Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 550086 | [Entrapment neuropathies of the posterior interosseous nerve. Clinical findings and surgic | 1979 | Radial nerve compression palsies at the elbow and forearm result in a lower radial nerve palsy whose clinical data are generally a hardly diagnosed dissociated radial palsy, or a rough paresis in the range of epicondylalgia. Apparently spontaneous non traumatic compressions are rare. They are essentially due to lipomas, to fibromas, or sometimes to synovial cysts of the elbow. In the course of rheumatoid arthritis, palsies must be isolated. Besides, there is an actual inflammatory canal syndrome of epicondylalgias range, in which radial nerve paresis must be investigated. Traumatic compressions are essentially due to Mongeggia fractures. Radial nerve injury at the elbow is explained by a real radial canal being, in which the nerve is entrapped and where it is especially fixed on a level of its entering the supinator brevis. Any addition of a pathological element in that area (traumatic or not, tumoral or inflammatory) will be able to involve a compression and a nerve stretching, on a level of the arch of Frohse, essentially. Surgical treatment in non traumatic compressions enables to give the etiological diagnosis and to warrant healing by opening the radial canal excising the added pathological element. To achieve a total surgical operation, in epicondylalgias, the surgeons will have to open this radial canal, as well. Traumatic compressions will be explored only in cases of non spontaneous recovery, after treating the osteoarticular injury. | |
| 830375 | Acquired granulocyte abnormality during drug allergic reactions: possible role of compleme | 1977 Jan | A profound defect in granulocyte chemotaxis was documented in an otherwise healthy 21-yr-old man who failed to localize granulocytes to an area of cellulitis during an allergic reaction to cephalothin. During the period of drug allergy, characterized by urticaria, eosinophilia, and profound hypocomplementemia, in vitro migration of the patient's granulocytes in the Boyden chamber was markedly impaired. Although devoid of hemolytic complement activity, the patient's serum possessed supranormal chemotactic activity, even following heat inactivation, suggesting the presence of chemotactically active complement split products. Chemotactic function improved concomitantly with steroid therapy and normalization of serum complement levels, and was entirely normal following clinical recovery and cessation of steroid therapy. The chemotactic abnormality noted in the patient's cells was reproduced in normal granulocytes by preincubation either with patient serum or with cobra venom-activated fresh (but not heated) normal serum, suggesting that in vivo exposure of granulocytes to activated complement was responsible for the patient's abnormal chemotactic response. This mechanism may contribute to the increased infection propensity noted in other conditions characterized by in vivo complement activation, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosis. | |
| 985051 | Team care in chronic illness: a critical review of the literature of the past 25 years. | 1976 Nov | Accumulated literature over the past 25 years about the team approach to chronic disease can be divided into three broad categories: (1) the opinion base which reflects statements of belief and faith, (2) the descriptive base which contains details and personal testimony of programs using team concepts and (3) the study base which includes serious research efforts to investigate the effectiveness of team care in various settings. An analysis of the articles in the last category provides a useful insight into the problems and possibilities associated with this neglected area of health care research. The populations studied include patients with heart disease, hypertension, stroke, hip fracture, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and groups referred for comprehensive rehabilitation. The majority of the studies demonstrated improved outcomes in one or more areas for patients receiving coordinated team care when compared with control groups. Although these studies serve as a useful guide, the extent to which the findings can be generalized is open to serious question. In the absence of additional research, team care will remain as it is today, largely a matter of faith and the subject of many platitudes. An outline is proposed of the major methodological features which should be considered in the planning and/or evaluation of future studies in this area. | |
| 6335423 | Immunological variables and acute-phase reactants in patients with ankylosing spondylitis | 1984 Dec | Serum and EDTA blood from 120 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's syndrome) and serum from 138 first-degree relatives of patients and from 42 adult blood donors were investigated. Increased serum concentrations of IgA and IgG and complement factors C3 and C4 were found in total groups of HLA B27-positive male or female patients compared with controls or relatives. The men had higher serum concentration of IgA and complement factors than the women, whereas IgM concentration was higher in the women. These patterns were found in controls, in relatives and in patients. Increased concentrations of IgA and of C4 were characteristic of all patients whereas IgG and IgM and C3 concentrations were likewise elevated in patients with peripheral joint arthritis/arthropathy. Increased levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were