Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 343743 | Multicenter comparison of naproxen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis. | 1978 Mar | In a double-blind, crossover study, naproxen, 250 mg twice a day, naproxen, 500 mg taken at bedtime, and indomethacin, 25 mg four times a day, were compared in 132 patients with rheumatoid arthritis; six centers participated in the study. Objective indices of arthritis activity, such as number of clinically active joints, walking time, and duration of morning stiffness, were nearly identical for the three treatment regimens. Of particular interest was the observation that efficacy of a single daily dose of naproxen was comparable to that of the twice-daily dosage. Naproxen was better tolerated than indomethacin, as shown by a statistically significant difference in the incidence of CNS complaints. | |
| 1102259 | Clinical evaluation of two daily doses of naproxen and indomethacin: result of a double-bl | 1975 | A double-blind crossover clinical trial is reported on the effects of naproxen in two doses, 500 mg. and 750 mg. daily, and 100 mg. indomethacin daily in 23 patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis, each drug being given for 1 week. The results show that there was little to choose between the drugs and that there was clinical equivalence between the two doses of naproxen. Radioactive pertechnetate (99mTc) joint uptakes were depressed by both naproxen and indomethacin, indicating anti-inflammatory effect. | |
| 1081729 | Evaluation of serum thymic hormone and of circulating T cells in rheumatoid arthritis and | 1975 | The presence of a serum factor secreted by the thymus has been demonstrated in the serum of mice and man using a rosette inhibition assay. This factor is a peptide with a molecular weight close to 1,000. Its level is age dependent, being stable until the age of 6 months in mice and until 20 years in man. New Zealand Black mice show a premature cessation of thymic hormone secretion preceeding the onset of other T cell abnormalities and auto-immunity. Before any treatment the serum thymic hormone level is abnormally low in most cases of SLE even in patients under 25, an age where control subjects still show high hormone levels. Conversely, normal or high levels are found in RA, PARTICularly in patients over 40 who showed in 60% of cases a hormone level significantly higher than normal controls of the same age. In keeping with this data T cells evaluated by SRBC spontaneous rosette formation show low figures in some patients with active SLE and normal or high values in most cases of RA. | |
| 6981214 | The epidemiology of rheumatic disease in a rural and an urban population over the age of 6 | 1982 Sep 11 | The prevalence of rheumatic disease in subjects over 65 years of age was measured in a rural and an urban population in the Western Cape by means of a questionnaire and a clinical/radiological investigation. The completion rates were 88% and 85% for the rural and the urban groups respectively. Recall of previous arthritis/backache and shoulder pain/shoulder disease and osteo-arthrosis was more frequent in the urban population, and osteoporosis occurred with equal frequency in both populations. The relevance of these findings is discussed in terms of their actual and potential impact on the treatment of elderly persons. | |
| 7377860 | Effect of homologous synovial membrane on adult human articular cartilage in organ culture | 1980 Feb | Adult human articular cartilage has been maintained in organ culture for 8 days, and the culture medium, which was changed on alternate days, was pooled. Normal and rheumatoid cartilage was obtained from patients and 4 types of culture were prepared: (1) cartilage alone; (2) cartilage + D-penicillamine; (3) cartilage + homologous synovium; (4) cartilage, synovium, and D-penicillamine. The hexosamines and hexuronic acid were measured in the cartilage explants and in the medium. The quantity released was divided by the amount measured in the original cartilage explant and the different culture variables were compared. D-penicillamine did not alter the release of cartilage proteoglycan, but the addition of synovium did. The rheumatoid cartilage released significantly more proteoglycan than normal cartilage whether or not homologous synovium was present. | |
| 7350126 | Early rheumatoid-like joint lesions in rabbits injected with foreign serum or milk protein | 1980 | The presence of circulating IgE-like antibody was found not to enhance the induction of joint lesions, of moderate or greater intensity, by intravenous injection of bovine serum, but did make mild joint lesions more frequent. There was a positive correlation between increased white cell effusion into the joint fluid and joint lesions of moderate or greater intensity. Different breeds of rabbit were shown to produce different incidences of lesions suggesting a genetic influence on the development of rheumatoid-like joint lesions. The Old English breed was found to be particularly sensitive. | |
| 96843 | Genetics of complement deficiencies associated with lupus-like syndromes. | 1978 Jun | There appears to be an association between deficiencies of a number of complement components, particularly of the second component (C2), and rheumatic diseases, especially lupus. The meaning of this association is not clear, but the linkage of deficiency of C2 with HLA, especially HLA-A10, B18, Dw2, as well as with BfS, suggests a possible linkage to immune response genes. | |
