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PMID	Title	PublicationDate	abstract
7335767	[Detection of circulating immune complexes using polyethylene glycol. Its value in the the	1981 Oct	After a short exposition of the meaning and the technique for determination of immune complexes in circulating blood (after Hashkova, with polyethylene glycol) our first experience with phlebological patients is exposed. Positive reactions in a variety of cases (N = 122) includes atypical ulcus cruris, ulcerated vasculitis, Pyoderma gangrenosum, discoid lupus erythematodes, chronic rheumatoid polyarthritis (with, or without ulcus cruris), monoarthritis of the knee, pernicious anemia, chronic lymphedema (elephantiasis), some cases of sclerosis multiplex. In such positive cases the sedimentation rate of citrate blood may, or may not be elevated. Negative or uncertain reactions (below 10) were seen in 141 cases, in common's ulcus cruris cases, in vasculite nodulaire, in discopathy and most spondylarthroses and other arthrosis cases, in vasculite nodulaire, in discopathy and most spondylarthroses and other arthrosis cases, in various patients with rheumatoid complaints in coxarthrosis, osteoporosis and in a group of healthy young persons. Negative reactions were the rule in atherosclerotic and diabetic old persons with claudication or gangrene, in most dermatological cases, in necrobiosis lipoidica, in psoriasis, in postthrombotic phlebitis and in chronic rheumatism in a quiet stage. In vasculitis cases the reaction is often only slightly positive (between 10 and 20) but should be repeated as the values may vary. The determination of circulating immune complexes with polyethylenglycol is a useful screening method in the policlinic. Treatment is often directed in the right way sometimes prednisone, more often nivaquin (chloroquin) or other anti-inflammatory drugs and in pernicious anemia hepatotherapy can be of great help in the healing of complicated phlebological cases.
3907990	Acemetacin in the treatment of rheumatic diseases: an open, multi-centre trial.	1985	An open, multi-centre trial was carried out to assess the efficacy and tolerance of acemetacin in the treatment of patients suffering from various rheumatic diseases. The patients were treated by general practitioners for a maximum period of 6 weeks with a daily dose of 60 mg acemetacin 3-times daily. Assessments were made before, during and after treatment of pain parameters, joint function and swelling, and records kept of any adverse events reported. At the end of treatment, the physician made an overall assessment of response. Data from 760 patients were analyzed and showed 'very good' or 'good' improvement in 55% and 28.5% of patients, respectively. A relatively low percentage (16.3%) reported adverse events, which may or may not have been drug related, and there were few reports (10.7%) of gastric complaints. Twenty-seven (3.6%) patients withdrew from the study for reasons not specified.
7112030	Primary and secondary autoimmune thrombocytopenia. A serological and clinical analysis.	1982 Apr	In 357 thrombocytopenic patients, the autoimmune nature of the thrombocytopenia was established with the immunofluorescence test on paraformaldehyde-fixed platelets in suspension (PSIFT). In 142 patients, autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) was accompanied by (an)other disease(s) and thus classified as secondary AITP. No significant difference was found in the distribution of the immunochemical characteristics of the autoantibodies between primary and secondary AITP. The results of survival studies with 51Cr-labelled platelets and organ sequestration measurements in 7 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) indicated that platelets with IgM autoantibodies were sequestered mainly in the spleen. An increased incidence of AITP was seen at 5 to 10 years of age, in the 3rd decade and in the 6th and 7th decades of life. AITP was slightly more common life in females. The following groups of accompanying diseases in 142 AITP patients were distinguished: autoimmune diseases of the blood, malignant diseases of the blood, generalized and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, carcinoma and a miscellaneous group of diseases. No significant differences were found in the immunochemical properties of the autoantibodies between the various categories of disease. In 7 cases, AITP was preceded by an established viral disease, in 1 case by lepra and in another by a vaccination. The PSIFT was found to be a suitable test for diagnosing AITP not only in idiopathic thrombocytopenia, but also in thrombocytopenia associated with another disease.
3981523	Use of biofeedback training in treatment of Raynaud's disease and phenomenon.	1985 Feb	To assess biofeedback training in Raynaud's, we retrospectively reviewed 23 patients' records. Eleven had Raynaud's disease and 12 had Raynaud's phenomenon; 9 had recurrent digital ulcers. Patients demonstrated lower baseline digital temperatures than controls (p less than or equal to 0.001), patients with Raynaud's and scleroderma manifesting the lowest. After biofeedback training all patients elevated baseline temperatures. Patients with scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus had the greatest elevations. Improvement, both subjective (57%) and ulcers (44%), persisted one year after treatment. Four of 7 patients were capable of elevating digital temperatures within 5 min, 18 months after their last training session. These findings support biofeedback training as beneficial therapy in Raynaud's.
