Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2791753 | Function and pathology of the sugar chains of human immunoglobulin G. | 1989 | Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is unique among serum glycoproteins because it contains more than 30 different biantennary complex-type asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. This extremely high microheterogeneity is probably produced because human individuals have a series of B cell clones equipped with different sets of glycosyltransferases. Despite this complex composition, IgG samples purified from whole human sera have the same mole ratios of oligosaccharides, indicating that the ratio of B cell clones synthesizing IgGs with different sugar chains is constant in healthy individuals. We found that the glycosylation patterns of whole serum IgGs obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are quite different from those of whole serum from healthy individuals. Structural studies of the oligosaccharides revealed that the sugar chains of the IgGs obtained from patients with RA are depleted of the beta-galactose residues. The sugar chains of transferrin from patients with RA are fully galactosylated. Therefore the galactose deletion from IgG is probably brought about by a decrease in galactosyltransferase activity in B cells rather than by degradation by galactosidase during circulation. Enzymic study revealed that human B cells contain various beta-galactosyltransferases which form the Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc groups in the sugar chains of different glycoproteins. Among these enzymes, abnormality in patients with RA was found only in the one that transfers beta-galactose residues specifically to degalactosylated IgG. This enzyme showed lower affinity toward UDP-Gal in B cells of patients with RA than that in healthy individuals. | |
| 3663337 | Detection, by an enzyme linked immunoadsorbant assay (ELISA), of IgM, IgG and IgA rheumato | 1987 | In order to investigate on some yet unclear aspects of the relationship between Rheumatoid Factor (RF) activity, cryoprecipitation and clinical features of Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinemia (EMC), we determined, by an ELISA technique, the IgM, IgG and IgA RF in 16 patients with EMC, 16 patients affected with seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis (AR), taken as a reference, and 16 young, normal controls. For IgM RF a high rate of incidence of positive samples (11/16 = 69%) from the EMC group was found, with mean values significantly higher than controls (p less than 0.001) and quite similar to those of the RA group. The ELISA assay was performed at room temperature (RT) and at 37 degrees C, and only a slight increase of adsorbance values in the latter condition was observed. On the contrary, temperature revealed to be a critical experimental condition for the detection of IgG RF. In fact at 37 degrees C the mean values of EMC patients were similar to those of RA and control groups, while at RT a marked increase of adsorbance values was observed, in spite of the inactivation of IgMRF due to the preliminary pepsin digestion of the samples. More interesting are our results concerning IgA RF. In fact a high incidence of overnormal values (9/16 = 56.2%) were found in the EMC group, similar to those of RA patients, with mean values which significantly differ from the normal subjects (p less than 0.01). No relevant differences derived from the temperature at which the test was carried out. The relationship between IgA RF and clinical course of EMC seems to be a very stimulating aim for further investigations. | |
| 2481875 | Antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis react specifically with the glycine alanine repeat sequ | 1989 | Antibodies to rheumatoid arthritis nuclear antigen (RANA) are four- to sixfold increased in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), whereas levels of antibodies to other EBV encoded antigens are slightly elevated or normal. We have demonstrated that the major epitopes recognised by anti-RANA antibodies are represented by a synthetic peptide, P62, corresponding to part of the internal repeat sequence which contains only the amino acids glycine and alanine. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, anti-P62 antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis sera were four fold higher than healthy and disease controls. By contrast, levels of antibodies to a cloned fusion protein, representing the C-terminus of EBNA-1 and excluding the IR3 region, were normal in RA, but elevated fivefold in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Affinity purified anti-P62 antibodies reacted with EBNA-1 and RANA but also with a 60 kD protein present in tissue extracts which has been tentatively identified as cytokeratin. This suggests that the specific increase of anti-P62 antibodies in RA may be due to cross-reactions with autoantibodies to structural proteins with repeat sequences containing glycine. Such sequences are found in cytokeratin and proteoglycans, suggesting that anti-P62 (and hence anti-RANA) antibodies may be cross-reactive antibodies of pathogenic significance in RA, though not necessarily indicating an aetiological role for EBV. | |
