Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2839104 | The peripheral neuropathy of necrotizing arteritis: a clinicopathological study. | 1988 May | We have reviewed the clinical and morphological data from 100 patients with necrotizing arteritis in muscle and/or in nerve samples taken by biopsy. The neuropathy occurred in the context of a multisystem disorder (Group 1) or in apparent isolation (Group 2). The average age of patients was 59 in Group 1 and 61 in Group 2. Females were more commonly affected than males, especially in the first group. Necrotizing arteritis complicated the course of rheumatoid arthritis in 25 patients. In 3 patients necrotizing arteritis was associated with infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, the agent of AIDS. Tests for hepatitis B surface antigen were positive in 19 patients. Mononeuritis was present in 13, mononeuritis multiplex in 62, and distal symmetrical sensory or sensorimotor neuropathy in 19 patients. In both groups of patients, the muscle biopsy was more frequently diagnostic for arteritis than was the nerve biopsy (80% versus 55%). The average incidence of isolated fibers undergoing axonal degeneration was 64.8%; that of demyelinated/remyelinated fibers was 1.9%. We conclude that the combination of nerve and muscle sampling increases the chance of visualizing characteristic arterial lesions in vasculitic neuropathy. | |
| 3345876 | Clinicopathological features of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced small intestina | 1988 Apr | The clinicopathological features in 4 patients are described where nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs appear to have caused small intestinal strictures. Two patients had rheumatoid arthritis and 2 patients had osteoarthritis; all had received nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for 1.5-30 yr. Three patients had an initial illness characterized by diarrhea, profound weight loss, and hypoalbuminemia. Intestinal radiology at this stage ranged from subtle changes to those of Crohn's disease. Three patients underwent surgery. At operation the bland external appearance contrasted with the striking mucosal appearances of multiple concentric, circumferential, diaphragmatic strictures that caused luminal stenosis to a pinhole. These septa were due to submucosal fibrosis and the histopathological picture appears to represent a new nosological entity. | |
| 3656520 | The occurrence of vasculitis in perianeurysmal fibrosis. | 1987 Oct | The histological findings of retroperitoneal fibrosis in 17 operated patients are described. Of these patients 6 showed a simultaneous aneurysm of the abdominal aorta verified either by computerized tomography, ultrasound, arteriography or during an operation. Of the patients 14 were operated on primarily because of ureteral obstruction, 2 because of aortic aneurysm and 1 because of rupture of the abdominal aorta. Advanced fibrosis with varying amounts of inflammation was detected in all 17 patients. The same histological pattern was present in patients with aneurysm of the abdominal aorta and in those without aneurysm. Accompanying vasculitis with destruction of the vascular wall was noted in 8 patients, including 6 with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. In 3 patients who underwent aneurysm resection as well as in 1 patient with aortic rupture the process extended into the aortic wall. The only patient with vasculitis and no aortic process suffers from severe rheumatoid arthritis. On the basis of the different histological findings we suggest that retroperitoneal fibrosis with vasculitis and aneurysm may represent a distinct pathological entity. | |
| 2960010 | Lymphocyte subpopulations, lymphoblast transformation activity, and concanavalin A-induced | 1987 Sep | The following immunologic in vitro tests were applied on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor test, Con A-activated lymphoblast transformation test, and spontaneous lymphoblast transformation test. Concomitant phenotypic characterization of subsets of PBMC was performed with monoclonal antibodies. Patients with ulcerative colitis and a control group with rheumatoid arthritis showed significantly reduced activity in the Con A-activated lymphoblast transformation test compared with healthy controls and patients with Crohn's disease. The distribution of PBMC subsets and the results of the other in vitro tests were similar for patients with IBD and healthy controls. Thus the decrease in Con A-activated lymphoblast activity was not due to an increased suppressor function as measured either by functional Con A-induced suppressor test or indirectly by T8 phenotype. | |
