Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 532720 | Ultrastructural studies in rheumatoid polyneuropathy. | 1979 | The biopsy material from the sural nerve of 8 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and showing, with one exception, positive serological reactions, were studied by means of electron microscopy. All the patients were displaying sensory and sensomotor neuropathy. Besides hypermyelination the damage of Schwann cells, the destruction on unmyelinated fibres and the proliferation and degeneration of the vascular endothelium were observed. No inflammatory signs were seen around the peri- and endoneurial vessels. | |
| 6213032 | Relationship between HLA-DR-expressing cells and T lymphocytes of different subsets in rhe | 1981 May | An immunohistochemical double staining technique was used to study the relationships between HLA-DR-expressing, mostly macrophage-like cells, and different populations of T lymphocytes in frozen sections of synovial tissue from patients with inflammatory joint disease, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. Substantial T-lymphocyte infiltration as measured by Leu 1 antibody binding was found, especially adjacent to HLA-DR-expressing cells near the synovial cavity and around small vessels. Most of the T cells reacted with Leu 3a ('helper/inducer'-cell-specific) antibodies, whereas relatively few cells were Leu 2a ('cytotoxic/suppressor' T-cell-specific)-positive. | |
| 6785202 | 'Managing' the immune system with total lymphoid irradiation. | 1981 Jun | Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI), which in the past was limited to the treatment of malignant disease, is now emerging as a practical technique in the management of unwanted immune reactions in the areas of transplant tolerance and various autoimmune diseases. Current studies are particularly promising for application of TLI in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus nephritis. | |
| 7089467 | [Concentration of gold in macrophages of the bone marrow in rheumatic diseases subjected t | 1982 Mar 25 | Ultrastructural investigation of bone marrow cells of histiocytic lineage to determine the presence of microcrystals containing gold was carried out in 12 patients. Eleven patients had classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis and one had palindromic rheumatism; the duration of these diseases ranged from 6 months to 10 years. Two patients had never received chrysotherapy and therefore served as controls. The remaining 10 patients had been treated with sodium aurothiopropanolsulfonate for periods ranging from 1 week to 4 years and 4 months without any clinical signs of laboratory findings--hematological changes in particular--of drug intolerance. No crystalline structures could be found in the 2 controls or in the patient who had just begun treatment. Conversely, in the 9 other patients, the lysozymes of bone marrow macrophages contained needle-like microcrystals containing one atom of gold for two atoms of sulfur, i.e. identical in proportion to the injected product. For equivalent total doses, deposits appeared to be equally numerous regardless of the time span between the last injection and the sampling (2-21 months). These crystals were present in the bone marrow several years after the beginning of chrysotherapy. The actual mechanism of their precipitation remains unknown at present. | |
| 6352849 | Immunoelectron microscopic study of the distribution of T cell subsets in rheumatoid synov | 1983 Oct 1 | The perivascular mononuclear cell collections of the rheumatoid synovium were examined both at the light and electron microscopic level by an immunoperoxidase staining technique using monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell subsets. These accumulations were variable in composition and size, not only in specimens from different patients but in the same specimen. Some areas (lymphocyte-rich areas) contained mainly small lymphocytes in clusters and others (transitional areas) contained blast cells, macrophages, and plasma cells in addition to lymphocytes. The percentage of T4 staining cells correlated positively and the percentage of T8 staining cells correlated negatively with the percentage of lymphocytes in any given area. In contrast, the percentage of T4 cells correlated negatively and the percentage of T8 cells correlated positively with the percentage of macrophage-like cells in these areas. Approximately 80% of the total lymphocytes, both in the lymphocyte-rich areas and transitional areas, were T lymphocytes (OKT3 staining). In lymphocyte-rich areas, helper/inducer T lymphocytes (OKT4 staining) were predominent over suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes (OKT8 staining), and in such areas the mean T4:T8 ratio was 2.9. Macrophage-like cells were seen only in small numbers in this type of area. In the transitional areas, suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes (OKT8 staining) predominated over helper/inducer lymphocytes (OKT4 staining). In such areas the mean T4:T8 ratio was 0.8. The T8 cells in the transitional areas tended to be large in size and often had a blastic appearance, and the abundant macrophage-like cells infiltrating these areas were frequently in close contact with T8 lymphocytes. These findings indicate that the ratio of T4 to T8 lymphocytes in rheumatoid synovium varies with the type of area examined. In lymphocyte-rich collections, made up largely of quiescent small lymphocytes, T4 cells are predominant. In areas of apparent immunological reactivity, T8 cells are predominant. It is suggested that T8 cells proliferate in immunologically active areas of the synovium as a result of local stimulation of a T cell-mediated immune response. | |