3006715	Synovial proliferative disorders: differential diagnosis.	1985	The proper treatment of synovial proliferative disorders depends on an accurate diagnosis and a knowledge of the natural history of these afflictions. A simple classification of the major synovial disorders with a brief general description of each, highlighting the prominent clinical features, is helpful. A thorough history and physical examination should enable the clinician to categorize the nature of the synovial disorder. Further evaluation and consultation can then be directed within the appropriate category. Radiologic, laboratory, and microscopic studies aid in arriving at a definitive diagnosis. Once a diagnosis has been established, therapy or further evaluation can be instituted.
322247	[Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by levamisole. First results].	1977 Mar	Twenty selected patients suffering from severe, long-standing rhumatoid arthritis (RA) not controlled by anti-inflammatory drugs (19 cases) and from disseminated lupus erythematosis (DLE) (1 case) were treated with levamisole. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: Group I comprised fourteen patients (13 RA and 1 DLE) treated continuously by levamisole 150 mg/day for 3 or 6 months then on an intermittent regime (150 mg/day-3 days per week). Group II comprised 6 RA patients treated on the intermittent regime from the beginning. In Group I, following average treatment of 9 months (5-12 months), clinical results assessed according to precise clinical criteria were favorable in 9 out of eleven cases. In the other 2 cases no change was noted. Side effects included reversible agranulocytosis in 9 cases, on 3 occasions this necessitated the discontinuation of treatment. A signifcant reduction in sedimentation rate was noticed in 5 cases out of eleven and in 3 patients the Rose-Waller test turned negative. A monoclonal disglobulinemia of IgG lambda appeared under treatment in 1 patient who was deficient in IgA. Skin tests carried out periodically showed a significant augmentation of the response to candida. Lymphocyte culture in the presence of mitogens gave highly variable results from one control to the other in the same subject, as well as in the treated subjects as in the group of RA not receiving levamisole. These results are compared with those previously published; the mechanism of action and possible indications for levamisole in RA are discussed.
6722024	Rheumatoid pneumoconiosis in a dolomite worker: a light and electron microscopic, and X-ra	1984 Apr	A 46-year-old woman suffering from rheumatoid arthritis developed numerous round opacities at the apex of the right lung 11 years after an exposure to dolomite . Resected lung showed discrete nodules, 0.8-2 cm in diameter, with central necrosis surrounded by palisading fibroblasts and a prominent inflammatory zone. A large number of birefringent dust particles were seen in the necrotic centres and around the nodules. By electron microscopy the particles were dense, mostly elongated and lamellar, varying from 0.005 to 3 microns in width, and from 0.1 to 6.5 microns in length. Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis of the dust particles gave elemental spectra with high spikes of silicon, aluminium and potassium, and minimal magnesium, calcium, iron and titanium. According to chemical analysis, the original dolomite consisted almost entirely of magnesium and calcium carbonates and only of traces of silicon, aluminium and potassium. Apparently the human organism can better eliminate calcium and magnesium carbonates than silicon, aluminium and potassium.
6297509	Rheumatoid synovial cell morphologic changes induced by a mononuclear cell factor in cultu	1983 Jan	Adherent rheumatoid synovial cells in culture produce large amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and collagenase. When exposed to a monocyte-derived factor, such cells exhibit marked increases in PGE2 and collagenase production. In addition, cellular morphology becomes more stellate. In the presence of this factor, indomethacin inhibits both PGE2 production and the stellate changes, whereas collagenase production usually continues at a high rate. Addition of PGE2 to cultures reproduces the stellate change as does the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog 8-bromo-cAMP. Colchicine inhibits morphologic transformation induced by the monocyte-derived factor, whereas cytochalasin B has no effect. It appears that the stellate morphology is dependent upon PGE2-induced cAMP stimulation and is not related to collagenase production per se.
6651424	Pseudorheumatoid subcutaneous nodules and the poststreptococcal state. A case report.	1983 Dec	A 10-year-old girl with an acute illness fulfilling the Jones criteria for rheumatic fever is described. She had subcutaneous nodules, arthritis, an elevated ESR, and serologic evidence of a recent streptococcal infection. Her clinical course was benign and at ten weeks, the nodules disappeared, the joint pains had subsided, and the ESR was normal. Thus, there was little to support a diagnosis of rheumatic fever. We hypothesize that the patient had pseudorheumatoid subcutaneous nodules coincidental with poststreptococcal arthritis. A revision of the Jones criteria disallowing subcutaneous nodules as an independent major sign of rheumatic fever is proposed.
