Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2560934 | On the origin of antibodies to immunoglobulin genetic markers in rheumatoid arthritis. An | 1989 | Anti-Gm's in rheumatoid arthritis patients detect products of the Mendelian genes G1ma, G1mx, G3mb, G3mc, G3mg, G3mst. Commonly, these anti-Gm's are specific for other individuals immunoglobulin allotypes. Reasons are given for the contention that such anti-Gm's in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are indicative of the expression of nonnominal allotypes, the genes for which have been transferred from one individual to another by means of a B cell virus. This process - akin to transduction and occurring after the tolerance induction period - may lead to a chimaeric state of the B cell compartment in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Special features of Ig gene regulation in normal B cell progression are allelic exclusion and the excision-expulsion-rejoining of DNA segments. Perturbation of B cell regulation by external genomes may be favoured by allelic exclusion. The DNA excision-rejoining processes may have consequences for concomitant (viral) nucleic acid assembly, particularly for viruses sharing nucleotide sequences with the Ig switch regions. | |
| 3263756 | Mechanisms of gold resistance. | 1988 | The efficacy of gold treatment in rheumatoid arthritis is hampered by toxicity, most prevalent in early phases, and unresponsiveness which can only be assessed after more than 6 months on therapy. There is some evidence that more severe disease increases the likelihood of drug resistance. No data indicate an altered pharmacokinetics in resistant individuals, although increased dosage of parenteral gold has been claimed effective in uncontrolled studies. Exposure to metals induces cell adaption and resistance in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell lines. In particular this has been shown for gold chloride, sodium aurothiomalate and auranofin. Auranofin induces increased synthesis of metallothionein, a low molecular weight cystein-rich peptide with metal-binding and -homeostatic properties. Thus there is experimental evidence suggesting cellular adaptation as a potential mechanism for gold resistance. However, with the possible exception of auranofin, the nature of the processes remains unknown. | |
| 3453480 | Quadruple major joint replacement in member of Jehovah's Witnesses. No blood products, aut | 1986 Aug | Bilateral total knee and total hip replacement were performed on a 44-year-old woman with severe unremitting rheumatoid arthritis. The patient, a Jehovah's Witness had refused transfusion utilizing blood, blood byproducts, and blood substitutes. She had also refused the use of autotransfusion, even in the event of an emergency. The authors describe successful major joint replacement carried out on four separate occasions without transfusion. The only hematologic therapy was the preoperative and postoperative administration of iron dextran. | |
| 2383059 | Mortality and survival in rheumatoid arthritis: a 25 year prospective study of 100 patient | 1990 Jun | One hundred patients with classical (52) or definite (48) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at one year after onset were followed up for 25 years. By then 63 had died, in one third of whom RA had either directly caused or contributed to death. These patients, at one year after onset of arthritis, had a higher proportion with classical RA and more functional impairment than the rest. Thirty five of the surviving 37 patients were seen for review. Eleven were well with no functional impairment. At one year after onset they had a lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and higher haemoglobin than the others, in whom a poorer outcome was associated with a persistently raised ESR and lower haemoglobin. The initial Rose-Waaler titre was a poor prognostic guide, but a better functional outcome was associated with conversion to seronegativity or a marked fall in rheumatoid factor level. | |
| 2185914 | Diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy. | 1990 Apr | Arthroscopy has developed dramatically over the last 10 years. Surgeons now have the ability to perform many procedures arthroscopically in almost any joint that previously required arthrotomy. This has resulted in notable benefits in decreased morbidity, earlier return to full activity, and decreased cost. Considerable experimental work is being done to apply arthroscopic procedures to joints other than the knee and shoulder in order to develop new procedures to successfully treat disorders in these areas. | |