| 6864690 | Necrotizing vasculitis as the initial manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. | 1983 Apr | A 64-year-old Black woman presented with high titer serum rheumatoid factor (RF), pelvic girdle weakness, sensory mononeuropathy, pulmonary fibrosis, and muscle histologic evidence of small artery necrotizing vasculitis. High dose corticosteroid therapy was followed by clinical improvement and reduction in serum RF titer. Four years later, and 9 months after discontinuance of corticosteroids, she developed an inflammatory polyarthritis, recurrent muscle weakness, and left foot drop, concomitantly with circulating immune complexes and extremely high titer serum RF. Necrotizing vasculitis is a distinctly rare presenting manifestation of rheumatoid disease. | |
| 603171 | [Pyrithioxine: a new basic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Open study of 60 cases with | 1977 Dec | Pyrithioxine, a chemical compound with several points in common with penicillinamine, was used for six months as the basic treatment in a series of 60 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, in a dose of 600 mg per day. The results were favourable in 60 per cent of cases, with a marked fall in articular index, a return to normal of sedimentation rate and, less commonly, negativisation of the Rose-Waaler reaction. Side effects were essentially cutaneo-mucosal (pruitus, rash) and necessitated the interruption of treatment in 16.5 per cent of cases. No complications were seen. Compared with penicillinamine, pyrithioxine appears to be less effective but better tolerated. The place of this new basic drug in the basic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis remains to be precisely determined. | |
| 6709325 | Conjunctival resection for the treatment of the rheumatoid corneal ulceration. | 1984 Feb | Conjunctival resection is an effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of a marginal furrow associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Rapid reepithelialization was observed following this procedure for the treatment of five such stromal ulcers that occurred in three rheumatoid patients. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was diagnosed in two of these patients. In four of five ulcers, minimal healing resulted from a prior trial of patching. Conjunctival resection was performed as the primary therapeutic procedure in one case in which perforation seemed possible. A literature review uncovered an additional nine such ulcers in six rheumatoid patients treated by conjunctival resection. In each case corneal healing was observed soon after the procedure. No recurrences were reported on 4- to 24-month follow-ups. This procedure has proven to be effective in each of our rheumatoid corneal ulcers and in each of the case reports in the literature. It would appear to work more reliably than subconjunctival heparin, topical anticollagenases, or immunosuppression. Conjunctival resection is a simple minor room procedure performed under topical anesthesia. It carries minimal risk for the patient. The early use of this technique for rheumatoid stromal ulcers is advocated, especially when the area of ulceration is extensive, when the stromal loss is progressive, and when stromal reserve is minimal. Early conjunctival resection can shorten the hospital stay, and in more severe cases could prevent perforation. Based on successful treatment in a combined total of 14 peripheral rheumatoid corneal ulcerations, the authors believe conjunctival resection should have a more prominent place in the treatment of this condition. | |
| 671431 | Rheumatoid and normal synovial tissue in longterm culture. Evidence of cell heterogeneity | 1978 Summer | Longtern monolayer cultures of cells derived from explants of 21 normal and 31 rheumatoid synovial tissue specimens were studied and shown to be morphologically heterogeneous. The cultures were defined according to their cell size and their buoyant density as determined by separation on Ficoll density gradients. The investigations demonstrate that changes in these populations occurred with each passage of the cell lines. These findings emphasize the importance of using cultures of the same cultural age and passage for any comparative s tudy. The techniques described are useful for separating and defining the populations present in synovial tissue tissue cultures. | |
| 6639694 | On the design of the Phase III drug trial. The example of rheumatoid arthritis. | 1983 Nov | No new drug can be marketed in the United States unless a favorable risk-benefit ratio has been demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Food and Drug Administration. Inspection of the fashion in which this is accomplished with reference to rheumatoid arthritis reveals shortcomings in form and substance. Ten issues of design are isolated and options discussed. One design suggested, as a compromise, is 2 20-center trials to supplant late Phase II and Phase III trials. At each center a single investigator evaluates at least a 10-subject, highly selected cohort over 6 months in a 2-drug or a 2-drug plus placebo double-blind format. The active drug versus active drug component of the program will be pivotal in analysis. Advantages include expedience, lower cost, effective detection of short-term stratum-specific toxicity and of investigator bias, and absence of compromise in beta error. With such data and with emphasis on the beta error, the risk-benefit judgment will be more meaningful. Formalized Phase IV monitoring is proposed to detect infrequent or delayed toxicities. | |