| 1748696 | Metachronous infections in patients who have had more than one total joint arthroplasty. | 1991 Dec | Sixty-eight patients who had had 159 replacement arthroplasties of more than one major joint between 1975 and 1984 and who had had an infection after at least one of these procedures were identified in a retrospective review. Subsequent infection in another total joint replacement was documented in ten of these patients. The risk of development of an infection about another total joint replacement after an infection had occurred about one total joint replacement in a patient who had had more than one arthroplasty was 18 per cent, according to the survivorship-analysis method of Kaplan and Meier. Many variables that were previously thought to increase the risk of infection, such as rheumatoid arthritis, older age of the patient, previous operations, and the use of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents, or both, were not found to increase the risk of a subsequent infection in patients who had had more than one arthroplasty with infection of one of the arthroplasties. The recent occurrence of a major systemic infection did increase the risk of infection about the other total joint replacements. Eight of the ten subsequent joint infections were due to the same causative organism as the index infection about a total joint replacement and occurred within the first year after the index infection. The initial treatment of the index infection included specific parenteral antimicrobial therapy combined with débridement and excisional arthroplasty in forty patients, removal of the components and arthrodesis in three patients, and débridement with retention of the prosthesis in twenty-five patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | |
| 2276112 | The use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) in humans. | 1990 | Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) has now been in clinical trials for over four years. rHuEpo has been shown to be nearly uniformly effective in correcting the anaemia of patients on haemodialysis or patients with progressive chronic renal failure not yet on dialysis. rHuEpo has been shown to be effective in increasing the ability of individuals to donate blood for self-use and to increase the haematocrit in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Preliminary results indicate that rHuEpo will decrease transfusion requirements of patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome who are anaemic. Trials in patients with anaemia associated with cancer or myelodysplastic syndromes are in early stages. rHuEpo will have a major impact as a therapeutic agent, particularly in patients with renal disease. | |
| 3397745 | ICLH knee arthroplasty. A consecutive study of 108 knees with uncemented tibial component | 1988 | One hundred eight ICLH knee arthroplasties with cementless tibial component fixation were performed from 1978 through 1982 in Gothenburg, Sweden. The patients were followed for 2-8 years (mean, 4 years) with clinical and radiographic examinations at regular intervals, and the data were computer-analyzed. Patellar subluxation-dislocation, often accompanied by pain, occurred in 50% of the knees. Eleven arthroplasties failed due to aseptic loosening. Survival rate analysis performed using three different definitions of failure resulted in cumulative success rates after 8 years of 86%, 78%, and 72%. Most failures occurred between 2 and 5 years after surgery. Patients with bilateral arthritis were overrepresented among the failures. There was a significant correlation between failure and poor bone sclerosis around the polyethylene pegs. Most patients can be treated with cementless fixation, but other types of fixation should be considered for elderly patients and patients with severe bilateral disease. | |
| 2624997 | Radioimmunoassay for erythropoietin using anti-recombinant erythropoietin antibody with hi | 1989 Nov | A sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of erythropoietin (EPO) was developed using anti-recombinant EPO antibody with high affinity. The sensitivity was 100 amol/tube (5 mIU/ml) and it was possible to detect a serum EPO level between 5 and 200 mIU/ml. This method enabled us to measure native EPO as well as recombinant EPO. With this method we determined serum EPO levels in healthy individuals and patients with chronic renal disease, rheumatoid arthritis and iron deficiency anemia. Values in patients with chronic renal disease were lower than those in healthy individuals, while values in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, or iron deficiency anemia were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals. | |
| 3036190 | Kallikrein in synovial fluid with rheumatoid arthritis. | 1987 Apr | The levels of kallikrein and collagenase in synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were examined and the role of kallikrein in procollagenase activation is discussed. Both prekallikrein and active kallikrein in synovial fluid from patients with RA were significantly elevated when compared to synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). In RA synovial fluid, the ratio of the active form to total kallikrein was also higher than that in OA synovial fluid. Both active collagenase and the alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M)-collagenase complex in RA synovial fluid were higher than in OA synovial fluid. A partial correlation (r = 0.58) between active kallikrein and total collagenase (active and alpha 2M-collagenase complex) was observed in RA synovial fluid. These observations indicate that both kallikrein and collagenase are associated with the destruction of cartilage, but the role of kallikrein in procollagenase activation was not fully clarified. | |
| 1895551 | Membranous nephropathy with crescents in rheumatoid arthritis: a case report. | 1991 May | A 59-year-old man with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) developed renal dysfunction, proteinuria and hematuria. Neither gold nor penicillamine had been given. Light microscopy of a renal biopsy specimen revealed membranous nephropathy with crescents of various stages. The possible pathogenesis of such an unusual combination of membranous nephropathy and crescents in RA is discussed. | |