| 3740995 | Association of bronchiolitis with connective tissue disorders. | 1986 Aug | Among 173 consecutive open lung biopsies, nine gave a histopathological diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Seven of these patients had some connective tissue disorder (CTD), six of whom are presented in this report; two had classical and one possible rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one ankylosing spondylitis, one scleroderma, and one developed classical RA four years after biopsy. Four of the patients were smokers, most suffered from breathlessness and cough. In terms of lung function three patients had obstruction, one both restriction and obstruction and three a decreased diffusion capacity. For control purposes peripheral lung tissue was studied histologically from 24 consecutive smoking patients without CTD who underwent a lobectomy for cancer. Intraluminal plugs and mucosal lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the bronchiolar walls were more prevalent and abundant in the CTD patients than in the controls (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001 respectively). Two CTD patients also showed some obliterative bronchiolitis. Corticosteroids were effective in one out of four patients treated. One patient improved and the others did not show any progression during the follow up. The results suggest that smoking alone does not explain the lesions of the small airways found in CTD patients, and that bronchiolitis may be specifically associated with the basic disorder in such cases. | |
| 3724407 | Pathophysiological factors which limit the exercise capacity of the sick child. | 1986 Jun | While deficient exercise performance of sick children results from hypoactivity and detraining, it can also be caused by specific pathophysiological factors. These can affect one or more components of physical fitness. A low maximal aerobic power will result from a low maximal stroke volume, as in aortic stenosis or cardiomyopathy; a low maximal heart rate, as in congenital complete heart block or intake of beta-blockers; a low O2 content of the arterial blood, as in anemia or advanced cystic fibrosis; and a high O2 content of mixed-venous blood, as in muscle atrophy or severe malnutrition. A high O2 cost of locomotion, as in advanced obesity or cerebral palsy, will cause the patient to exert at a high percentage of his maximal aerobic power and thus fatigue easily. A subnormal muscle strength, as in progressive muscular dystrophy or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is sometimes the primary factor that limits the walking ability or other daily functions. Recent data suggest that local muscle endurance, as assessed by the Wingate anaerobic test, is particularly deficient in some neuromuscular diseases. Examples are muscular dystrophies and spastic cerebral palsy. The ratio of peak anaerobic power to peak aerobic power seems lower in such patients than in able-bodied controls. | |
| 1895413 | The incidence of Peyronie's disease in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950 through 1984. | 1991 Oct | Peyronie's disease was diagnosed in 101 male residents of Rochester, Minnesota between 1950 and 1984. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 53 years. The average age-adjusted annual incidence rate of 25.7 and a prevalence rate of 388.6 per 100,000 male population were noted. The steady increase in incidence with time may reflect an increasing tendency to obtain medical help. However, the possibility of a true increase in the incidence rate cannot be ruled out. An effort was made to identify possible risk factors and other disease associations. Rheumatoid arthritis and hypertension were more common among the patients compared to the Rochester population. In contrast, no excess of diabetes mellitus was observed among patients with Peyronie's disease. | |
| 1883691 | Mechanisms of action, dosage schedules, and side effects of steroid therapy. | 1991 Jun | Two themes are prominent in this year's literature dealing with glucocorticoids and musculoskeletal diseases. First, a high degree of attention has been focused on the use of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in rheumatoid arthritis. Despite a number of studies, however, opinion regarding its usefulness as a short-term, adjunctive therapy remains divided. Nonetheless, experience continues to support the view that intravenous methylprednisolone is associated with a relative lack of untoward effects. Second, attention has also been focused on steroid-induced osteoporosis. The heterogeneity of the impact of steroids on bone mineral density is perhaps surprising. The assumption that the effect of glucocorticoids on bone is uniformly large and sustained is clearly open to challenge, although the mechanisms underlying differences in host response are unclear. Definition of patients at higher risk for steroid-induced osteoporosis remains a priority. | |