associated with peripheral joint arthritis and were strongly correlated with IgG or CRP concentrations in serum. Total haemolytic complement activity in serum was negatively correlated with concentrations of CIC or CRP indicating complement activation in patients with such complexes. No differences in serum concentrations of Ig or complement factor concentrations were seen between HLA B27-positive and negative relatives with normal sacro-iliac joints or between relatives and controls. Strong mutual correlations were seen among IgG, IgM, complement factors, CRP, SAA, sedimentation rate and alpha 2-macroglobulin. When the present findings were combined with our previous results it turned out that AS, and psoriasis with or without arthropathy, and acute anterior uveitis (AAU) in combination with sacro-iliitis, may be described as IgA-related conditions and that increased serum C4 was related to sacro-iliitis in all these disorders. | |
| 3909738 | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of anti-mitochondrial antibodies. | 1985 Oct | An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the detection of human auto antibodies to mitochondria (AMA). The ELISA was compared to the previous routine method - indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIF)--and optimized for the specific detection of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Sera from 72 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 10 sera positive for anti-cardiolipin antibodies from patients with syphilis, 9 patients with drug-induced pseudolupus erythematosus, 19 patients with non-alcoholic chronic active hepatitis, 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 100 healthy blood-donors were examined for AMA by both methods. The nosological sensitivity for the ELISA method was comparable to the IIF. The ELISA method was accurate, precise, inexpensive and well-suited as a diagnostic screening method for AMA when primary biliary cirrhosis is suspected. Furthermore, ELISA methods require less experience of the observer than IIF. | |
| 6086180 | A receptor assay for the measurement of TSH receptor antibodies in unextracted serum. | 1984 May | A receptor assay for TSH receptor antibodies is described in which unextracted serum, detergent solubilised TSH receptors and 125I-labelled TSH are used. The assay was rapid and reproducible with coefficients of inter-assay variation of 12.3%, 2.1 and 2.6% at mean inhibition of TSH binding values of 11, 53, and 79 respectively. Assay sensitivity could be increased by reducing the volume of receptors used but some increase in the scatter of values obtained with individual normal sera was also observed. Comparison of human and porcine TSH receptor preparations indicated that porcine tissue gave greater sensitivity. Analysis of different groups of patients and normal subjects (n = 21) showed the absence of detectable TSH receptor antibody activity in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 10 with multinodular goitre and 12 with Hashimoto's disease. However the antibody was readily detectable in 28 out of 28 Graves' patients (treated and untreated) who were hyperthyroid at the time of assay. | |
| 6606132 | An interleukin 1 like factor stimulates bone resorption in vitro. | 1983 Nov 24 | Many activities are now ascribed to the monokine interleukin 1 including enhancement of immune responses, stimulation of thymocyte proliferation, activation of B cells, stimulation of proteinase and prostaglandin production by connective tissue cells, stimulation of the production of acute phase proteins, induction of fever and the induction of neutrophilia. These activities were thought to be due to various different factors, but are now considered probably due to very similar, if not identical, molecules. The term interleukin 1 (IL-1) was coined to describe the factor released by monocyte/macrophages which acts on T and B lymphocytes. Only after this definition had been accepted was it shown that target cells other than lymphocytes were affected by IL-1. Products of human blood monocytes (mononuclear cell factor, MCF) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. Bone resorption is often a feature of such diseases, and monocytes are frequently found at sites of localized bone resorption. Preliminary experiments with monocyte-conditioned medium indicated that MCF could stimulate bone resorption. We therefore undertook this study to verify these observations and to determine whether purified IL-1 could stimulate connective tissue breakdown in vitro. | |
| 6683511 | Antiinflammatory and immunostimulant activities of six sulphur compounds--four benzenesulp | 1983 | The effect of a phlogogenic agent and of six sulphur compounds on peritoneal macrophages, spleen B lymphocytes, and von Kupffer cells of the liver has been observed in BALB/C mice. The phlogogenic agent (0.5% carrageenin + 10% peptone) was a potent stimulant of the macrophages (increasing their number, protein content, and acid phosphatase activity), the lymphocytes (increase of haemolytic plaque counts), and the von Kupffer cells (increase of the colloidal carbon clearance rate which measures phagocytic capacity). Of four acid sulphur compounds (benzenesulphonates)-ethamsylate, diethylammonium persilate, calcium dobesilate, and piperazine sultosilate--not previously screened for antiinflammatory activity, all except piperazine sultosilate inhibited the macrophages, all except calcium dobesilate stimulated the lymphocytes, and only calcium dobesilate stimulated the von Kupffer cells. Two non-acid sulphur compounds--levamisole and pyritinol hydrochloride--had no effect on the macrophages but were potent stimulants of the lymphocytes and the von Kupffer cells. Because of these immunostimulant properties, levamisole and pyritinol hydrochloride may prove useful in the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis in which the patient's immune potential has to be restored. | |