| 2256736 | Disease activity and joint damage progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: relation to I | 1990 Nov | The clinical and biochemical correlations with joint damage progression over two years in a consecutive group of 68 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with disease duration of less than two years are reported. Joint damage was assessed with Larsen's severity scale and a measure of change in progression rate constructed. Initial haemoglobin concentration, Ritchie index, and Waaler-Rose titre in combination accounted for one third of the variance in joint damage progression. Rheumatoid factor (RF) concentrations were followed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for IgG RF, IgA RF, and IgM RF. The RF concentrations, except IgG RF, decreased with time; significant correlations between RFs and disease activity were few and barely clinically useful. After two years IgG RF correlated significantly with a radiological score if early non-erosive changes were omitted. All RFs tended to correlate better with this radiological score at all three observation points. Analyses of the change in progression rate indicated a time delay between development of radiographic changes and increase of IgG RF. These results suggest an indirect relation between RFs and joint damage. Clinical and biochemical improvements in early RA occur despite joint damage progression, and conventional markers have insufficient predictive value. | |
| 3363283 | Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis in methotrexate-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients. | 1988 | Polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) chemotaxis was assessed using the in vitro under agarose assay in ten rheumatoid arthritis patients prior to and following a single 10-mg dose of methotrexate (MTX). PMNs obtained from patients after MTX showed a decreased chemotactic migration response to both zymosan activated serum (P less than 0.005) and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-phenylalanine (P less than 0.01). In similar conditions, no significant difference in chemotactic migration could be detected in six rheumatoid arthritis patients not on MTX. In contrast to the in vivo effects of MTX, there was no inhibition of normal PMN chemotactic migration following a 30-min in vitro incubation of the cells with MTX (P less than 0.99). | |
| 11188581 | Rheumatoid arthritis and the use of medical services. | 1991 Mar | Although there have been several studies examining the direct and indirect costs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), no studies have analyzed the group and individual factors that are associated with the use of services among RA patients. The present study applies the behavioral model of health services utilization developed by Andersen to data derived from interviews with 288 RA patients. The behavioral model proposes that the use of services is related to predisposing, enabling, and need variables. All visits within 6 months of the interview that were initiated by the patient, requested by the physician, in response to RA flare-ups and/or for physical therapy were analyzed. Ever having had surgery for RA also was analyzed. The results indicate that predisposing and enabling variables are related to use among these RA patients and, therefore, use is not a simple function of need. | |
| 2789795 | Prognostic significance of synovial fluid analysis in rheumatoid arthritis. | 1989 Aug | Thirty patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis and hydropsy in a knee joint were followed for 42 months in a prospective study. The knee joints were initially aspirated and 15 synovial fluid variables investigated. The patients were split into two groups, those with and those without progress of radiologically detected destruction in the knee joints during the follow-up. Of the synovial fluid variables at the start synovial fluid proteins (P = 0.002) and acid phosphatase (P = 0.03) differed statistically significantly between the groups, both being higher in patients with worsening of knee joint. The results suggest that high synovial fluid proteins and acid phosphatase are predictors of poor prognosis in a joint affected by rheumatoid arthritis. | |
| 3740996 | Mortality from amyloidosis and renal diseases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | 1986 Aug | Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 500 men and 500 women, aged 40 years and over, together with a control population matched by age and sex, were observed over a 10 year period. The overall mortality was significantly higher in both men and women with rheumatoid arthritis than in the controls due to an excess mortality from infections and cardiovascular and renal diseases. During the follow up 31 patients with RA (12 male, 19 female) and one male control subject died from amyloidosis and 42 RA patients (19 male, 23 female) and one male control from renal diseases. The most important causes of renal deaths were chronic nephritis and renal infections. | |