7249487	Clinical Pharmacokinetics of indomethacin.	1981 Jul	Indomethacin (1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid) is an anit-in-flammatory antipyretic drug commonly used for symptomatic relief of pain and stiffness in rheumatic diseases. Following oral administration the absorption of the drug is rapid and complete, but with important inter-and intraindividual variations. In general, peak plasma concentrations of 2 to 3 microgram/ml are achieved with 1 to 2 hours, but concomitant ingestion of food reduces and delays the peak concentrations without reducing the amount absorbed. Rectal administration is associated with earlier but lower peak plasma concentrations, incomplete absorption form suppositories, and offers no clinical advantages when compared with equivalent oral dosage. In plasma at 90% of indomethacin is bound to albumin at therapeutic plasma concentrations. Indomethacin is distributed into the synovial fluid, is excreted in human breast milk and crosses the placenta in significant amounts. It is metabolised to O-desmethylindomethacin, N-deschlorobenzoylindomethacin and O-desmethy-N-deschlorobenzoylindomethacin, which are devoid of anti-inflammatory activity and are present in significant amount in the plasma. About 60% of an oral dose is excreted in the urine predominantly in glucuronidated form, while about 40% is excreted in the faeces after biliary secretion. A large amount of the dose undergoes biliary recycling. The biotransformation is independent of the route of administration. A 2-compartment open model with correction for biliary recycling can be used to describe the disposition of indomethacin. The drug has a biological half-life of about 5 to 10 hours and a plasma clearance of 1 to 2.5ml/kg/min. In premature infants the half-life of indomethacin is inversely correlated with gestational age and is significantly prolonged as compared with adults. Renal failure does not affect the serum concentrations of indomethacin. Probenecid results in increased plasma concentrations of indomethacin with enhanced pain relief without increasing the incidence of side effects. There seem to be no significant pharmacokinetic interactions between indomethacin and aspirin or warfarin. To date it has not been possible to identify a relationship between the clinical effects and plasma concentration of indomethacin.
7011610	Cell-mediated immune response during experimental arthritis induced in rats with streptoco	1980 Dec	Chronic, remittent, erosive arthritis was produced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous suspension of cell wall fragments isolated from group A streptococci. Arthritis could be induced in rats which had been immunologically compromised by neonatal thymectomy. Delayed hypersensitivity to cell wall peptidoglycan could not be elicited in these rats, although progressive joint disease was obvious by clinical and radiological measurements. A delayed skin test was elicited with peptidoglycan in non-thymectomized rats at 6 to 14 days after injection of low doses of cell wall fragments. Between 2 to 4 weeks after cell wall injection the skin test could not be elicited and these rats could not be sensitized again with peptidoglycan. After a high dose of cell wall the skin test could not be elicited at any time. These non-thymectomized rats which had been injected with cell walls remained hyporesponsive to peptidoglycan for at least 3 months. Lymphocytes from non-thymectomized cell wall-injected rats also showed a non-specific depression of lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin in vitro, but this function was recovered between 2 to 4 weeks after cell wall injection. We conclude that cell-mediated immunity against bacterial cell wall antigens is not a pathogenetic factor in this experimental model of arthritis.
6398244	Clinical significance of increased thromboplastin activity on the monocyte surface--a brie	1984	The importance of the blood coagulation sequence as an integral part in the pathogenesis of diseases inside as well as outside the blood vessels is becoming increasingly apparent. Mononuclear phagocytes have important functions in initiation of coagulation by producing several procoagulant substances, including thromboplastin, the potent trigger of the extrinsic pathway. Increasing evidence demonstrates the clinical importance of monocyte and macrophage thromboplastin synthesis in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. This review surveys the role of monocyte/macrophage thromboplastin in relation to inflammatory diseases, cancer, disseminated intravascular coagulation and diseases of the blood vessels, thrombosis and atherosclerosis.
173487	Adverse reactions to Zn1-24 ACTH therapy associated with specific cellular immunity.	1975 Apr	Lymphocyte transformation to 1-24ACTH, as assessed by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine, has been demonstrated to be associated with severe adverse reactions occurring in patients receiving a Zn-linked 1-24ACTH preparation (Tetra cosactrin depot, 'Synacthen'). Antibodies measured with an isotope-binding assay occurred commonly in all patients receiving therapy and did not correlate with adverse reactions. Lymphocyte transformation with the 1-24ACTH polypeptide, a part of the naturally occurring ACTH molecule, has not been previously recorded. The significance of antibodies and cell-mediated immunity to this polypeptide hormone is discussed.
6636136	Poly-adenosine diphosphate ribose autoantibody in systemic lupus erythematosus and other r	1983 Aug	The binding activities of poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADPR) and ds-DNA were measured in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other collagen diseases in comparison with normal subjects. High polyADPR binding activity was detected in the SLE sera. The polyADPR binding assay was as sensitive as the DNA binding assay for diagnosing SLE. In SLE sera, the increased polyADPR binding activity was correlated with that of ds-DNA and negatively with the complement (CH50) titer. With improvement of clinical symptoms of SLE, the binding activity of polyADPR decreased in parallel to the binding activity of ds-DNA and opposite to the CH50 titer. The polyADPR binding activity was occasionally high in other collagen diseases. Effects of steroid treatment of SLE on the binding activities of polyADPR and ds-DNA, and CH50 titer were examined over half a year, indicating that both binding activities are reliable parameters for judgment of the clinical course.
