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ID PMID Title PublicationDate abstract
31971014 Review of total hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 30 years: mid- to long-term resu 2021 Jul BACKGROUND: Data on the outcome of THA in patients under the age of 30 years is sparse. There is a perceived reluctance to offer surgery to young patients on the basis of potential early failure of the implant. The aim of this study was to review clinical and radiological outcomes of THA in patients under the age of 30 years in a high-volume specialist arthroplasty unit. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients between 1989 and 2009 was undertaken. 95 patients (118 THAs) were identified but 17 patients were excluded for lack of clinical records or for follow-up under 5 years. Clinical records were reviewed for demographics, underlying pathology, details of operation and failures. Radiographs were reviewed for evidence of loosening and wear of the components. Functional assessment was carried out using the modified Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Oxford Hip Score and EQ-5D-5L. RESULTS: Mean age was 25 (16-30) years and 65% patients were females. The most common underlying pathologies were development dysplasia of the hip (29%) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (25%). Mean follow-up was 12.6 (5-24) years, during which 19 patients (25%) were revised. The majority of the revisions were for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons are cautious when considering THA in very young patients despite the significant documented improvement in function and quality of life after THA. This study reports on the mid- to long-term results of THA which will be valuable when advising young patients on the prospects of revision surgery at the time of primary THA.
31916225 Bispecific Antibodies for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Clinical Progress to Date. 2020 Apr In autoimmune diseases, a highly complex network comprising diverse cytokines and their receptors on immune cells drives the inflammatory response. A number of therapeutic antibodies targeting these disease-related molecules have been approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), with binding specificity for two different target molecules, have recently been developed for a range of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis, and tested in clinical trials. This review briefly describes the three main categories of bsAb structures developed for autoimmune diseases, including immunoglobulin G (IgG)-like, natural IgG, and tandem antibody fragment formats. The bsAbs developed and evaluated to date mainly target the depletion of T or B cells, the inhibition of T cell differentiation or activation, or the neutralization of proinflammatory cytokines. The clinical evaluation of bsAbs in autoimmune diseases is ongoing, with both successes (phase II trials of obexelimab in systemic lupus erythematosus) and failures (phase II trials of lutikizumab in osteoarthritis and romilkimab in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), and this review aims to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of the clinical progress of bsAbs in this therapeutic area. Although many challenges remain, bsAbs offer new therapeutic options in the future direction of autoimmune disease treatments.
31852274 Prevalence of autoimmune disease in women with premature ovarian failure. 2020 Feb Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between premature ovarian failure and autoimmune disease.Methods: This interdisciplinary prospective study included 52 consecutively recruited women with premature ovarian failure, aged 18-40 years. Diagnosis of premature ovarian failure was defined as amenorrhoea lasting more than 4 months and anti-Müllerian hormone levels below the age-appropriate range. Women with an abnormal karyotype or Fragile X syndrome were excluded from the study. All participants were screened by a rheumatologist for the presence of underlying autoimmune disease.Results: The average age at first diagnosis of premature ovarian failure was 29.5 years; 92.3% of participants (n = 48) presented with a secondary amenorrhoea, while only 7.7% (n = 4) had primary amenorrhoea. Of all 52 participants, 40.4% (n = 21) had at least one confirmed autoimmune disease, including Hashimoto's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, polyglandular autoimmune syndrome and coeliac disease. Response rates for hormonal stimulation therapy were low and the presence of autoimmune disease was associated with poor infertility treatment outcome.Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of autoimmune disease in women with premature ovarian failure. Screening for autoimmune diseases should be offered to all women with premature ovarian failure.
32645207 Basic immunology may lead to translational therapeutic rationale: SARS-CoV-2 and rheumatic 2020 Sep COVID-19 pandemia is a major concern for patients and healthcare systems. The fear of infection by patients with concomitant rheumatic diseases (either adult or children) and connective tissue diseases is arising worldwide, because of their immunological background and immunological therapies. Analysing the basic biology of single diseases, the data suggest that there is an "immunological umbrella" that seems to protect against the infection, through IFN type 1 and NK cell function. To date, reports from China, United States and Europe did not reveal an higher risk of infection, either for rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis nor for lupus erythematosus. Antimalarials, anti-IL6-Anti-IL6 receptor, anti-IL1, anti-GM-CSF receptor and JAK1/2/3 inhibitors, are under investigation in COVID-dedicated clinical trials to control the inflammation raised by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Initial reports on the occurrence of autoimmune phenomena in the convalescence phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests that the immunological consequences of the infection need to be strictly understood. Reporting of the study conforms to broad EQUATOR guidelines (Simera et al January 2010 issue of EJCI).
