Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 333576 | [Changes in the oral mucosa in the aging patient]. | 1977 Sep | The most frequently observed diseases of the oral mucosa in ageing patients are: leucoplacic changes, lichen ruber planus, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigoid and the Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome. However, there are other affections which are described in their characteristic symptomatology: --whitish changes--changes by pigments--aphtous or aphtoid changes--bullous and erosive changes--tongue burning and glossodynia--tumorous and exulcerative changes. The different diagnostic aspects are particularly explained. | |
| 3880279 | Effect of liposomal-encapsulated superoxide dismutase on active oxygen-related human disor | 1985 | Liposomal-encapsulated superoxide dismutase was clinically applied to patient showing an increase in neutrophil active oxygen generation, and those with diseases such as severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease and progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) in which presence of a plasmatic clastogenic factor has been demonstrated. Liposomal SOD injection (2.5 mg twice a week) resulted in marked remission in 12 out of 16 patients with active Behcet's disease. The drug was impressively effective on patients with intestinal Behcet. Remission rates in the other diseases was 7 out of 8 mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome (MCLS, Kawasaki disease) 3 out of 5 dermatitis herpetiformis, IgA linear bullous dermatosis or severe cement dermatitis, 4 out of 9 active and severe RA, 3 out of 3 PSS, 4 out of 4 Crohn's disease, 3 out of 4 colitis ulcerosa, and 2 out of 2 unresponsive (hemolytic) anemia. To be emphasized was that three severe active RA patients and two terminal-stage PSS patients with dyspnea due to lung fibrosis showed dramatic improvement after administration of liposomal SOD. In addition, in 13 out of 15 malignant neo plastic patients including cancer, malignant lymphoma and leucemia who were receiving radiotherapy (total dose, more than 4000 rads) and chemotherapy including anthracycline analogs (total over 450 mg/m2) and bleomycin, the drug also prevented the appearance of myocardiac injury and fibrosis, sometimes seen as a consequence of chemotherapy. Liposomal SOD, which shows no toxicity, has various advantages compared to free SOD preparations, and is highly and broadly applicable to various clinical disorders. | |
| 6356906 | Pharmacology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Practical review for clinicians. | 1983 Oct 31 | Aspirin and the newer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the mainstay of basic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the other rheumatic diseases. Despite its many years of clinical use, the pharmacologic actions of aspirin are still not fully understood; those of many of the newer nonsteroidals may offer significant advantages in terms of long-term safety. Studies in animals and normal human volunteers, as well as clinical trials, provide useful information about the absorption, metabolism, excretion, efficacy, appropriate dosage, and safety of a given nonsteroidal agent. Because all of the newer agents have been developed using the same basic animal tests of efficacy, they all closely resemble indomethacin. Differences in half-life, however, may be important in determining the relative safety of a nonsteroidal, especially in older patients. Most of the nonsteroidals bind only to albumin, and therefore have a kind of built-in safety mechanism: once the albumin binding sites are saturated, free drug is rapidly excreted by the kidney and drug accumulation is prevented. Despite this fact, the clinician must be concerned about two frequent sorts of problems that may arise from the prostaglandin-inhibiting effects of the nonsteroidals. Gastrointestinal side effects may include minor symptoms; diffuse gastritis; small erosions of the gastric mucosa, visible only by endoscope; and frank ulceration, which may rarely be life-threatening. Animal studies, various tests in normal volunteers, and pre-marketing clinical studies may all shed light on the relative ulcerogenicity of a given nonsteroidal agent. Long-term clinical experience especially helps indicate which agents appear to be more ulcerogenic than average and which appear to be less than average. Renal effects of the nonsteroidals are also related to their inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The most serious of these--a characteristic kind of interstitial nephritis, renal papillary necrosis, and hyperkalemia--are fortunately rare, but some classes of patients--the elderly, those with impaired renal function, and those receiving diuretics--are at increased risk. For these patients, any nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug should be prescribed with caution and appropriate monitoring of renal function. | |