| 3597500 | Total shoulder arthroplasty. | 1987 Jul | A prospective study was done of fifty total shoulder replacements in forty-four patients who were followed for an average of 3.5 years (range, 2.0 to 7.5 years). The preoperative diagnosis was osteoarthritis in thirty-three shoulders, rheumatoid arthritis in eleven, and a previous fracture of the humeral head in six shoulders. Nine of the shoulders had a tear of the rotator cuff. The Neer-II system of total shoulder replacement with a non-metal-backed component was used in all fifty shoulders. At follow-up, forty-four shoulders (88 per cent) had no significant pain. Of the six painful shoulders, four had loosening of the glenoid component and one had malposition of both components. Three of the six shoulders had no significant pain after revision. The average range of active forward elevation in all of the shoulders improved from 71 to 100 degrees, and both external and internal rotation improved as well. Five specific activities of daily living were evaluated, and the patients' ability to perform them improved from 14 to 78 per cent. Thirty-five shoulders (68 per cent) were rated by the patients as much better; thirteen shoulders (26 per cent), as better; and three (6 per cent), as no better. An incomplete lucent line was noted around five (10 per cent) of the cemented humeral stems and around thirty-seven (74 per cent) of the glenoid prostheses. Four arthroplasties (8 per cent) required revision: three for loosening of the glenoid component and one for malposition of both components.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | |
| 3536252 | THARIES resurfacing arthroplasty. Evolution and long-term results. | 1986 Dec | The unsatisfactory results of total hip arthroplasty in the young patient led to the development of the concept of hip resurfacing. Total hip articular replacement by internal eccentric shells (THARIES) resurfacing was introduced in 1975, with the primary goal of bone stock preservation and the hope of increased durability in the young patient. Major changes in design and technique include thicker and more uniform acrylic layers, metal-backed flanged acetabular component, and reduction in femoral size for preservation of acetabular bone stock. Of the 584 hips (average patient age, 48 years) with one- to ten-year follow-up study, there have been 72 failures (revision rate, 12.3%) with 66 cases of loosening (nearly all beginning in or limited to the acetabular side), two neck fractures, and four sepses. Survivorship analysis revealed that the single most important factor related to prosthesis failure is age followed by diagnosis and experience of the surgeon. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis were favorable categories with congenital dysplastic hip (CDH), osteonecrosis, and previous failed resurfacing being unfavorable categories. Experience has taught the importance in preserving acetabular bone stock, providing bone graft for socket coverage in severe dysplasia, and removing dead bone in osteonecrosis. While resurfacing did not solve the problems of the young patient, even those patients who failed often gained time for application of the newer techniques and materials. The femoral component infrequently failed. The head remained vascular. This leads the authors to conclude that the surface arthroplasty concept is a viable alternative to total hip arthroplasty and seems to be ideal for the application of porous technology. | |
| 2573169 | NcoI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF alp | 1989 Jul | The two-allele NcoI Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of the TNF alpha region yielding bands of 5.5 and 10.5 kb was investigated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (P-JRA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). In all four disease, we found a decreased frequency of the 10.5 kb allele which, however, was significant only in the SLE group. In all conditions except RA, the frequency of the 5.5 kb fragment was increased. In pSS and SLE, the frequency of HLA-B8 was increased in 5.5 kb fragment positive patients compared with corresponding controls and thus, the increase of this band and the decrease of the 10.5 kb band may be secondary to HLA-B8 associations owing to strong positive linkage disequilibrium between HLA-B8 and the 5.5 kb band. | |
| 2254889 | Anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies in the urine of patients with systemic lupus erythematosu | 1990 Oct | Urine samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 80), patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 21), and healthy controls (n = 36) were analyzed by radio-immunoassay (RIA) for anti-RNA polymerase I (RPI) antibodies. Significant levels of anti-RPI antibodies were detected in the urine of 46% of the patients with SLE but in only 19% of the patients with RA and in no sample from healthy individuals. The presence of anti-RPI antibodies in the urine was confirmed by demonstrating that IgG purified from the urine of patients with SLE was capable of inhibiting the transcriptional activity of RPI in vitro. If the quantity of anti-RPI antibodies excreted is related to disease activity, analysis of urine for these antibodies may be a useful alternative for the purpose of monitoring the progression of disease in individuals with SLE because of the ease by which the sample can be collected. | |
| 2066953 | Severe pancytopenia in a patient taking low dose methotrexate and probenecid. | 1991 Apr | A patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed life-threatening pancytopenia resulting from low dose oral methotrexate (MTX) toxicity potentiated by probenecid. Clinically significant drug interactions are not frequently cited as risk factors for MTX hematologic toxicity. As low dose MTX is gaining increasing popularity in rheumatologic practice, these potentially serious interactions should be considered. | |
| 3138060 | A comparison of prednisolone with azathioprine and prednisolone with intramuscular gold in | 1988 Jun | Pulse prednisolone hemisuccinate therapy (500 mg given intravenously on three occasions over two weeks) has been combined with either intramuscular sodium aurothiomalate or azathioprine in an assessment of 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Significant improvement in a variety of clinical and biochemical assessments was seen in both groups. Both treatments were well tolerated by the patients and prednisolone appeared to accelerate the response to sodium aurothiomalate and azathioprine but there was no great evidence that it enhanced it. | |