32110979 Novel Carboxylated Chitosan-Based Triptolide Conjugate for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Art 2020 Feb 26 A new platform for triptolide (TP) delivery was prepared by conjugating TP to a carboxylmethyl chitosan (CMCS). Compared with the natural TP, the TP-conjugate (TP-CMCS) containing TP of ~5 wt% exhibited excellent aqueous solubility (> 5 mg/mL). Results of in vitro experiments showed that TP-CMCS could relieve TP-induced inhibition on RAW264.7 cells and apoptosis, respectively. Compared with the TP group, TP-CMCS could effectively alleviate the toxicity injury of TP and decreased the mortality rate of the mice (p < 0.05). TP-CMCS did not cause much damage to the liver (AST and ALT) and kidney (BUN and CRE) (p < 0.05). After administration, the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α decreased, and the arthritis detumescence percentages increased significantly, and the bony erosion degree was distinctly decreased in the TP-CMCS groups and TP group. Our results suggested that TP-CMCS was a useful carrier for the treatment of RA, which enhanced aqueous solubility of free TP and reduced drug toxicity in vitro and in vivo.
31836457 Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of paeoniflorin and total glucosides of pae 2020 Mar As a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas has been used to treat pain, inflammation and immune disorders for more than 1000 years in China. Total glycoside of paeony (TGP) is extracted from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is the major active component of TGP. Our research group has done a lot of work in the pharmacological mechanisms of Pae and found that Pae possessed extensive anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. Pae could inhibit inflammation in the animal models of autoimmune diseases, such as experimental arthritis, psoriatic mice and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and so on. Pae modulates the functions and activation of immune cells, decreases inflammatory medium production, and restores abnormal signal pathway. Pae could balance the subsets of immune cells through inhibiting abnormal activated cell subsets and restoring regulatory cell subsets. Pae could regulate signaling pathways (GPCR pathway, MAPKs /NF-κB patway, PI3K /Akt /mTOR pathway, JAK2 /STAT3 pathway, TGFβ /Smads, and etc.). TGP is composed of Pae, hydroxyl-paeoniflorin, paeonin, albiflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin etc. Pae accounts for more than 40% of TGP. Like Pae, TGP has anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. TGP has been widely used to treat autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, and etc. in China. Furthermore, TGP has some superior features with immune regulation, gentle effect, many indications and few adverse drug reactions. These findings suggest that TGP may be a promising anti-inflammatory and immune drug with soft regulation and has more superiority in the treatment of AIDs. Currently, TGP is used for the treatment of RA, SLE and other AIDs in more than 1000 hospitals in China, which obtained great social and economic benefits.
31350805 Factors Associated With Participation in Rheumatic Disease-Related Research Among Underrep 2020 Oct OBJECTIVE: Nonwhite racial/ethnic groups remain underrepresented in rheumatic disease-related research, despite being disproportionately affected by these disorders. Our objective was to systematically review the literature regarding underrepresented patients' perceptions of participation in rheumatic disease research and to develop strategies to improve diversity. METHODS: A systematic search of Embase, PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, and Cochrane was performed through October 2018. Two independent reviewers identified 642 unique studies; 7 met inclusion criteria (peer-reviewed articles, published in English in the last 20 years, adult population, and with a focus on underrepresented patients' participation in rheumatic research). Five coauthors provided final approval of included articles. Data abstraction was performed, and common themes and key differences were determined and adjudicated. RESULTS: The 7 articles included (n = 1,892 patients, range per article 20-961) evaluated factors associated with research participation of underrepresented populations. Five articles were related to lupus and 2 to rheumatoid arthritis, and 5 focused on African American patients and 1 on Hispanic patients. Five of the studies provided quantitative data through surveys (n = 3) and chart review (n = 2), while 2 used qualitative analyses. Key themes regarding underrepresented patients' perceptions of participating in research included: 1) the importance of trust in the patient- physician relationship, 2) the understanding of heterogeneity within and between ethnic groups, 3) the need for authentic academic-community partnerships, and 4) the implications of strict inclusion criteria on study participant diversity. CONCLUSION: Limited evidence exists regarding underrepresented patients' attitudes toward research participation in rheumatology, and further investigation is warranted. The themes identified provide a starting point for future interventions that promote increased diversity in rheumatic disease-related research studies.