| 6398613 | Clinical chemistry of vitamin B6. | 1983 | ||
| 7252164 | Detection of immune complexes using a solid-phase C1q polystyrene ball assay. | 1981 | A polystyrene ball C1q solid-phase assay (PSB C1q SPA) has been developed for quantitating immune complexes in human serum. While similar to the previously reported solid-phase C1q assays in principle, the use of polystyrene balls with a specular finish has resulted in an assay with significantly improved accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility. The sensitivity of the assay based on the amount of AHGG bound per microgram C1q added was approximately 12-fold higher in the PSB assay compared to the polystyrene tube solid-phase C1q method. In order to correct for variable background contributions in different samples, values obtained with heat-inactivated C1q were subtracted from each experimental result. Reproducibility studies yielded a coefficient of variation (CV) of 10 and 4% in day-to-day assays using 25 microgram and 100 microgram AHGG/ml normal serum, respectively compared to 11--15% for the tube technique. Within run measurements gave a CV of 37 and 20% at the low and high levels of AHGG. Aggregated human gamma-globulin (AHGG) was used as a model immune complex and when chromatographed on Biogel A-15m yielded major fractions at greater than or equal to 15,000,000 and 150,000 daltons. Maximum binding of AHGG to PSB C1q occurred with aggregates greater than 15,000,000 daltons. Optimum binding of human albumin-anti-albumin complexes in the PSB C1q SPA occurred at a molar ratio of 1 : 1.5. The size distribution of this complex active in the assay determined by sucrose density gradients was 14--32 S with peaks at 21 and 27 S. A normal range of immune complexes was determined as 15 +/- 8 microgram AHGG equivalents (+/- 2 S.D., n = 65). Approximately 70% of rheumatoid arthritis, linear scleroderma, vasculitis, Sjögren's and glomerulonephritis and 40% of SLE patients were above 2 S.D. of normal. SLE patients demonstrated elevations in immune complexes only during periods of increased disease severity. The assay was a useful monitor of plasmapheresis in an SLE patient, showing decreases in immune complexes after each plasmapheresis. DNA did not interfere with AHGG binding whereas lipemia prevented detection of added AHGG. | |
| 2931476 | Class II histocompatibility antigen-mediated immunologic function of normal articular chon | 1985 Nov | Using monoclonal antibodies, we examined the display of rabbit Ia by articular chondrocytes. We found that 29 to 46% of chondrocytes displayed Ia antigen compared with 46 to 60% of spleen cells. Ia antigen expression was not likely to be the result of enzyme treatment. To investigate antigen presenting activity of enzyme dissociated normal articular chondrocytes, adult rabbits were immunized in the front foot pads with ovalbumin (OVA) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Four to six weeks later, draining popliteal lymph node cells (LNC) were obtained. Articular chondrocytes were obtained by overnight collagenase, DNase, and hyaluronidase digestion of cartilage from both ends of femurs and proximal end of tibias. Antigen-presenting cells from spleen were used as positive controls. LNC and nylon wool-purified T cells were cultured with OVA pulsed and mitomycin C-treated chondrocytes or spleen cells, and lymphocyte proliferation was measured by 3H-TdR uptake. Both chondrocytes and spleen cells showed antigen presenting activity, and stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation was inhibited by murine monoclonal anti-rabbit Ia antibody (2C4), whereas control plasmacytoma cell supernatants had no effect. When T cells were purified first by Sephadex G-10 and later by nylon wool columns, these cells were dependent on antigen-presenting cells for immunogen (OVA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Again, chondrocytes under these strict experimental conditions presented antigen to T cells. Chondrocytes also stimulated autologous and allogeneic normal lymphocytes. Thus, normal chondrocytes have Ia antigens on their surface and can function as antigen-presenting cells. These results are significant for the understanding of local cellular interaction in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. | |