| 3673291 | [Psychogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis--what do we really know?]. | 1987 Jul | Empirical studies concerning the psychogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis are critically reviewed. Alexander's thesis that patients' suppressed aggressive impulses lead to increased muscle tension and hence to articular lesions has not thus far been given sufficient empirical support; there is not much evidence that people with rheumatoid arthritis show specific personality features, either. Human studies have not yet clearly demonstrated a connection between stressful life events and the onset or exacerbation of the disease; animal studies, in which the influence of stress on the development of rheumatoid symptoms was examined experimentally, have not yielded unambiguous results. However, these somewhat disappointing findings should not lead to the premature conclusion that psychological factors play no part in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. | |
| 1941814 | Computed tomography of the masticatory system in rheumatoid arthritis. | 1991 Aug | The resolution of computed tomography (CT) allows evaluation of hard and soft tissues of the masticatory system. Eleven patients with RA were scanned by CT in direct sagittal and coronal projection because of temporomandibular joint problems. Our results indicate that in addition to bony changes there are changes in the masticatory muscles. These are detectable by CT and may be caused by the RA itself or related to impaired function. | |
| 3393842 | [Importance of the HLA group in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of rheumatoid polya | 1988 Apr 30 | Determination of HLA typing in patients affected with rheumatologic diseases, is a major diagnosis tool. Beside the classic association HLA B27-ankylosing spondylitis, recent studies have demonstrated an anomaly high frequency of HLA-DW4 and HLA-DR4 in patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis as compared to a reference population. It has also been possible, in this disease, to determine HLA groups with a more severe rheumatoid arthritis and a higher risk of undesirable effects. However, these findings are, in practice, of limited interest, since the cost of such investigation does not justify looking for them systematically in order to establish a diagnosis, evaluate a prognosis or anticipate a therapeutic accident. | |
| 3485142 | Decreased suppressive B cell factor (SBF) in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence for a defect i | 1986 Mar 15 | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disorder characterized by defective immunoregulation. Hypergammaglobulinemia, circulating immune complexes (IC), and autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF) are common serum abnormalities. To assess IC-mediated feedback suppression in RA, we evaluated the ability of a suppressive B cell factor (SBF) generated by culturing heat-aggregated IgG (HAIgG) with peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) from patients with RA and normal controls to suppress the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced RF plaque-forming cell (PFC) response of normal PBL. RA patients generated less SBF than age-matched controls. Background suppression (supernatants obtained from PBL cultured without HAIgG) was similar in the RA patients and age-matched controls. To determine the effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy on suppression, RA patients and age-matched controls were studied before and after NSAID therapy. NSAID therapy significantly reduced background suppression in RA patients who were not on immunosuppressive drugs and in age-matched controls, but there was no effect on SBF in RA patients or controls. There was a small increase in background suppression when NSAID were administered to RA patients on immunosuppressives, suggesting an ameliorative effect of NSAID in this group of patients, which tended to increase their level of suppression when compared with RA patients only on NSAID. Spontaneous RF-PFC were measured in normal controls and RA patients and were compared with suppressor activity. There were increased numbers of spontaneous RF-PFC in RA patients. Total suppressor activity was greatest in young adult controls, who also had the least RF-PFC. The percentage of suppression correlated inversely with the number of RF-PFC in patients and controls. Additionally, disease activity in RA as measured by total joint count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was shown to correlate inversely with total suppressor activity. We conclude that the PBL from patients with RA produce decreased SBF after HAIgG stimulation and that loss of suppression is also associated with aging. This study suggests a defect in IC-stimulated B cell suppressor activity in RA leading to decreased ability to suppress antibody and further IC formation. The combination of increased RF-PFC and decreased SBF suggests that there is defective B cell autoregulation in RA, which may be involved in the pathogenesis and chronicity of this disease. | |