30676145 Impact of combining medial capsule interposition with modified scarf osteotomy for hallux 2020 Jan Objectives: To clarify the effect of combining medial capsule interposition with modified scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus.Methods: A multicenter, retrospective study included 64 cases [59 osteoarthritis patients (excluding rheumatoid arthritis); age 68.8 years, range 40-93 years] of modified scarf osteotomy which were performed from 2013 to 2017 and followed for 26.6 (range, 13-50) months. Patients were treated by either (1) without medial capsule interposition (33 cases) or (2) combined with interposition (31 cases) at each senior surgeon's discretion. The Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP)-interphalangeal scale was evaluated along with radiographic parameters (hallux valgus angle [HVA], first and second metatarsals intermetatarsal angles, and Hardy grade).Results: All JSSF scale and radiographic parameters were similar at baseline and significantly improved at final follow-up in both groups (pre-operation vs. final follow-up: p < .001). However, compared to without interposition group, interposition group showed significantly higher improvement in the JSSF scale (pre-operation to final follow-up: p value between the two groups at final follow-up) for pain (without interposition: 19.4-34.2, interposition: 18.4-37.1; p = .02), function (without interposition: 20.8-33.6, interposition: 18.3-36.6; p = .005), total score (without interposition: 41.5-81.8, interposition: 38.5-88.5; p < .001), and the MTP joint space (without interposition: 1.4-1.5 mm, interposition: 1.6-2.6 mm; p < .001) with significant correlation between the total JSSF score (r = .40; p = .001).Conclusion: Combining medial capsule interposition with modified scarf osteotomy significantly improved mid-term clinical outcomes.
32244754 Oral Administration System Based on Meloxicam Nanocrystals: Decreased Dose Due to High Bio 2020 Apr 1 Meloxicam (MLX) is widely applied as a therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, it takes far too long to reach its peak plasma concentration for a quick onset effect, and gastrointestinal toxicity has been observed in RA patients taking it. To solve these problems, we designed MLX solid nanoparticles (MLX-NPs) by the bead mill method and used them to prepare new oral formulations. The particle size of the MLX-NPs was approximately 20-180 nm, and they remained in the nano-size range for 1 month. The tmax of MLX-NPs was shorter than that of traditional MLX dispersions (MLX-TDs), and the intestinal penetration of MLX-NPs was significantly higher in comparison with MLX-TDs (P < 0.05). Caveolae-dependent endocytosis (CavME), clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CME), and micropinocytosis (MP) were found to be related to the high intestinal penetration of MLX-NPs. The area under the plasma MLX concentration-time curve (AUC) for MLX-NPs was 5-fold higher than that for MLX-TDs (P < 0.05), and the AUC in rats administered 0.05 mg/kg MLX-NPs were similar to rats administered the therapeutic dose of 0.2 mg/kg MLX-TDs. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of the MLX-NPs was also significantly higher than that of MLX-TDs at the corresponding dose (P < 0.05), and the therapeutic effect of 0.2 mg/kg MLX-TDs and 0.05 mg/kg MLX-NPs in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats showed no difference. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal lesions in AA rats treated repetitively with 0.05 mg/kg MLX-NPs were fewer than in rats receiving 0.2 mg/kg MLX-TDs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrate that MLX solid nanoparticles allow a quick onset of therapeutic effect and that three endocytosis pathways, CavME, CME, and MP, are related to the high absorption of solid nanoparticles. In addition, we found that MLX solid nanoparticles make it possible to reduce the amount of orally administered drugs, and treatment with low doses of MLX-NPs allows RA therapy without intestinal ulcerogenic responses to MLX. These findings are useful for designing therapies for RA patients.