| 4017290 | Immune deposits in normal skin of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship | 1985 Sep | Immunofluorescent deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) of the skin (lupus band test or LBT) were evaluated in 134 patients with various connective tissue diseases. LBT was found positive in 23 of 32 (71.8%) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in 3 of 53 (5.6%) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and in 1 of 5 cases of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). No deposits were found in patients with systemic sclerosis and with vasculitis. In patients with SLE a positive LBT showed a direct correlation with serum Clq binding activity (ClqBA) and with hypocomplementemia. The mean ClqBA was 13.49 +/- 12.85 and 2.38 +/- 2.27% in SLE patients with positive and negative band test, respectively (P less than 0.005). Likewise depressed mean serum levels of C3 and C4 were detected in patients with skin deposits (P less than 0.005). Sera from SLE patients showed an overall decreased capacity to solubilize preformed immune complexes when compared to normal sera. Furthermore 10 band-positive patients were less able to solubilize immune complexes than sera from LBT-negative lupus patients (45 +/- 16 and 62 +/- 11%, respectively; P less than 0.01). Also the capacity to inhibit the precipitation of immune complexes was decreased in SLE patients with negative LBT (P less than 0.05). In conclusion our data suggest that in SLE patients a decreased complement-mediated solubilization of immune complexes is involved in the persistence of high levels of circulating immune aggregates and, considered its correlation with positive LBT, may be responsible for the deposits of immunoglobulins at the dermal-epidermal junction of the skin. | |
| 6431900 | Augmented anti-acetylcholine receptor response following long-term penicillamine administr | 1984 Jul | Because of the association of D-penicillamine (DP) therapy with myasthenia gravis, we have studied long-term DP treatment in five inbred strains of mice with doses comparable to those used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. No clinical weakness or anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody developed with up to 6 months of treatment, but augmented responses did occur to challenge with purified AChR in adjuvant. Anti-AChR antibody titers in C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice were significantly higher after challenge with AChR in DP-treated than in control mice. Augmented anti-AChR titers were not seen in strain A mice, but after 6 months of DP treatment increased susceptibility developed to the induction of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Nine weeks after challenge with purified AChR, 10 of 11 mice developed clinical weakness, leading to death in 6. Results of edrophonium testing were positive in 5 of 6 mice, and electrophysiological abnormalities were demonstrated in 3 of the surviving mice. Long-term DP treatment is associated with augmented anti-AChR antibody responses in C3H/He and C57BL/6 mice, and increased susceptibility to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in strain A mice. | |
| 6359336 | [Non-specific angiitis and the central nervous system]. | 1983 | Central nervous system manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus are reported in 25 to 60 p. cent of cases and include mental disturbances, epilepsy, focal deficits, and headache. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes are inconstantly observed. Cerebral scintigraphy may be useful. CT Scan imaging shows infarcts, hemorrhages, or cortical atrophy. Cerebral angiography is usually normal. Pathological examination shows frequent arteriolar lesions in the CNS but their appearance is rarely that of an angiitis. The mechanism of the CNS lesion involves both angiitis and antineuronal antibodies. Diagnosis is difficult when presenting signs are those of CNS involvement, particularly as the ESR can be normal. Serum complement and anti-DNA antibody levels are frequently normal when there is an isolated CNS involvement. Overall prognosis is poor in cases with CNS lesions. The use of corticoids is discussed. Cerebral angiitis is an exceptional finding during the course of rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma. Central neurological manifestations of Sharp's and Gougerot-Sjögren's syndromes have recently been reported. CNS lesions are reported in 10 to 20 p. cent of patients with panarteritis nodosa and include mental disorders and disturbance of vigilance, epilepsy, focal deficits, meningeal signs and headache. The CSF is often normal. The CT scan provides images of infarcts, hemorrhages or cortical atrophy. Cerebral angiography may show segmental stenoses and distal occlusions. Pathological examination of the CNS shows mainly lesions in the intracerebral and leptomeningeal arterioles and small caliber arteries. Treatment is by corticoids and immunosuppressors. Angiitis of the CNS is rare and of late onset in Wegener's granulomatosis. Hypersensitivity angiitis