | 2019 Aug | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Purpose of this review is to describe the most recent human studies on neutrophils in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to focus on the key questions that still need to be addressed. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent evidences demonstrate that neutrophils have marked abnormalities in phenotype and function and play a central role in initiation and perpetuation of aberrant immune responses and organ damage in various systemic autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. In T1D, we have recently demonstrated that reduced circulating neutrophil numbers precede and accompany the disease and that neutrophils infiltrate the pancreas and extrude neutrophil extracellular traps already before the onset of clinical symptoms. However, few other evidences of alterations in neutrophil phenotype and function have been reported in humans, especially in the T1D presymptomatic phases. SUMMARY: Dissecting the pathogenic role of these cells in human T1D is crucial for a better understanding of the disease and to open new therapeutic opportunities. | |
| 32104464 | Double-layered osmotic pump controlled release tablets of actarit: In vitro and in vivo ev | 2019 May | The aim of the study was to develop actarit double-layered osmotic pump tablets to overcome the weak points of actarit common tablets, such as short half-life and large plasma concentration fluctuations. Single factor experiment and orthogonal test were applied to optimize the formulation; the pharmacokinetic study was performed in beagle dogs adopting actarit common tablets as reference tablets. The optimal formulation was as follows: drug layer: 150 mg actarit, 240 mg PEO-N80, 50 mg NaCl; push layer: 140 mg PEO-WSR303, 20 mg NaCl; coating solution: 30 g cellulose acetate and 6 g PEG 4000 in 1000 ml 94% acetone solution, 60 mg coating weight gain. The pharmacokinetic study showed that T (max) was prolonged by the contrast of commercial common tablets with constant drug release rate, but the bioavailability was equivalent. And a good in vivo-in vitro correlation of the actarit osmotic pump tablets was also established. The designed actarit osmotic pump tablets can be applied for rheumatoid arthritis, proposing a promising replacement for the marked common products. | |
| 31766832 | Cellular and Molecular Links between Autoimmunity and Lipid Metabolism. | 2019 Nov 30 | The incidence of atherosclerosis is higher among patients with several autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is well documented that innate immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells sense lipid species such as saturated fatty acids and oxidized low-density lipoprotein and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. However, whether a hyperlipidemic environment also impacts autoimmune T cell responses has been unclear. Among CD4+ T cells, Th17 and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are known to play pathogenic roles in the development of hyperlipidemiaassociated autoimmune diseases. This review gives an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which dysregulated lipid metabolism impacts the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, with specific emphasis on Th17 and Tfh cells. | |
| 31493927 | The sex ratio at birth (2). | 2020 Feb | This second of two Best Practise Guidelines will continue to explore facets pertaining to factors that influence the sex ratio at birth (M/F). The papers include a quantitative study in the United States, investigating the effects of Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and Valentine's Day on M/F (which rises). A second paper is devoted to the factor that most influences M/F worldwide: male offspring preference. The third paper focusses on radiation which appears to be the only toxin/stressor that increases M/F by culling female in excess of male foetuses. The paper investigates the effects of the Mainz research nuclear reactor in Germany. Yet another paper reviews seasonality of M/F. Two more theoretical papers discuss the significance of low M/F of offspring and of siblings of probands with systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, implicating a common role for testosterone. In yet another paper, high levels of maternal first-trimester intrauterine testosterone are also implicated in male sex, autism, gender dysphoria and non-right-handedness. Finally, a paper reviews the effects of toxoplasmosis on M/F since may be one of the most important environmental factors on this ratio. It is hoped that this second set of papers will further provide stimulation and provocation for research on this intriguing topic. | |
| 31137058 | Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Connective Tissue Disease. | 2019 Apr | Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in most forms of connective tissue disease (CTD); the prevalent type of PH depends on the particular CTD. Thus, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is dominantly associated with scleroderma, while postcapillary PH is most common in rheumatoid arthritis and lung disease-associated PH is typically found in myositis and sarcoidosis.Considerable expertise is required to identify, diagnose, and manage CTD-PH, as the primary physicians providing the majority of care for this population, rheumatologists, need a good working knowledge of CTD-PH, its rather subtle presentation, and how to access the necessary investigations to screen for and identify patients with PH. The role of the rheumatologist does not stop at diagnosis; in some conditions such as lupus, optimizing immunosuppression is key to the management of PH, and unlike simple idiopathic PAH, the natural history of CTD-PH is often punctuated by complications of the CTD rather than just events due to progression of PH or therapy-related adverse events.The aim of this article is to provide an overview of all forms of CTD-PH, and to provide an easy reference source on current best practice. | |
| 31019554 | Switching from infliximab to biosimilar in inflammatory bowel disease: overview of the lit | 2019 | BACKGROUND: Biological therapy has revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). After the expiration of patents for biological innovator products, development of biosimilars increased. CT-P13 was the first biosimilar approved for the same indications as the reference product; however, the approval was based on extrapolated data from rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Our aim was to review clinical studies about switching from originator infliximab (IFX-O) to biosimilar infliximab (IXF-B) in IBD, focusing on recently published data and the future of biosimilars. METHODS: The PubMed database was searched for original articles published up to 1 December 2018 reporting data on IFX-B in IBD. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies assessing switching from IFX-O to IFX-B, 14 assessing induction therapy with IFX-B were found. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity were discussed. Studies confirm that CT-P13 is safe and equally efficient as the reference product for both induction and maintenance therapy; and that switching from the reference product to biosimilar is non-inferior to continuous biosimilar use. However, efficacy and safety data on Flixabi (SB2) in IBD patients is lacking. CONCLUSION: Switching from the originator to a biosimilar in patients with IBD is acceptable, although scientific and clinical evidence is lacking regarding reverse switching, multiple switching and cross-switching among biosimilars in IBD patients. | |
| 30688235 | "Carpal tunnel syndrome:" A bibliometric study of 35 years of research. | 2019 Jan | Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a disease caused by compression of the median nerve passing through the wrist. Patients suffer from severe pain and paresthesis in the median nerve. Compression of the median nerve occurs, with prolonged working on keyboards (computer or laptop or music players) being one of the reasons along with others such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis. CTS research holds great promise for the patients as well as doctors for better medical treatment. The study has been carried out with an objective to analyze research progress based on the literature published on CTS during the last 35 years. The retrospective study has been carried out from the data indexed in SCOPUS multidisciplinary database from 1983 to 2017 (35 years). The study involves analysis of publication trends in terms of total articles, productive countries, institutions, journals, productive authors, most cited articles along with impact in terms of citation and h-Index. The SCOPUS database yielded 13187 articles during the study period. These articles were analyzed further for interpreting results. In the last 35 years, the number of scientific publications on CTS has been increasing with an annual growth rate of 9.86% per year. USA has been the most productive country. Literature pertaining to females is more than clinical studies involving males. |