| 6589747 | Biology and clinical significance of peptidoglycan antibody response in staphylococcal inf | 1983 | Peptidoglycan, the basic structure of the staphylococcal cell wall, is a matrix of glycan strands that are cross-linked through short peptide side chains. Many of the biological activities of staphylococcal cells can be ascribed to the peptidoglycan moiety of their cell walls. Staphylococcal peptidoglycan can be shown to be immunogenic in laboratory animals; both humoral and cellular immune responses have been noted. Sensitive techniques, such as radio- or enzyme-immunoassay, have recently shown that virtually all normal human donors have detectable peptidoglycan IgG antibodies in their serum. Peptidoglycan IgG can be transplacentally transferred. The titers of peptidoglycan antibody vary widely among healthy donors. Increased production of peptidoglycan antibodies is found in most patients with complicated S. aureus septicaemia and also in many with uncomplicated bacteremia. Nonbacteremic S. aureus infections usually do not stimulate peptidoglycan antibody production. Compared to other S. aureus products such as teichoic acid, nuclease, and alpha-toxin, peptidoglycan may be the most sensitive antigen for detecting antibody responses during staphylococcal infections. Peptidoglycan antibodies may neutralize some of the toxic effects of the staphylococcal cell wall and promote phagocytosis of the organisms. However, increased peptidoglycan antibody titers with immuno-complex disease have also been associated with longstanding infections due to S. epidermidis, Streptococci and with rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, peptidoglycan antibodies may cross-react among Gram-positive bacterial species and have detrimental effects as well. | |
| 6338238 | Estimation of immune complexes by a microplate-adapted C1q-Protein A enzyme-linked-immunos | 1983 Jan | A microplate-adapted enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of C1q-binding immune complexes (IC) and aggregated IgG (delta IgG) is described. Purified human C1q was adsorbed to the wells of flat-bottomed microtiter plates and EDTA-treated serum samples were subsequently introduced. Bound IC was measured by use of alkaline phosphatase-labelled Protein A followed by the substrate para-nitro-phenyl-phosphate. A dose response was found for both delta IgG and BSA anti-BSA complexes, while variations in the concentration of monomer IgG did not affect the optical density. Elevated levels of IC were found in the majority of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and SLE. The described C1q-PA-ELISA is a simple and inexpensive method for detection of C1q-binding immune complexes. The reproducibility is acceptable and the sensitivity is higher than for most IC-methods based on C1q-binding. | |
| 7152399 | Hoffman procedure in the ulcerated diabetic neuropathic foot. | 1982 Nov | Twelve diabetic patients with varying degrees of insensitivity of the foot presented with problems of forefoot ulceration beneath one or more metatarsal heads. This was associated with local abscess formation. Some of these patients had previously been subjected to surgical procedures such as ray resection or single metatarsal head resection for earlier problems and were left with areas of increased pressure in the weightbearing surface of the forefoot. Appropriate antibiotic therapy was started by the Infectious Diseases service in each case. Blood flow to the extremity was evaluated by pulse volume recordings and measurement of Doppler pressures at various levels down the extremity. Vascular reconstruction was indicated in two of these patients. After this reconstruction, circulation was deemed adequate to perform the Clayton (Clayton, M.L.: Surgery of the forefoot in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Clin. Orthop. 16:136-140, 1960) modification of the Hoffman (Hoffman, P.: An operation for severe grades of contracted or clawed toes. Am. J. Orthop. 9:441-449, 1911) procedure. This procedure was also done on 10 other patients with more adequate circulation. Although the time of healing was prolonged in some instances, all feet healed and the patients were successfully graduated to full weightbearing with extra depth shoes with soft neoprene rubber insoles. This procedure should be considered instead of transmetatarsal amputation in some patients with problems of ulceration and abscess formation of the forefoot if circulation is adequate, or can be restored to adequate levels by vascular reconstruction. | |