33023649 Association between autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 as assessed in both a test-negative c 2020 Oct 6 BACKGROUND: COVID-19 epidemic has paralleled with the so called infodemic, where countless pieces of information have been disseminated on putative risk factors for COVID-19. Among those, emerged the notion that people suffering from autoimmune diseases (AIDs) have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: The cohort included all COVID-19 cases residents in the Agency for Health Protection (AHP) of Milan that, from the beginning of the outbreak, developed a web-based platform that traced positive and negative cases as well as related contacts. AIDs subjects were defined ad having one the following autoimmune disease: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren disease, ankylosing spondylitis, myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's disease, acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and psoriatic arthritis. To investigate whether AID subjects are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and whether they have worse prognosis than AIDs-free subjects once infected, we performed a combined analysis of a test-negative design case-control study, a case-control with test-positive as cases, and one with test-negative as cases (CC-NEG). RESULTS: During the outbreak, the Milan AHP endured, up to April 27th 2020, 20,364 test-positive and 34,697 test-negative subjects. We found no association between AIDs and being positive to COVID-19, but a statistically significant association between AIDs and being negative to COVID-19 in the CC-NEG. If, as likely, test-negative subjects underwent testing because of respiratory infection symptoms, these results imply that autoimmune diseases may be a risk factor for respiratory infections in general (including COVID-19), but they are not a specific risk factor for COVID-19. Furthermore, when infected by SARS-CoV-2, AIDs subjects did not have a worse prognosis compared to non-AIDs subjects. Results highlighted a potential unbalance in the testing campaign, which may be correlated to the characteristics of the tested person, leading specific frail population to be particularly tested. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of availability of sound scientific knowledge inevitably lead unreliable news to spread over the population, preventing people to disentangle them form reliable information. Even if additional studies are needed to replicate and strengthen our results, these findings represent initial evidence to derive recommendations based on actual data for subjects with autoimmune diseases.
33365072 Icariin enhances cell survival in lipopolysaccharide-induced synoviocytes by suppressing f 2021 Jan The mechanism of action of synovitis, as the vital pathological process of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, remains to be elucidated. The effects and the mechanism of icariin (ICA), which is a promising therapeutic agent in synovitis, was investigated in the present study. In addition, ferroptosis, a vital cell process involved in several diseases, was also studied in synovitis for the first time. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synoviocytes served as a synovitis cell model. The cells were divided into control, LPS and experimental groups and were treated with different concentrations of ICA. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and cell death was determined by flow cytometry. The expression levels of proteins (GPX4, SLC7A11, SLC3A2L, TRF, Nrf2 and NCOA4) were measured by western blotting. Quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA), iron and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity levels were performed via using corresponding assay kits. Cell death was increased, and cell viability was decreased in LPS-induced synoviocytes. Furthermore, MDA levels and iron content were elevated and GPX levels was reduced in LPS-induced synoviocytes. Transferrin receptor protein 1 and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 were upregulated and proteins of the Xc-/GPX4 axis, as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, were decreased by LPS treatment. All aforementioned LPS affects were alleviated by ICA via a concentration-dependent manner. ICA counteracted the effects of RSL3, a ferroptosis activator, on cell viability, lipid peroxidation, iron content and relative protein expression of ferroptosis in synoviocytes. ICA protects the cells from death in synoviocytes induced by LPS, via the inhibition of ferroptosis by activating the Xc-/GPX4 axis, which can be exploited as a new therapeutic strategy for synovitis.
33298724 Immunotherapy Use in Patients With Lung Cancer and Comorbidities. 2020 Nov/Dec Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is now in widespread clinical use for the treatment of lung cancer. Although patients with autoimmune disease and other comorbidities were excluded from initial clinical trials, emerging real-world experience suggests that these promising treatments may be administered safely to individuals with inactive low-risk autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis, mild to moderate renal and hepatic dysfunction, and certain chronic viral infections. Considerations for ICI in autoimmune disease populations include exacerbations of the underlying autoimmune disease, increased risk of ICI-induced immune-related adverse events, and potential for compromised efficacy if patients are receiving chronic immunosuppression. Immune checkpoint inhibitor use in higher-risk autoimmune conditions, such as myasthenia gravis or multiple sclerosis, requires careful evaluation on a case-by-case basis. Immune checkpoint inhibitor use in individuals with solid organ transplant carries a substantial risk of organ rejection. Ongoing research into the prediction of ICI efficacy and toxicity may help in patient selection, treatment, and monitoring.