rarely affects the CNS, those cases where it is involved being of poor prognosis and probably related to panarteritis nodosa. CNS manifestations in giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis result from neck artery lesions. The CNS is affected in 20 p. cent of cases in Behcet's disease with resulting isolated aseptic meningitis or a meningo-encephalomyelitis, and intracranial hypertension. The CSF is nearly always abnormal. Cerebral angiography should be directed towards the search for cerebral thrombophlebitis. Pathologically lesions predominate in the brain stem. Meningeal lesions are almost constantly present. Neurological involvement is of poor prognosis, and early corticotherapy must be instituted. The nosological autonomy of Buerger's thromboangiitis obliterans is questioned. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a particular type of angiitis in which malignant cell infiltration occurs. The CNS is affected in 20 p. cent of cases, and whatever the treatment the prognosis is poor. Granulomatous angiitis of the CNS has the distinctive feature of lesions affecting the CNS vessels either exclusively or predominantly. The antemortem diagnosis is based on biopsy of the leptomeninges, and treatment with corticoids and immunosuppressors may prove effective. | |
| 7375871 | The effect of indomethacin on renal function in man. | 1980 | Twenty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis were given indomethacin 25 mg t.i.d. by mouth for 3 weeks followed by indomethacin 25 mg t.i.d. plus a 100 mg suppository at night, after a 5-day period on placebo capsules. The mean (+/- S.E.) 24-hour creatinine clearance was 57.8 +/- 5.7 ml/min in the placebo period and was not significantly altered during indomethacin therapy, 53.1 +/- 5.5 ml/min in the oral period and 56.6 +/- 6.4 ml/min in the oral plus suppository period (P greater than 0.1). In 6 volunteers, duplicate 2-hour creatinine clearances were performed after a single oral dose of 50 mg indomethacin. After placebo capsules the mean creatinine clearance was 133.7 +/- 9.5 ml/min and after 50 mg indomethacin it was 126.5 +/- 8.9 ml/min (P greater than 0.1). In 4 of the volunteers the mean creatinine clearance after 8 days on indomethacin 25 mg q.i.d. was 117.1+/- 5.3 ml/min (P greater than 0.1). Indomethacin plasma concentrations were in the usual range for the dose given. Indomethacin caused no reduction in the creatinine clearance in spite of causing significant inhibition of prostaglandin E synthesis. | |
| 6092121 | Migraine headache: epidemiologic perspectives. | 1984 | Clinical and epidemiologic studies suggest that a number of factors are associated with the risk of migraine and precipitation of an attack. However, the degree to which causal associations can be inferred from reported studies is very limited and is a result of the methodological problems discussed throughout this review. The study of migraine in many ways parallels the pattern seen in early investigations of other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, because a number of methodological problems had to be resolved in the study of these conditions before significant progress could be made. To achieve significant advances in the improvement of our understanding of the causes of migraine, a number of related issues must be addressed and resolved in future studies. Most noteworthy among these are Recognition of the probable heterogeneity of migraine, not merely in the manifestation of symptoms but, more importantly, in the existence of distinct etiologic subtypes. A number of findings suggest that some migraine subtypes are sensitive to certain precipitants, some appear to be a part of a more generalized constitutional disorder, and some are accompanied by a higher prevalence of migraine among family members. Efforts should be made in understanding the relationship between specific biochemical markers and traits (such as monoamine oxidase deficiency and tyramine sensitivity); precipitants related to the migraine attack; and epidemiologic characteristics such as age at onset and sex. Creation of a more precise, reliable, and practically useful definition of migraine. Without such a definition, it is difficult, if not impossible, to compare results between studies, to understand the relationship between risk factors and migraine subtypes, to understand properly associations identified in selected clinic populations, and, in general, to understand the epidemiology of migraine. More accurate characterization of the case group under study. More documentation of the age at onset, symptoms, frequency of attacks, and other characteristics related to migraine would be very useful to compare properly results between studies. Additional descriptive epidemiologic studies of migraine which would include reliable estimates of age-specific incidence, prevalence, remission rates, and natural history of the various migraine subtypes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) | |