| 645828 | Immune synovitis in rabbits. Effects of differing schedules for intra-articular challenge | 1978 May | The effects of varying intra-articular (ia) doses of bovine serum albumin (BSA) antigen on immune synovitis in rabbits have been investigated. Chronic synovitis, characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration in synovial tissues, was induced by a single ia challenge with BSA in sensitized rabbits. However, cartilage and bone erosions and pannus formation were rarely observed. By varying the number and magnitude of the BSA challenges, lesions with different characteristics were observed at different times of analysis of joint pathology. In 3- to 10-week studies, multiple ia challenges with BSA produced lesions characterized by severe cartilage and bone changes; polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) exudates; and mononuclear cells and, sometimes, PMNs in synovial tissues. Substantial increases in knee widths and synovial tissue weights also observed. By increasing the frequency of ia injections, more severe changes were produced more rapidly, so that within a 3-week period, the animals also experienced pain and were unable to fully extend their antigen-challenged knees. Some of the lesions observed in immune synovis resembled those in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the presence of large numbers of PMNs in synovial tissue under certain conditions suggests some possible differences between the pathogenesis of experimental synovitis and RA. | |
| 304785 | Some immunological effects of penicillamine. | 1977 Nov | Immunological effects of D- and D,L-penicillamine (PA) were studied in efforts to develop assays for synthetic D or D,L analogs and to contribute to the understanding of the mechanism(s) of action of D-PA in rheumatoid arthritis. At the highest doses tolerated by mice, D,L-PA did not significantly inhibit the development of haemagglutinating antibodies in vivo. In studies in vitro with T lymphocytes, D-PA at 1 mM concentration inhibited both concanavalin A- and phytohaemagglutinin-induced transformation as assayed by [3H]thymidine incorporation, but D-PA concentrations of 5 mM were required to inhibit concanavalin A-induced amino acid uptake. No effect of D-PA was observed either on the induction of cytotoxic T cells or on the attack of specifically sensitized T cells on target cells. It is of interest that D-PA at 1 mM concentration did inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced transformation, which predominately stimulates B lymphocytes. The effects of PA on the induced transformation of T and B cells deserve further attention for studies with analogs of PA. | |
| 1157419 | Intrapelvic protrusion of the acetabular component following total hip replacement. | 1975 Sep | Protrusion of the acetabular component into the true pelvis following total hip replacement has occurred in 5 patients, 4 with severe rheumatoid arthritis and 1 with a destructive type of degenerative hip disease. Preoperatively all hips had severe protrusio acetabuli, a markedly thin acetabular medial wall and advanced osteoporosis. Four had a McKee-Farrar prosthesis, a metal-to-metal device with high frictional torque, particularly when the contact is equatorial, and no damping capacity against marginal impingement in the extreme range of motion. In order to reduce the incidence of intrapelvic protrusion, extreme care should be given to preserve the medial bone stock of the acetabulum, more so when it is already damaged or defective. If anchoring holes are used they should be restricted to the superior ilium, pubis and ischium and should not perforate the medial wall. Once loosening is present, reoperation is indicated to avoid progressive bone reabsorption by the abrasive motion of the loosened prosthesis, that might lead to irreparable bone loss. To reduce the stress transmitted to an already weakened acetabulum, select a total prosthetic device with low friction; fix it with acrylic cement in order to distribute the stress over a large surface; carefully orient both components to avoid marginal impingement; be certain to preserve the medial wall as much as possible and if it is already defective reinforce it by bone grafting and/or wire mesh. | |
| 4037764 | The clinical spectrum of necrotizing angiopathy of the peripheral nervous system. | 1985 Aug | The peripheral neuropathy seen with necrotizing angiopathy is said to begin classically as a mononeuritis multiplex, usually associated with polyarteritis nodosa, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Our experience, however, suggests that a large number of these patients do not have a well-defined collagen vascular disease or the typical clinical pattern. In 350 consecutive nerve biopsies (sural or superficial radial), 16 patients showed a necrotizing angiopathy in the epineurial blood vessels. Six of these 16 patients had a distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The remaining 10 had a mononeuritis multiplex, although in 8 overlapping nerve involvement somewhat obscured the picture of mononeuritis. In 12 patients, no specific underlying collagen vascular disease could be diagnosed by accepted criteria despite extensive clinical, radiological, and serological evaluations. The peripheral neuropathy was the only objective evidence of vasculitis in 7 of these 12 patients. Our findings suggest that patients with a peripheral neuropathy secondary to necrotizing angiopathy often do not have a definable collagen vascular disease. In fact, peripheral neuropathy may be the sole manifestation of vasculitis. Furthermore, the neuropathy was found to be a distal symmetrical sensorimotor neuropathy in a higher proportion of cases than has been documented previously. | |