32932973 A Novel Role of Interleukin-6 as a Regulatory Factor of Inflammation-Associated Deteriorat 2020 Sep 11 Inflammatory disorders are associated with bone destruction; that is, deterioration in bone cell activities are under the control of the innate immune system. Macrophages play a central role in innate immunity by switching their polarized phenotype. A disturbed immune system causes aberrance in the ordered bone matrix microarrangement, which is a dominant determinant of bone tissue functionalization. However, the precise relationship between the immune system and bone tissue organization is unknown. In this study, the controlled in vitro co-culture assay results showed that M1-polarized macrophages disrupted the osteoblast alignment, which directly modulate the oriented bone matrix organization, by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Notably, interleukin-6 was found to be a key regulator of unidirectional osteoblast alignment. Our results demonstrated that inflammatory diseases triggered bone dysfunction by regulating the molecular interaction between the immune system and bone tissue organization. These findings may contribute to the development of therapeutic targets for inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis.
32890933 A visible-light-excitable mitochondria-targeted europium complex probe for hypochlorous ac 2020 Nov 15 Development of fluorescent/luminescent probes for rapid, selective and sensitive detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is of great significance for understanding the roles of ROS in pathophysiological processes. In the present research, a visible-light-excitable Eu(3+) complex-based probe, Eu(L)(3)(DPBT), is designed and synthesized for the time-gated luminescence (TGL) determination of hypochlorous acid (HClO) in vitro and in vivo. The proposed probe exhibits a rapid, selective and sensitive TGL response to HClO, and excellent localization of mitochondria in living cells with low cytotoxicity. These features allow the probe to be used for the TGL sensing and imaging of HClO formation in mimic inflammatory cells at a subcellular level, as well as in endotoxin-induced liver injury and rheumatoid arthritis in live mice. In addition, by immobilizing the probe in the PEG hydrogel, the smart sensor films with rapid response to HClO were prepared, and successfully used for the real-time monitoring of HClO generation in mouse wounds, in order to distinguish the infected wounds from acute ones. Overall, this study provides a useful tool for the clinical monitoring and treatment of wound diseases.
32738636 Role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in autoimmune diseases. 2020 Oct NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is an intracellular receptor that senses foreign pathogens and endogenous danger signals. It assembles with apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1 to form a multimeric protein called the NLRP3 inflammasome. Among its various functions, the NLRP3 inflammasome can induce the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 while also promoting gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis. Previous studies have established a vital role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in innate and adaptive immune system as well as its contribution to several autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this review, we briefly introduce the biological features of the NLRP3 inflammasome and present the mechanisms underlying its activation and regulation. We also summarize recent studies that have reported on the roles of NLRP3 inflammasome in the immune system and several autoimmune diseases, with a focus on therapeutic and clinical applications.
32722559 The Functional Roles and Applications of Immunoglobulins in Neurodegenerative Disease. 2020 Jul 26 Natural autoantibodies, immunoglobulins (Igs) that target self-proteins, are common in the plasma of healthy individuals; some of the autoantibodies play pathogenic roles in systemic or tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, the field of autoantibody-associated diseases has expanded to encompass neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), with related studies examining the functions of Igs in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent evidence suggests that Igs have various effects in the CNS; these effects are associated with the prevention of neurodegeneration, as well as induction. Here, we summarize the functional roles of Igs with respect to neurodegenerative disease (AD and PD), focusing on the target antigens and effector cell types. In addition, we review the current knowledge about the roles of these antibodies as diagnostic markers and immunotherapies.