| 7310202 | [Clinical results of synovectomy for rheumatoid wrist compared with the opposite side (aut | 1981 Jun | In the preoperative state, there were similar local findings on both sides of the wrist joint involved by rheumatoid arthritis in the roentgenogram. Synovectomy was performed on the one side of the wrist joint. Thirty six cases were compared with untreated controls and evaluated annually for eight years. From the roentgenological point of view, both wrists have almost similarly taken a turn for the worse. In spite of synovectomy, prevention of joint destruction has been unsuccessful. In the operated wrists it was due to ROM and pronation-supination which significantly improved wrist joint function. Although this improved level has been favorably maintained, there was a decline in dorsipalmar flexion and radio-ulnar flexion year after year. The results in the operated wrists were adequately better than the untreated wrists. Relief of pain was reported as follows: 94.4% : 2 years after the operation 84.8% : 4 years 81.3% : 6 years 80.0% : 8 years Synovectomy was followed by significantly less pain and satisfaction of treatment as reported by most patients. However analgetic effects of early synovectomy that was performed was ineffective and prevention of the destruction of joints roentgenologically met with negative results. The validity and the permanency of this synovectomy study was proved by the comparative evaluations made between the treated wrist joints and the untreated wrist joints, and also by the established clinical results. | |
| 4114648 | Restrictions among heavy and light chain determinants of granulocyte-specific antinuclear | 1972 Jul | In fifty-five rheumatoid arthritis sera with positive granulocyte-specific antinuclear factors (GS-ANF) tests were made to further characterize these antibodies. All sera contained GS-ANF of the IgG class and most of the sera also of the IgM and IgA classes, whereas only about 10 per cent of the sera contained GS-ANF of the IgD class. Most of the sera contained GS-ANF carrying both κ and λ light chain determinants, but in five cases only one of the light chain subclasses could be found. The distribution of the GS-ANF among the four subclasses of IgG showed marked variations. From one to three subclasses could be lacking or noticeably depressed. There was no predominance of any one or two subclasses. Complement (C(3)) fixing properties correlated with GS-ANF of the IgG(1) and/or IgG(3) subclasses. These properties make the GS-ANF interesting as possible pathogenic factors in rheumatoid arthritis. Some evidence is presented that the GS-ANF may be directed against several different antigens in the polymorphonuclear granulocyte nuclei. | |
| 620214 | Scleritis and associated disease. | 1978 Jan 14 | One hundred patients (66 women and 34 men) who presented consecutively to Moorfields Eye Hospital with scleral disease underwent medical examination. Thirteen were found to have seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and another 16 also had rheumatoid factor present (Rheumaton test). Autoantibodies were present in 35% of patients, being most common in the elderly and most frequent in cases of necrotising and diffuse scleritis. Although scleral disease is uncommon, it is associated with connective-tissue disorders. Scleritis may be severe and destructive locally, and one series showed that 27% of patients who develop necrotising scleritis are dead from systemic complications within five years. It is therefore important for it to be correctly diagnosed and effectively treated at an early stage. | |
| 7086866 | Impact of intensive education and interaction with health professionals on patient instruc | 1982 Jul | The use of patients as instructors in teaching medical students and physicians the musculoskeletal examination has proven to be an effective method of learning. However, the effect on the patient instructors (PIs) of their intensive training and the numerous physical examinations made of them has been unknown. In this study, eight patients with stable rheumatoid arthritis were given the Taylor-Johnson Temperament Assessment (TJTA) when they were recruited as PIs and every six months thereafter for two years. Individual interviews focusing on the changes taking place in the patient instructors' lives were also conducted. Three PIs left the program early in their training. Observed changes in TJTA scores were frequently positive for the five who remained in the study. Interview results indicate positive changes in terms of confidence, competence, and emotional stability. All five PIs have continued in their role as PIs and have also expanded into other responsibilities. It is concluded that the patient instructor program was certainly not harmful to the individual PIs and, in fact, was mostly beneficial to them as well as to physicians and medical students. | |
| 605363 | Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by cells eluted from synovial tissues of patients | 1977 | Cell suspensions containing an average of 78% lymphocytes were obtained from synovial tissues of 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 10 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. These cells were shown to mediate cytotoxicity against 51Cr-labeled chicken erythrocytes sensitized with a rabbit anti-chicken erythrocyte antiserum. Nylon column filtration of the cells increased the proportion of lymphocytes and usually also the cytotoxicity, which suggested that at least some of the effector cells were lymphocytes. The cytotoxic activity of the cells obtained from rheumatoid synovial tissue was always lower than that obtained with the patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes. No significant change in cytotoxicity of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed after these cells had been treated in the same manner as the rheumatoid synovial tissues. | |