| 1887157 | [The application of photopheresis in the therapy of cancerous and autoimmune diseases]. | 1991 May | Photopheresis is an extracorporeal form of immunotherapy, recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. During photopheresis lymphocytes are collected from the patients by leukapheresis and after exposure to psoralens and UVA reinfused to the host. The reinfused cells induce an immunological reaction against the neoplastic cells that seems to be clone specific. 37 CTCL patients have been initially treated; 1/4 showed a complete remission, 1/4 did not answer to the therapy and 1/2 showed a clinical improvement without complete remission. The best responders were patients in erythrodermic stage, particularly when photopheresis had been started early. The association with methotrexate induced a complete clinical remission in the cases with a partial answer to photopheresis. The average survival of patients treated with photopheresis was around 50 weeks in comparison with the Mycosis Fungoides Study Group data reporting for the same type of patients a 30 weeks survival using conventional therapies. Photopheresis has been recently used in the rejection control after heart transplantation and in the treatment of AIDS and several autoimmune diseases as pemphigus, sclerodermia, rheumatoid arthritis, LES. The preliminary therapeutic results are very encouraging for a larger use of photopheresis in the treatment of T cell mediated diseases. | |
| 1808478 | [Early functional and anatomic results after total condylar knee prosthesis implantation]. | 1991 | The results of total knee replacement in 30 patients have been analyzed. Total knees were implanted during 1990, and the shortest follow-up time after the operations amounted to 6 months. All 30 total condylar prosthesis were of Insall-Burstein posterior stabilized design. The average age of the operated patients was 61 years. Osteoarthritis caused serious knee damage in 21 patients and was the indication for the operation; in 7 patients it was rheumatoid arthritis; in 1 patient synovitis villonodularis; and severe posttraumatic osteoarthrosis in 1 patient. In 18 patients axial knee deformity was noted prior to operation in the sense of valgus or varus. The continuous passive motion machine was used in the postoperative treatment of all patients. Clinically acceptable results were obtained in 90%. Wound healing complications were noted in 2 patients. Full axial deformity correction was achieved in all the patients with a full extension and flexion of over 90 degrees in the operated knees. Preliminary results after the implantation of this type of prosthesis are very encouraging and justify it's further routine use. | |
| 1666002 | Unicompartmental replacement with the Marmor Modular knee: operative procedure and results | 1991 Fall | Unicompartmental arthroplasty using the Marmor Modular knee was performed in 27 knees of 24 patients--three men and 21 women--aged 51-82 years (average age 68.9 years). The disease was osteoarthritis in 19 knees, steroid arthropathy in two knees, Charcot joint in three knees, and rheumatoid arthritis in three knees. Medial replacement was done in 24 knees and lateral replacement in three knees. Follow-up was from 2-7 years (average 4 years 9 months). Post-operatively, 14 knees were reported to be free of pain and 11 only occasionally mildly painful. Walking distance improved to more than 1 km in 17 patients. The knee score improved from 40.4 to 72.2 points (p less than 0.01). Complications included two knees with loosening due to postoperative limb malalignment; there were no instances of infection or fracture. | |
| 2388206 | Analysis of a pediatric rheumatology clinic population. | 1990 Jun | This analysis evaluates the role of a pediatric rheumatology clinic in assessing children with suspected rheumatic diseases and establishes relative disease frequencies in a clinic population. The study population comprised 875 children referred to a pediatric rheumatology clinic serving a population of 290,000 children. The mean annual referral rate was 113 patients. A diagnosis was established in 580 (66%) of whom 337 (58%) had a rheumatic disease. Of those with a rheumatic disease 156 (46%) had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 104 (31%) a spondyloarthropathy, 62 (18%) a connective tissue/collagen vascular disorder and 15 (5%) a variety of other conditions. Of the 243 diagnosed as having a nonrheumatic disease 79 (33%) had a mechanical or traumatic cause for musculoskeletal symptoms, 33 (14%) had an infection, 15 (6%) a neoplastic disorder and 71 (29%) a variety of other disorders. In addition, 45 children (19%) were evaluated because of family histories of rheumatic diseases or questionably abnormal symptoms or signs; after evaluation all these children were considered to be normal. The remaining group comprised 295 subjects (34%) for whom a definite diagnosis has not been made. In addition to diagnosing and caring for children with rheumatic disorders a pediatric rheumatology clinic serves to identify nonrheumatic conditions and provides information concerning relative frequencies and epidemiologic characteristics of childhood rheumatic diseases. | |