| 12311809 | [Oral contraception in 1983 (author's transl)]. | 1982 Nov | ||
| 350214 | The effects of enteric coating of aspirin tablets on occult gastrointestinal blood loss. | 1977 Dec | The effect of enteric coating of aspirin tablets on the gastrointestinal blood loss associated with high dose aspirin therapy was investigated in 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Occult blood loss was measured after labelling the patients' red blood cells with Cr51. Three salicylate preparations were used: enteric coated tablets of aspirin ("Rhusal", G.P. Laboratories, 7 x 650 mg per day), uncoated tablet cores of aspirin from the same batch (7 x 650 mg per day) and enteric coated tablets of sodium salicylate (7 x 600 mg and 1 x 300 mg per day). Daily blood loss during a salicylate-free period was (0.7 +/- 0.15 ml, mean +/- SE). Blood loss was significantly increased during dosage with all three salicylate preparations. Daily blood loss during dosage with the uncoated tablets of aspirin (5.3 +/- 0.3 ml) was significantly greater than during dosage with the enteric coated tablets of aspirin (2.3 +/- 0.3 ml) and enteric coated tablets of sodium salicylate (2.1 +/- 0.4 ml). The bioavailability of the salicylate preparations was studied in seven of the 12 patients. Mean plasma salicylate concentration two hours after the second daily dose during dosage with the enteric coated tablets of aspirin was 118 +/- 15 microgram/ml compared to 131 +/- 16 microgram/ml during dosage with the uncoated tablets. Urinary recoveries of the daily dosage of aspirin in the two formulations were also similar. | |
| 6833493 | Transport of propranolol and lidocaine through the rat blood-brain barrier. Primary role o | 1983 Apr | Basic lipophilic drugs such as propranolol and lidocaine are strongly bound by alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, also called orosomucoid. Although the liver is known to rapidly clear plasma protein-bound propranolol or lidocaine, it is generally regarded that peripheral tissues, such as brain or heart, are only exposed to the small fraction of drug that is free or dialyzable in vitro. The "free drug" hypothesis is subjected to direct empiric testing in the present studies using human sera and an in vivo rat brain paradigm. Serum from 27 human subjects (normal individuals, newborns, or patients with either metastatic cancer or rheumatoid arthritis) were found to have up to a sevenfold variation in orosomucoid concentrations. The free propranolol or lidocaine as determined in vitro by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees C varied inversely with the orosomucoid concentration. Similarly the rate of transport of propranolol or lidocaine through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was inversely related to the existing serum concentration of orosomucoid. However, the inhibition of rat brain extraction of drug by orosomucoid in vivo was only about one-fifth of that predicted by free drug measurements in vitro. This large discrepancy suggested orosomucoid-bound drug was readily available for transport into brain in vivo. Studies using purified human orosomucoid in the rat brain extraction assay also showed that orosomucoidbound propranolol or lidocaine is readily transported through the BBB. Conversely, albumin-bound propranolol or lidocaine was not transported through the BBB. The studies using albumin provide evidence that the in vivo rat brain paradigm used in the present investigations is capable of confirming, when possible, predictions made by the "free drug" hypothesis. These data suggest that the amount of circulating propranolol or lidocaine that is available for transport into a peripheral tissue such as brain is not restricted to the free (dialyzable) moiety but includes the much larger globulin-bound fraction. Therefore, existing pharmacokinetic models should be expanded to account for the transport of protein-bound drugs into peripheral tissues similar to what is known to occur in liver. | |
| 6265566 | Cytolytic IgM antibody to cytomegalovirus in primary cytomegalovirus infection in humans. | 1981 Jun | Suspensions of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected human foreskin fibroblasts were used to measure cytolytic antibody (CyA) to CMV in serum by a 51Cr release assay. CyA was associated with IgM but not with IgG antibody to CMV, required rabbit or human complement, and was directed at a surface antigen. CyA was detectable for one to three months in the sera of 16 patients with community-acquired CMV infection and in the sera of 20 of 22 renal transplant recipients with primary CMV infection. CyA was found less frequently in the sera of renal transplant recipients with reactivated CMV infection and occurred almost exclusively when the donor was seropositive for CMV. One individual, unlike many patients with CyA, was free of symptoms. Sera from patients with either rheumatoid factor-positive arthritis or heterophil-positive infectious mononucleosis and from 70 of 71 control patients with other types of antibody to CMV yielded no 51Cr release. | |