| 1088165 | Lymphopenia in Sjögren's syndrome with rheumatoid arthritis: relationship to lymphocytoto | 1976 Dec | Lymphocyte subpopulation studies in 21 patients with Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis revealed an absolute lymphopenia and a normal percentage of T- and SIg-cells. In one patient, a large percentage of lymphocytes bore both IgG and IgM; after cell trypsinization only IgM was resynthesized. This surface IgM was capable of binding human IgG, suggesting that the presence of multiple classes of immunoglobulins on the surface of these lymphocytes was due to surface rheumatoid factor activity. Profound lymphopenia was associated with high concentrations of cryoglobulins and the presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies. These antibodies were broadly reactive, causing cytotoxicity of T- and SIg-cells from normal subjects, from viral and lymphoproliferative disease subjects, from different organs, and SIg-cells from human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Lymphocyte transformation after phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen stimulation was impaired in comparison to normal subjects. Warm washing of the lymphocytes and purification to greater than 80 per cent T-cells did not restore mitogen responsiveness to normal, suggesting that cell coating by an antibody and diminished responder cell number were inadequate explanations for the impaired transformation. | |
| 241598 | The influence of alclofenac treatment on acute-phase proteins, plasma tryptophan, and eryt | 1975 | Alclofenac and D-penicillamine were compared under controlled, double-blind conditions in the treatment of 35 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis over a period of 26 weeks. The principal aim of the study was to investigate any relationships between changes in clinical status and changes in concentrations of three serum acute-phase proteins (fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin), plasma free and protein-bound L-tryptophan, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Both alclofenac and D-penicillamine were clearly effective: all patients showed steady improvement on the seven clinical indices of response employed. Drug management was easiest with alclofenac. Both drugs produced a significant reduction in acute-phase proteins, E.S.R. and protein-bound plasma tryptophan. Since it has previously been established that the course of rheumatoid arthritis is reflected in the acute-phase protein levels and the extent to which L-tryptophan is bound to plasma protein, it is suggested that drugs, such as D-penicillamin and alclofenac which profoundly affect these parameters, provide not only symptomatic relief but also possible beneficial effects on the disease process itself. | |
| 3933523 | Lack of correlation between blood gold concentrations and clinical response in patients wi | 1985 Nov | We investigated the correlation between whole blood gold concentrations and clinical outcomes in 59 auranofin-treated patients and 51 gold sodium thiomalate-treated patients who completed a 21-week, placebo-controlled, multicenter parallel trial. Whole blood gold concentrations did not correlate with clinical outcome, as assessed by changes in joint tenderness, joint swelling, or Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate. They also did not correlate with toxic reactions necessitating withdrawal from the study. | |
| 6816612 | The effect of lymphokines on proliferation and collagen synthesis of cultured human synovi | 1982 Oct | Human mononuclear cell supernatants were obtained by incubating 3 X 10(6) cells per ml of Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium at 37 degrees C for 24 h or 48 h, either in presence or absence of phytohaemagglutinin. After removal of intact cells, the supernatants were dialysed and diluted (1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:10) again using the above medium. The diluted supernatants, containing a final concentration of 10% (v/v) human platelet-factor poor serum, were found to stimulate the proliferation of human synovial cells in culture and to increase both the total amount of collagen and the percentage of Type III collagen synthesized by these cells. Incubation of the mononuclear cells in presence of phytohaemagglutinin appeared to further enhance the stimulatory effects of the supernatants upon the synovial cells. Since activated mononuclear leucocytes such as lymphocytes and macrophages are present in rheumatoid synovia, this study suggests that factors released from activated mononuclear leucocytes may play an important role in the proliferation of rheumatoid synovial tissue and development of the pannus. | |
| 6737113 | Post-mortem prevalence of lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrymal gland: a comparative st | 1984 May | The prevalence of focal lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrymal gland was investigated in 131 autopsy cases, 115 without and 16 with autoimmune diseases (nine cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, three of rheumatoid arthritis and four of Sjögren's syndrome). Focal lymphocytic infiltration was observed in 63.5 per cent of patients without autoimmune diseases and in all of those with autoimmune diseases. In those without autoimmune diseases, the frequency of lymphocytic infiltration was higher among those older than 40 years, and there was no sex difference in prevalence. The incidence of moderate or severe infiltration (grade III or IV) was 7.8 per cent in patients without autoimmune diseases; 55.6 per cent in systemic lupus erythematosus; 66.7 per cent in rheumatoid arthritis; and 100 per cent in Sjögren's syndrome. The present observation suggests that focal lymphocytic infiltration is indicative of an immunological disorder of the lacrymal gland in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Epimyoepithelial island formation was observed in only one patient with Sjögren's syndrome. |