| 3886224 | The role of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in the pathogenesis of immune disorders. | 1985 Jun | The association between alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency and a number of immune mediated diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, anterior uveitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and asthma suggests that alpha 1-AT may be important not only as an anti-inflammatory protein but also as an immune regulator. That the relationship between decreased amounts of this inhibitor and these diseases is causal is suggested by both some of its physical properties and evidence indicating it is able to modulate immune function. alpha 1-Antitrypsin has a high plasma concentration, very broad range of inhibitory activity and is an acute phase reactant. Among other things, it is able to modulate lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity, and monocyte and neutrophil function. Additionally, some of these changes are demonstrable in vivo in patients with severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. This paper reviews the important physicochemical characteristics of this protein, the association of its presence in decreased amounts with immune disorders, and finally the important mechanism that may underlie this disease association. | |
| 3855123 | Oral contraceptives come of age. | 1985 May | ||
| 6400018 | Extracorporeal removal of specific antibodies by hemoperfusion through the immunosorbent a | 1984 Nov | We describe the production of a unique immunosorbent system, agarose-polyacrolein microsphere beads (APAMB) for removal of a specific antibody, anti BSA, and its efficacy in animal trials. This is a model system for hemoperfusive removal of specific antibodies or antigens directly from whole blood. The agarose beads (1.0 mm mean diameter) contain thousands of microspheres of 0.2 micron mean diameter. The microspheres which contain the ligand are encapsulated within an agarose matrix to confer physical strength, biocompatibility, spacial configuration, and porosity allowing rapid entry of plasma for reaction. Any antigen may be linked covalently to spacers on the polyacrolein microspheres to remove a specific antibody, or vice versa. Thus the APAMB remove specific molecules in contrast to the charcoal or ion exchange resins currently in use. Removal of antibody is efficient and rapid, therefore, short hemoperfusive times may be used. The beads are biocompatible; there are negligible decreases in RBC, WBC and platelets. Electrolytes and other soluble components also are minimally affected. Therapy, at the least palliative, of autoimmune disorders i.e., multiple myeloma, macroglobinemia, autohemolytic anemias, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroiditis, glomerulonephritis, etc, is potentially available with this or its further improved versions. | |
| 6229033 | Aspects of living conditions among groups of disabled children and their families in Norwa | 1983 | A survey of 875 disabled children in Norway aged 0-19, representing ten different disabling conditions, was carried out between January 1976 and December 1978. Parents of the disabled children were interviewed, medical records studied and the children examined. Mother's age, level of education, presence of disabled siblings, spouse's education and profession as well as emergency situations related to the disabled child's condition appeared to be factors influencing the mother's health and therefore inevitably the family's ability to cope with the situation. Social insurance seemed to have been granted in a rather haphazard way; only families of children suffering from hemophilia, mental retardation, spina bifida and cerebral palsy seemed to have received fairly adequate social insurance benefits. Families of children suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, congenital heart disease and epilepsy had received less social insurance assistance than those in the other groups. One-parent families had received more social insurance than others. Families with children who were totally dependent on their parents, who had several diagnoses or had spent much time in hospital, had also been granted more social insurance. Welfare benefits distributed by local authorities had mainly been given to families who were also receiving social insurance benefits and to families of children with brain damage. Almost half of all families expressed needs for welfare benefits which had not been met. Thus, there seemed to be an underconsumption of both social insurance and welfare benefits, particularly among some diagnostic groups. | |
| 7285412 | High tibial osteotomy: a seven-year clinical and radiographic follow-up. | 1981 Oct | A series of 107 knees were evaluated for mobility, stability and pain relief two and seven years after high tibial osteotomy for correction of deformity secondary to arthrosis; patients with rheumatoid arthritis were excluded from this series. Eighteen knees had lateral femorotibial arthrosis, or which only six had good results at seven year follow-up. As many as six knees required further surgery. Of the 89 knees with medial arthrosis, 45 had good results, 36 did not and the remaining eight required further surgery. Lasting pain relief was clearly associated with correction of the mechanical axis of the knee which was more difficult to achieve in severe stages of the disease. In 22 of the 24 corrected knees, the disease had not progressed further. Six of these showed radiographic signs of cartilage repair. By contrast, two-thirds of the undercorrected knees had further progress of the disease. The opposite compartment did not suffer from the increased load on the articular cartilage; only three overcorrected knees showed cartilage narrowing, and they were painless. High tibial osteotomy is a reliable method for definitive treatment of early medial type gonarthrosis provided that the radiographically defined mechanical axis is adequately corrected. |