| 790553 | Ketoprofen in rheumatoid arthritis: its tolerance and therapeutic effect. | 1976 | Four studies on ketoprofen [2-(3 Benzoylphenyl) propionic acid, 19583 R.P., Orudis, Profenid N.D.] have been carried out to establish whether it is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Firstly a comprehensive open clinical and biological monitoring study was undertakin in 11 patients who received ketoprofen for an average period of 20 months without any serious or persistent adverse clinical reaction or adverse change in standard laboratory investigations. The second study involved the same patients who were also included in an ophthalmic screening study for drug toxicity. This established that no eye abnormalities attributable to ketoprofen occurred during this period of treatment. These tolerance studies were then followed by two comparative double-blind cross-over trials of ketoprofen in 117 patients with "definite" rheumatoid arthritis. One of them confirmed the significantly superior analgesic effect compared with placebo and showed that the incidence of adverse reactions was similar. The other trial showed that comparing ketoprofen 150 mg daily and indomethacin 100 mg daily the clinical effects of the two drugs were the same in 8 out of 10 indices. Only in severity of pain and rescue drug count was there a significant difference favouring indomethacin. Adverse reactions were more frequent with indomethacin despite prior exclusion from the study of patients known to be intolerant of indomethacin. It was concluded that on this evidence ketoprofen is a clinically active and well tolerated drug which should be valuable in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. | |
| 2858180 | A rheumatological dilemma: is it possible to modify the course of rheumatoid arthritis? Ca | 1985 Feb | The question 'Does the use of second-line therapy confer long-term benefit on outcome measures in rheumatoid arthritis?' remains unanswered. The major obstacle which prevents collection of the necessary data is the lack of a suitable control group. In this report experience with three 'second-line placebo groups' is described, and previous studies in the literature which incorporated a placebo group are reviewed. In the absence of concurrent corticosteroid therapy very few patients remain on placebo second-line medication after one year. Those that do, appear to have milder disease and are not representative of the group as a whole. Data on outcome measures need to be collected over two to five years, but the answer to the question which is posed does not depend upon larger and larger placebo groups which constitute increasing bias. To define the extent of benefit offered by the more powerful therapeutic agents a novel approach in regard to drug assessment will be required. | |
| 7021070 | Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with flurbiprofen: a comparison with enteric-coated aspi | 1981 | Forty patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were entered for 3 months in a double-blind trial, 20 patients each on 200 mg flurbiprofen or 4.0 g enteric-coated aspirin daily. Statistically significant improvements (Page Test, p less than 0.05) on flurbiprofen were reported during the course of the study for 7 out of 20 parameters: degree of pain, duration of morning stiffness, grip strength, torquometer, Ritchie articular index, number of swollen joints and patient's overall assessment, while for aspirin a significant improvement was reported for 5 parameters: degree of pain, PIP joint size, Ritchie articular index and physician's overall assessment. The amount of improvement between flurbiprofen and enteric-coated aspirin differed significantly (Kruskal-Wallis H Test) only for 2 parameters: Ritchie articular index and number of swollen joints. In both cases the degree of improvement was greater on flurbiprofen than an aspirin. Side-effects were reported for 7 patients receiving aspirin (2 of which were severe enough that treatment had to be stopped) and for 3 patients receiving flurbiprofen. Except for 2 cases of tinnitus on aspirin, the side-effects were mostly gastro-intestinal in nature. A significant decrease was found for patients receiving aspirin. A significant increase in blood urea occurred on flurbiprofen. Most values, however, remained within normal limits. The results suggests that flurbiprofen is better tolerated and at least as effective as enteric-coated aspirin in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | |
| 6684900 | Heat distribution over normal and abnormal joints: thermal pattern and quantification. | 1983 Oct | We have identified regular thermal patterns over normal knee, ankle, and elbow joints and demonstrate how synovitis affecting these joints may be identified by alteration or loss of the thermal pattern. Sixty healthy volunteers were thermographed on a total of 190 occasions, and 614 out of 618 joints conformed to the normal thermal pattern. Eighty-five patients with synovitis of at least one of the specified joints were thermographed on a total of 339 occasions, and 322 out of 1362 thermograms were abnormal. No joint with clinical evidence of synovitis had a normal thermal pattern. As temperature-based parameters have been found to show marked diurnal variation and relative frequency distributions do not have this drawback, we suggest that quantification of synovitis by thermography should in future be based on abnormalities of thermal pattern rather than absolute skin temperature values. | |