32681397 Use of tocilizumab in amyloid a nephropathy associated with Sweet syndrome: a case report 2021 Feb Amyloid A nephropathy is a possible complication of chronic inflammatory disease. Proteinuria and kidney failure are the main features of the disease. Tocilizumab (TCZ), an IL6-R antibody approved for rheumatoid arthritis, is a promising choice for histologically demonstrated nephropathy. We describe a case of kidney amyloid associated with Sweet syndrome treated with TCZ. The patient was affected by Sweet syndrome associated with proteinuria. Kidney biopsy showed amyloid deposits. During the follow-up, cutaneous and renal findings were refractory to many immunosuppressive regimen (cyclophosphamide, leflunomide, interferon and steroid). After few years, the patient developed rapidly progressive nephropathy associated with nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria up to 6 g/die). A second kidney biopsy was performed and it showed worsening of amyloid nephropathy. Thus, TCZ was administrated (8 mg/kg once a month) and it stabilized kidney function and induced partial remission of the nephrotic syndrome in the following 2 years.
32677247 A case paradoxical hidradenitis suppurativa with janus kinase inhibitor, literature review 2020 Nov Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory skin disease. Biological therapy has revolutionized it's the treatment. Paradoxical HS occur with various biological and targeted agents. We report a patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who developed HS after 6 months of tofacitinib therapy. A comprehensive literature review identified 43 cases of paradoxical HS among patients on biological and targeted agents. Pooled analysis of the cases showed Crohn's disease 18(41.8%) and RA 9(20.9%) as commonest indications for biological therapy. Adalimumab 20(46.5%) followed by infliximab 9(20.9%) were the commonest offending agents. Duration of biological treatment prior to HS manifestation was 12(1-120) months. Smoking 21(48.8%) and overweight or obese 20(46.5%) were most frequent HS risk factors. Fourteen (32.6%) patients had a second paradoxical event, 11(25.6%) developed psoriasis and 4(9.3%) Crohn's disease. Presence of ≥1 risk factor for HS, continuation of the implicated biological agent and occurrence of more than one paradoxical event were factors associated with poor paradoxical HS outcome.
32637451 Circular RNAs: Promising Molecular Biomarkers of Human Aging-Related Diseases via Function 2020 Sep 11 Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of noncoding single-stranded RNAs that differ from linear microRNAs (miRNAs), since they form covalently closed loop structures without free 3' poly(A) tails or 5' caps. circRNAs are the competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by binding to miRNA through miRNA response elements (MREs) (i.e., "miRNA sponge"), thereby reducing the quantity of miRNA available to target mRNA, subsequently promoting mRNA stability or protein expression, which involves the initiation and progress of human diseases. Owing to these features of abundance, stability, conservative property, and tissue and stage specificity, widely distributing in the extracellular space and in various bodily fluids, circRNAs can be considered as potential biomarkers for various diseases. Here, we reviewed the promising circRNAs being disease biomarkers, focused on their regulatory function by acting as miRNA sponges, and described their roles in cancer, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and other human aging-related diseases, which provide a new direction for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of human aging-related diseases.
32601592 Automatic detection of periodontal compromised teeth in digital panoramic radiographs usin 2020 Jun PURPOSE: Periodontal disease causes tooth loss and is associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. The present study proposes using a deep learning-based object detection method to identify periodontally compromised teeth on digital panoramic radiographs. A faster regional convolutional neural network (faster R-CNN) which is a state-of-the-art deep detection network, was adapted from the natural image domain using a small annotated clinical data- set. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 100 digital panoramic radiographs of periodontally compromised patients were retrospectively collected from our hospital's information system and augmented. The periodontally compromised teeth found in each image were annotated by experts in periodontology to obtain the ground truth. The Keras library, which is written in Python, was used to train and test the model on a single NVidia 1080Ti GPU. The faster R-CNN model used a pretrained ResNet architecture. RESULTS: The average precision rate of 0.81 demonstrated that there was a significant region of overlap between the predicted regions and the ground truth. The average recall rate of 0.80 showed that the periodontally compromised teeth regions generated by the detection method excluded healthiest teeth areas. In addition, the model achieved a sensitivity of 0.84, a specificity of 0.88 and an F-measure of 0.81. CONCLUSION: The faster R-CNN trained on a limited amount of labeled imaging data performed satisfactorily in detecting periodontally compromised teeth. The application of a faster R-CNN to assist in the detection of periodontally compromised teeth may reduce diagnostic effort by saving assessment time and allowing automated screening documentation.