| 2362097 | Familial occurrence of collagenous colitis. A report of two families. | 1990 Jun | Collagenous colitis is a rare condition characterized clinically by chronic diarrhea and histologically by a thickened subepithelial collagenous band in colonic biopsies in an endoscopically normal colon. Familial occurrence of collagenous colitis has to our knowledge never been described. Here we report two families in which two first-degree related members suffered from collagenous colitis. In one family, two sisters were affected by chronic diarrhea and autoimmune disorders such as thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and pernicious anemia. Collagenous colitis was diagnosed in one of these sisters, based on colonic biopsies. Colonic biopsies of the other sister showed microscopic colitis. Review of colonic biopsies of this patient taken 11 years earlier, however, showed definite histological features of collagenous colitis. In the other family, in a father and son, both with diarrhea for several years but not suffering from any other diseases, a diagnosis of collagenous colitis was made on colonic biopsies. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing showed that only the HLA A2 antigen was present in all 4 patients. | |
| 2160818 | The activation of gold complexes by cyanide produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes--II. | 1990 Jun 1 | Experiments have been conducted to investigate a possible mechanism which might explain why aurothiomalate (Autm), a gold complex used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, is active in vivo but not in vitro, by testing the hypothesis that Autm is converted to aurocyanide by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) which generate cyanide from thiocyanate, an anion which is present in plasma at concentrations ranging from 20 to 200 microM. Two-stage experiments were conducted in which PMN, in the first stage, were activated by opsonized zymosan in the presence of Autm both with and without thiocyanate. Then, in the second stage, the effect of the drugs on superoxide (O2-) production stimulated by a further addition of zymosan was measured. Autm at concentrations of 10 and 100 microM decreased O2- production if thiocyanate was present, but not if it was absent. By contrast, preformed aurocyanide at 10 and 100 microM decreases O2- production by PMN stimulated by opsonized zymosan both in the presence and absence of thiocyanate. Changes in the ultraviolet spectra of the supernatants of PMN indicated that aurocyanide was formed by activated PMN in the presence of thiocyanate but not in its absence. | |
| 1692671 | A method for the quantitation of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) in biological fluids using a | 1990 Mar | An improved method for the detection and quantitation of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) (HA) in biological fluids is described. The principle on which the method is based is that HA binds strongly to a biotinylated HA-binding protein (B-HABP) which was prepared from cartilage proteoglycans. HA was immobilized on polyvinyl chloride plates which had been precoated with poly-L-lysine. The unknown sample or HA standards together with excess B-HABP are then added. The B-HABP that binds to the immobilized HA is then incubated with the enzyme-conjugated avidin (e.g., alkaline phosphatase), and the color which develops on addition of enzyme substrate (e.g., p-nitrophenyl phosphate) is determined by light absorption using a microtitration plate reader. The assay is not only convenient and reliable but is capable of measuring HA in solution at the picogram level. The assay was used to determine HA levels in human sera and synovial fluid taken from volunteers and patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. | |
| 2317115 | Influence of indomethacin on extracellular calcium homeostasis. | 1990 Feb | Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a generalised loss of bone mass. One of the factors that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this bone loss is the chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs are known to increase gastrointestinal permeability and may thus influence the absorption of calcium; they may also influence glomerular filtration rate and the renal excretion of calcium; in addition, NSAIDs may inhibit osteoblast function as well as osteoclastic bone resorption. Calcium homeostasis was studied in eight healthy volunteers during eight days' treatment with 150 mg indomethacin daily. No changes in serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were found. The creatinine clearance and the urinary excretion of phosphorus and sodium did not change, but a decrease in calcium excretion was noted (mean (SEM) calcium/creatinine excretion 0.52 (0.05) v 0.28 (0.06)). This decrease is probably due to renal retention of calcium. Whether this decrease of urinary calcium excretion has a positive or a negative effect on bone is presently unknown. | |