| 7310341 | Negotiation as an integral part of the physician's clinical reasoning. | 1981 Nov | Recent interest in the clinical process and its teaching has been based on research which has more clearly defined what actually happens. However, the way in which the physician interacts with the patient has not been given enough emphasis. It is proposed that the concept of negotiation be added to the other components of the physician's activity in clinical reasoning. Negotiation stresses the essential personal equality between physician and patient and the necessity for agreement between them about the problem and its management before the clinical encounter can be successful. Patients may negotiate directly or indirectly. This is dependent upon their perceived power of negotiation. The power to negotiate is at its strongest in the ambulatory patient and at its weakest in the patient who is admitted to the traditional university teaching center. It therefore behooves university teachers to negotiate meaningfully with the patient in the teaching center. This will ensure that students and residents observe negotiation as an important aspect of the clinical process, avoid learning it painfully, if at all, in practice. | |
| 85629 | Immunoglobulin carbohydrate requirement for formation of an IgG-IgG complex. | 1979 May 10 | In addition to their Fc oligosaccharides, some immunoglobulin molecules have oligosaccharides linked to variable segments of H or L chains. These Fab oligosaccharides are potential determinants of antibody specificity. This possibility was considered in a study of the IgG antiglobulin from a patient with IgG-IgG complexes. F(ab')2 fragments of the antiglobulin retained the ability to form complexes with normal IgG as detected by analytical ultracentrifugation. Removal of F(ab')2 sialic acids by neuraminidase abolished complex formation. Recombination experiments further localized antiglobulin activity to the L chains. Antiglobulin activity of the recombinant molecules was shown by analytical ultracentrifugation and by column chromatography with molecules containing 125I-labeled L chains. L chains from the subject's IgG were enriched in sialic acids. Thus, a sialic acid-containing oligosaccharide on the L chain of this antiglobulin is required for its binding action. | |
| 1259325 | Total knee replacement using the stabilized gliding prosthesis. | 1976 Jan | The stabilized gliding knee prosthesis has been designed as a compromise between the restrained hinged joints and the unconnected surface prostheses. It is a two-piece implant, allowing normal gliding movements of flexion and extension, and is stabilized by a rod between the femoral and tibial components which allows some lateral mobility and rotation while acting in place of the cruciate ligaments and in place of or in addition to the collateral ligaments. The indications for and the techniwue of implantation are described and the results of the first 53 operations are reported. Follow-up time is between 1 year and 2 1/2 years. The results of these operations using the stabilized gliding prosthesis are at least equal to those using hinged or condylar prostheses. So far there has been no case of loosening of either component, and the implant can be used successfully in patients in whom condylar prostheses fail owing to their lac of inbuilt stability. | |
| 6426923 | Auranofin. A preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in r | 1984 May | Auranofin is the first orally active gold compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Like other chrysotherapeutic agents, its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it probably acts via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Although long term clinical experience with auranofin is limited, its efficacy appears to approach that of sodium aurothiomalate. Further comparative studies with aurothioglucose, hydroxychloroquine and D-penicillamine are required before definitive statements can be made regarding the relative efficacy of auranofin and these agents. While patients have demonstrated clinical remission of rheumatoid arthritis in response to auranofin therapy, radiological studies have been inconclusive regarding its effect on the occurrence or progression of erosive lesions. Auranofin is relatively well tolerated in most patients, but diarrhoea, skin rash, and pruritus are sometimes troublesome, and thrombocytopenia and proteinuria are potentially serious side effects which may occur during therapy. Whereas mucocutaneous side effects are more frequent with injectable gold compounds, gastrointestinal reactions are the most common adverse effect seen with auranofin. The frequency of side effects has been similar with auranofin and sodium aurothiomalate, but they are generally less severe with auranofin. While some of the side effects are controlled by a reduction in dosage, temporary or permanent withdrawal of auranofin may be necessary. Auranofin is clearly a useful addition to the limited list of agents with disease-modifying potential presently available for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It will doubtless generate much interest as its final place in therapy becomes better defined through additional well-designed studies and wider clinical experience. | |