6209229	The augmentation of human NK-cell activity by auranofin compared to interferon.	1984	The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells is markedly increased by interferon (IFN) and IFN inducers. Auranofin, an oral gold preparation, has an effect similar in size and rapidity to that of IFN but, in contrast, the Auranofin effect does not require RNA synthesis by the effector cells.
50669	[Effect of a high-protein diet on clinical and some biochemical indices of patients with t	1975 May	The effect of a protein-rich diet containing 141 g of protein on the clinical and some biochemical findings in 145 patients with a torpidly, and latently running recurrent rheumatic heart disease was studied. Pertinent observations have shown the protein-rich diet to have a very beneficial effect on the clinico-biochemical and immunological indices that are pathognomic of rheumatism with low activity and torpid course.
321332	[Clinical importance of the complement system (author's transl)].	1977 Feb	It is intended to summarize the latest research in the complement field. After a short comment on the biochemical behaviour of proteins participating in the complement reaction, biochemistry of the complement reaction itself and its biological activities are described. The question of participation of the complement system in disease is examined by specifying the possibilities to analyse the complement system in clinical problems, and, on the other hand, by giving a review on our latest knowledge of modifications of the complement system in disease.
1206671	The origins and relative distribution of polysaccharidases in rheumatoid and osteoarthriti	1975 Dec	Three lysosomal polysaccharidases were measured in synovial fluid (SF) and serum from rheumatoid (RA) patients, SF from osteoarthritic (OA) patients, and serum from healthy volunteers. (1) There was no correlation between the enzyme levels and white cell counts in the SF. (2) beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase were markedly elevated in the SF of RA as compared to OA. (3) beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase levels in the SF of RA correlated well with each other but not with hyaluronidase. (4) beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase levels were higher in the SF of RA than in the corresponding serum, while the converse was true for hyaluronidase. (5) Hyaluronidase levels were significantly higher in RA serum than in normal serum. These results suggest that the synovial membrane may be the source of beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, while hyaluronidase is derived from a source remote from the joint via the serum. This source of hyaluronidase may be the liver. (J Rheumatol 2: 393-400, 1975).
316416	On the composition of IgG anti-IgG immune complexes.	1979 Dec	The formation of different immune complexes of IgG was followed in a system comprising human IgG as antigen and rabbit IgG directed against the Fc portion of human IgG as antibody. Soluble IgG complexes were analyzed by analytical zonal centrifugation. In antigen excess, 16S complexes predominated. 16S complexes are oligomers of IgG, mainly trimers and tetramers. In decreasing antigen excess larger and larger complexes were formed. It was, however, found consistently that oligomers were always formed in the largest amounts. The largest complexes detectable by this method consisted of about twenty IgG molecules. The solubility of different complexes in polyethylene glycol was also studied. Low concentrations of polyethylene glycol preferentially precipitate large complexes. Four and six per cent polyethylene glycol precipitated all types of IgG complexes although not completely. Polyethylene glycol was seemingly not bound directly to soluble immune complexes, but caued otherwise soluble complexes to precipitate by an indirect mechanism.
6409478	Antibodies to Mi-1 in SLE: relationship to other precipitins and reaction with bovine immu	1983 Jul	Precipitating antibodies to Mi-1, a protein antigen purified from calf thymus nuclear extract, have been reported in a small percentage of patients with dermatomyositis (DM) but not in patients with other connective tissue diseases or controls. Mi-1 shares certain characteristics with immunoglobulin, including the ability to react with rabbit anti-bovine immunoglobulin G (BIgG). A more extensive survey for anti-Mi-1 has been performed, involving 51 normal controls, 67 patients with polymyositis (PM) or DM, 47 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 41 SLE patients without any other precipitating antibodies to saline extractable tissue antigens on routine testing, and 247 patients, many with SLE, known to have other precipitins. Anti-Mi-1 was found in 13 patients from the latter group (5.25%) and two patients with PM or DM (3.0%), and was not found in other groups. It was found in seven of 95 (7.4%) with anti-nRNP, three of 32 (9.4%) with anti-Sm (with or without anti-nRNP) and three of 120 (2.5%) with anti-Ro (SSA). Anti-Mi-1 cross-reacts directly with BIgG but differs from ordinary rheumatoid factor in its frequent reaction with Fab2 fragments and restricted species specificity. Thus, anti-Mi-1 can be found in patients with diseases other than DM, including SLE, most often in patients with antibodies to nRNP.