| 2692314 | [Optimizing the clinical value of polyreactive autoantibodies to double-stranded DNA]. | 1989 Nov 1 | The serological characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus is the presence of antibodies to double stranded (ds) DNA. Raised levels of these antibodies have been found occasionally in patients with other inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Evaluating 67 patients with anti-dsDNA antibodies we searched for additionally immunological features to improve their clinical relevance for connective tissue diseases. We found out that coexistent antinuclear antibodies, antibodies to Sm, U1-nRNP, Ro and La, except in D-penicillamine induced lupus syndrome, were most specific for connective tissue diseases. Permanent antinuclear antibody negative systemic lupus erythematosus may not really exist. | |
| 3383477 | Semiconstrained elbow prostheses with special reference to the GSB III prosthesis. | 1988 Jul | Fully constrained metal-to-metal elbow prostheses are not used anymore because of a high loosening rate. Today semiconstrained or condylar prostheses are the two possibilities when replacement of a destroyed elbow joint is considered. A careful analysis of the most recent publications in the world literature reveals a high complication rate for both types of prostheses, each one having specific advantages and disadvantages. The Gschwend-Scheier-Bähler (GSB) III prosthesis is a semiconstrained prosthesis, requires little bone resection, and is therefore easily salvaged. The results in regard to pain relief and improvement in range of motion are satisfactory in a high percentage of patients. The rate of lasting complications is lower than with most of the other prostheses. The authors' transtricipital approach is also a factor that contributes to the high success rate. In case of a failed arthroplasty the authors' method of reconstructing the humeral condyles allows a better salvage. | |
| 3196365 | Hepatic ultrastructure after methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. | 1988 Dec | Twenty-six patients receiving long-term oral methotrexate (MTX) therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (24 patients) or psoriasis (2 patients) were prospectively evaluated for alterations in liver morphology by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Although only 4 MTX-treated patients had light microscopic evidence of mild fibrosis, all had evidence of collagen deposition in the space of Disse near Ito cells and changes in hepatocyte lysosomes on electron microscopy. These findings were absent from control livers. Fibrinogen, fibronectin, and type IV collagen were identified by immunofluorescence in both MTX-treated patients and controls. We conclude that long-term MTX therapy for rheumatoid arthritis is associated with alterations in hepatic ultrastructure, including collagen deposition in the space of Disse and changes in hepatocyte lysosomes. | |
| 2846611 | Epstein-Barr virus and human autoimmune diseases: possibilities and pitfalls. | 1988 Sep | Epidemiologic studies suggest that human autoimmune disease involves both genetic and environmental components. Although a great deal has been learned about genetic components (i.e. histocompatibility antigens), little is known about the environmental factors. Because of its ubiquitous nature and ability to stimulate lymphoid responses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been examined as a potential candidate, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. No convincing evidence has been produced that it plays a primary etiologic role in these disorders. Nevertheless, EBV or a related herpesvirus may play an indirect role in perpetuating the disorder or in the development of extra-articular manifestations such as Sjögren's syndrome (an autoimmune disorder involving the salivary glands). Current data indicates increased EBV reactivation in some patients with autoimmune diseases, as evidenced by increased viral DNA in their saliva and increased number of circulating B-cells containing EBV in their blood. These patients also have modestly elevated anti-EBV antibody titers and altered antiviral T-cell responses, as measured by the ability to prevent outgrowth of autologous EBV infected B-cells. However, the relevance of these 'abnormalities' to pathogenesis remains unknown. It is hoped that new techniques such as polymerase chain reaction will provide new insights into these questions by allowing detection of viral DNA from tissue biopsies obtained early in the course of disease and by providing a method to identify viral isolates that do not grow well in vitro. | |
| 3584973 | Mononuclear phagocyte system complement receptor dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. | 1987 Jun 15 | To explore the relationship between complement-dependent and Fc receptor-mediated clearance mechanisms, clearance studies were performed in nine patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis and 49 normal controls. Kinetic analysis allowed evaluation of the four rate constants governing both complement- and Fc-mediated clearance processes. This analysis revealed that patients with rheumatoid arthritis had significantly reduced values for the constants regulating complement-dependent clearance (p less than 0.001). Complement-mediated clearance dysfunction was associated with normal serum complement levels and normal Fc receptor function. These data indicate that complement-mediated clearance defects are neither the simple result of a hypocomplementemic complement opsonization deficiency nor merely the reflection of profound Fc dysfunction. Defects in the two clearance processes can occur independently. These data demonstrate a specific complement receptor defect in the fixed tissue macrophages of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. |