| 6705377 | Proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty. | 1984 May | Prosthetic implant arthroplasty of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint has a limited role in the reconstruction of the rheumatoid hand. Ninety-three PIP joint arthroplasties, including 56 Flatt, 30 Swanson, and seven Niebauer implants, were reviewed with postoperative follow-up periods averaging 6.2 years. The average maximum extension/flexion for the prostheses were Flatt, 28 degrees/45 degrees; Swanson, 1 degree/40 degrees; and Niebauer, 3 degrees/26 degrees. The average active ranges of motion for the prosthetic groups were Flatt, 15 degrees; Swanson, 37 degrees; and Niebauer, 19.5 degrees. Analysis of active motion at intervals of up to ten years indicated gradually decreasing active motion for each prosthesis. Comparison of preoperative motion with motion three years after operation indicated a decrease in the Flatt prosthesis group, from 35 degrees to 20 degrees. Radiographically, cortical perforation by the prosthesis was common with the Flatt prosthesis (80%), and recurrent swan-neck deformity was frequent with the Swanson spacer (27%). Despite suboptimal clinical results, patient satisfaction was high, and the ability of patients to perform activities of daily living was acceptable. | |
| 4048759 | A new assay for IgG rheumatoid factor activity and its use to analyse rheumatoid factor re | 1985 | A new assay for IgGRF activity is described which employs human IgGFc as the antigen and a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody directed against human IgG (CHI domain) as the developing antibody. Using this assay IgGRF activity against human IgG isotypes was measured and most sera from RA patients were shown to react predominantly with IgG1 and IgG2 but few reacted with IgG3 and IgG4. The same sera were tested for IgMRF to the IgG isotypes. IgG2 was the best antigen, IgG1 and IgG4 were less so and reactivity with IgG3 was the lowest. IgGRF without associated IgMRF was obtained, its specificity compared to that of IgMRF, and found to be broadly similar. With the new assay high levels of serum IgGRF were found in those RA patients with extraarticular disease but not in RA patients with synovitis alone. | |
| 6984082 | T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies in synovial fluid of patients | 1982 Nov | The proportion of T lymphocytes reacting with monoclonal antibodies to suppressor or helper T cell subsets and the proportion of T lymphocytes with Fc receptors for IgG or IgM were determined in synovial fluid and blood of 16 patients with rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The percentage of T cells reacting with monoclonal antibodies (Leu 2a or OKT 8) directed at the suppressor/cytotoxic T cell subpopulation, was significantly higher in synovial fluid than in blood of patients or healthy donors. Monoclonal antibodies (Leu 3a or OKT 4) with specificity for the helper T cell subpopulation, reacted with a lower percentage of synovial T cells than of blood T cells of patients or controls. This distribution pattern was found in patients with RA as well as in the other patients with chronic arthritis. The percentage of T cells with Fc-IgG receptors (TG cells) was much lower in synovial fluid than in blood of patients or controls. Thus, in synovial fluid the percentage of T cells reacting with monoclonal antibody to the suppressor/cytotoxic cell subset was fairly high (mean 45%) whereas the proportion of TG cells, considered to represent suppressor cells, was low (mean 4%). | |
| 364616 | Ketoprofen: double-blind cross-over study with indomethacin administered as a combined sup | 1978 | A double-blind cross-over study is being undertaken in fifty patients with "definite" rheumatoid arthritis, comparing ketoprofen (2-(3-phenylbenzoyl proprionic acid) 75 mg daily orally and 100 mg suppository at night with indomethacin in the same dosage. A pilot study of twenty-four patients has been completed, fifteen having finished the trial. The objective assessment of grip strength and articular index were comparable with the two drugs, but subjective assessment showed that relief of early morning stiffness was better with indomethacin, although pain relief was no different. Evidence so far available shows that ketoprofen is a useful anti-inflammatory analgesic drug which is well tolerated and that the use of a suppository may be helpful in a few patients who find the oral route unacceptable. A larger study is necessary to evaluate finally the use of a combined administration. | |
| 6159617 | Interpretation of synovial fluid data. | 1980 Sep | The routine battery of tests for synovial fluid analysis includes culture and Gram staining, polarizing microscopy, and total WBC and differential counts. If the volume of fluid collected is low, culture and polarizing microscopy have highest priority. Synovial fluid data are diagnostic in only two diseases: septic arthritis and crystal-induced arthritis. In traumatic arthritis, degenerative joint disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, synovial fluid data may provide evidence supporting the diagnosis. |