| 1234662 | How are 'psychosomatic' patients different from 'psychoneurotic' patients? | 1975 | Two groups of white male patients of the same racial stock were selected on the basis of their acceptance or rejection by psychiatric residents for extended treatment. The group of patients eagerly accepted were mostly college students with anxiety, several of a phobic type, while the completely rejected group was composed of rheumatoid arthritic patients. Examination of samples of verbal transcript material showed that previously determined criteria, established on the basis of content analysis of interview transcripts, place the arthritic patients very much in the 'unsuitable for psychoteraphy' category, whereas the selected patients were highly 'suitable'. Verbal patterns in several different contexts are compared to show the differences 'concretely'; in addition, another such comparison shows the abundance of psychosomatic diseases in the families of the arthritic patients. Comparison of verbal material shows that patients with anxiety tend to be acutely sensitive to the future and to human relations, especially those with physicians in a personal sense. Arthritic patients, on the other hand, 'worry' much less, attend little to the future, incongruguously report that they are 'in command of' feelings. In a hospital psychiatric ward, anxious patients soon adapt with relief; the arthritic in such a ward insists that he follows his own idea of the behaviour of the hospitalized patient, complete with night clothes and bed rest. The conclusion suggested is that the two types of patients live in quite separate 'universes of discourse'. | |
| 6975629 | Age influences the clinical and serologic expression of systemic lupus erythematosus. | 1981 Oct | The clinical and serologic characteristics of 17 patients with onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) after age 50 were compared with those of 49 younger patients. All patients were followed prospectively for a mean duration of 47 months. A clinical and serological data base was established for each patient, and information collected at each visit to a lupus clinic was analyzed by computer. The clinical featured distinguishing old-age SLE were a low incidence of significant renal disease and prominent pleuropericarditis and arthritis throughout the period of followup. Serologic abnormalities were milder in older patients. Thus, hypocomplementemia, anti-DNA antibodies, and C1q precipitins occurred less frequently, and rheumatoid factor was more often present than in younger patients with SLE. Regression analysis suggested linear change in disease expression with age rather than distinct age-related subgroups. | |
| 6385206 | Primary Sjögren's syndrome treated with Efamol/Efavit. A double-blind cross-over investig | 1984 | Thirty-six patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome participated in a randomised double-blind, cross-over, 3-week, study to compare the effect of Efamol (1500 mg X 2) with that of placebo. Efamol contains 9% of the prostaglandin-E1 precursor gamma-linolenic acid, which is presumed to occur in reduced levels in Sjögren's syndrome. Efamol treatment improved the Schirmer-I-test (P less than 0.03) while values of break-up time,-van Bijsterveld score, corneasensitivity, tear-lysozyme and nuclear chromatin in conjunctival epithelial cells did not reach the statistical 0.05 level. | |
| 6401273 | Antinuclear antibodies in diagnosis and management. | 1983 Jan | Antinuclear antibodies are known to be present in a variety of autoimmune diseases, and they appear to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of a subgroup of "ANA diseases." It has been shown that each presents a distinct ANA profile, characterized by the presence and titer of certain antibodies and the absence of others. These profiles are of practical value in diagnosis. | |
| 6191505 | Treatment of the ichthyosis of the Sjögren-Larsson syndrome with etretinate (Tigason). | 1983 | The ichthyosis of seven patients with the Sjögren-Larsson syndrome was treated with an aromatic retinoid, etretinate, during six months. Very good results were registered in six of the patients measured both as clinical improvement and as reduction in quantity of emollients needed. No unexpected side effects were noted. |