| 2373270 | Chemiluminescence by polymorphonuclear leucocyte subpopulations in chronic inflammatory bo | 1990 | Chemiluminescence (CL) is a simple quantitative assay of polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) oxidative metabolism. PMNL CL was found to be significantly higher in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease than in normal controls (167 +/- 60 vs. 139 +/- 50 mV/10(5) cells, p less than 0.05). There were no significant differences between patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Disease controls with rheumatoid arthritis and with bronchiectasis also demonstrated elevated CL. These results were obtained using a two-step gelatin/Ficoll-Hypaque procedure for PMNL separation. However when PMNLs were prepared using a one-step Ficoll-Hypaque procedure PMNL CL was found to be depressed in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD). It was demonstrated that this disparity was caused by the elimination of low-density neutrophils with high CL production by the one-step procedure. These data indicate that reports of abnormal in vitro neutrophil function in CIBD should be interpreted with caution since separation techniques which are satisfactory in normal individuals may significantly influence results in patients with inflammatory diseases. Furthermore these data indicate the presence of a subpopulation of activated low-density PMNL in patients with CIBD. | |
| 2180646 | The use of recombinant human erythropoietin in humans. | 1990 | Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) has now been in clinical trials for over three years. It has been shown to be nearly uniformly effective in correcting the anaemia of patients on haemodialysis or patients with progressive chronic renal failure not yet on dialysis. Preliminary results indicate that rhEPO is effective in increasing the ability of individuals to donate blood for self-use and early trials have shown the drug to increase the haematocrit in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Trials in patients with anaemia associated with cancer or myelodysplastic syndromes are warranted. rhEPO will have a major impact as a therapeutic, particularly in patients with renal disease. | |
| 1972848 | Serum-soluble interleukin 2 receptor in psoriasis. Failure to reflect clinical improvement | 1990 | Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a T-cell growth factor produced by activated T cells. The cellular receptor for IL-2 is also expressed on activated T cells and one of its component molecules can be shed from the cell and measured as a soluble protein (sIL-2R). Blood levels of sIL-2R can be used to monitor in vivo immune activation and have been shown to correlate with clinical disease activity in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and atopic eczema. The present study shows that serum sIL-2R levels are raised in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. These elevated serum levels were maintained during successful treatment of the skin lesions with topical tar preparations. This is in contrast to atopic eczema where serum sIL-2R levels fall with treatment and may indicate that topical treatment of psoriasis does not correct the underlying state of immune activation, even when resolution of the skin plaques is achieved. | |
| 2781009 | Hypertrophy of C-1 anterior arch: useful sign to distinguish os odontoideum from acute den | 1989 Oct | Dens fractures are often difficult to detect radiographically because of overlapping structures. The lateral radiographs were examined of all patients at the authors' institution who demonstrated an abnormal odontoid process or an abnormal anterior arch of C-1. Six patients were found: Four had os odontoideum, one had rheumatoid arthritis, and one had a congenital defect in the posterior arch of C-1. All had hypertrophy of the C-1 anterior arch on the lateral view. The width of the anterior arch of C-1 and the cortical thickness of the anterior arch in these six patients were measured and compared with the findings in a control group of 20 patients; the measurements from the six patients were found to be significantly greater. Hypertrophy of the anterior arch of C-1 is a useful sign of a chronic pathologic condition at the atlantoaxial articulation, and in the setting of acute trauma it may be an important clue that prevents unnecessary invasive treatment for a mistaken diagnosis of fractured dens. |