| 2067336 | [Changes in functional activity of granulocytopoiesis in patients with rheumatoid arthriti | 1991 Mar | Thirty-five RA patients with the disease history from 3 months to 15 years were examined. Seropositive RA was diagnosed in 19 patients, seronegative in 16 ones. A control group comprised 14 subjects aged 18-29. The marrow cells culturing occurred in the system agar drop-liquid. Compared to the reference group, in RA patients' precursor cells of granulomonocytopoiesis there was inhibited capacity for colony and cluster formation and predominance of small-size cell colonies. Colony-formation of marrow cells from seropositive RA patients was less active than in seronegative RA variant. Morphologic evaluation of the agar cultures showed prevalence of neutrophil colonies in the marrow cultures, though RA samples differed from those of healthy controls by a trend to a decline in the number of monocyte-macrophage cellular aggregates against similar proportions of eosinophilic colonies and clusters. | |
| 3493793 | Monoclonal antibody defined T cell subsets in primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome. | 1986 | Using monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series we studied the blood T lymphocyte subsets of 12 patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome, 15 with Rheumatoid Arthritis associated Sjögren's Syndrome and 10 normal controls. We found a marked reduction of T lymphocytes both in Primary and Secondary Sjögren's Syndrome compared with normal controls (p less than 0.001). While no difference was noted in the number of helper-inducer T cells between Primary and Secondary Sjögren's Syndrome, a more important decrease of suppressor-cytotoxic cells was demonstrated in Secondary Sjögren's Syndrome (p less than 0.01). These data may contribute to a better understanding of the disease. | |
| 2549241 | Increment of Tal positive cells in peripheral blood from patients with rheumatoid arthriti | 1989 Jul | Recently it was demonstrated that the Tal antigen is a marker for activated T cells and the population of Tal+ cells includes memory T cells. Our study was undertaken to analyze Tal+ cells in peripheral blood from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and examine the correlation between the proportion of Tal+ cells and disease activity. Using a dual immunofluorescent method, T cell subsets were analyzed in peripheral blood from 46 patients with RA, 10 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 10 healthy subjects. Patients with RA had a significantly higher percentage of T cells bearing the Tal antigen than patients with OA and healthy subjects. Furthermore, the percentage of CD3+Tal+ cells in peripheral blood from patients with RA was significantly correlated with disease activity including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, morning stiffness and the Lansbury index, whereas CD3+ HLA-DR+ cells did not correlate. In serial observations in patients with RA, the percentage of CD3+ Tal+ cells decreased in accordance with the improvement of disease activity. Thus, we suggest that the percentage of Tal+ cells may be a marker of the disease activity in patients with RA. | |
| 2360000 | Rheumatoid arthritis evaluated by locomotion score. A population study. | 1990 | The effects of rheumatoid arthritis on locomotion status were assessed in an epidemiologically representative Swedish population sample. In a steady community of 12,707 inhabitants, 82 patients were found fulfilling ARA criteria 5-8 (Rome 1961). Prevalence was 0.51% for men, 0.78 for women and 0.65 in the overall population (unpublished observation). The ratio women:men was 1:0.67. Mean age was 65 (30-92) years, age at onset 47 (7-91) and disease duration 19 (1-65) years. All patients were evaluated clinically with total locomotion score (best = 100, worst = 0). This was 72 (24-96) overall; 76 (24-96) for men and 68 (30-94) for women. Among the ages above 64, women had significantly (p less than 0.02) lower scores than men. Mean subjective score (max. 100) was 62 (4-93) overall; 67 (5-93) for men and 58 (9-92) for women, and objective score (max. 100) 82 (23-100); 85 (44-99) for men and 78 (23-100) for women. Over the years, a total of 108 reconstructive operations had been performed on 36 out of the 82 patients (44%). Indication for further reconstructive surgery was found in as many as 56% of the patients, including 58 major joint replacements. Scores for patients in need of operation were significantly lower than those for those who were considered not to need an operation. | |
| 1983295 | [Mixed hepatopathy due to parenteral gold salts]. | 1990 Sep | A case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of long evolution associated to dry syndrome, who developed a dissociated cholestasis after parenteral administration of gold salts, is suppression of gold salts. We comment on the clinical, biochemical, and histological features of intrahepatic cholestasis related to gold salts, as well as the evolution and the necessary criteria in order to make the diagnosis. We highlight the normal level of bilirubin, comparing it to that described in the literature. | |
| 3056693 | Immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 1988 Sep | Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common form of severe inflammatory arthropathy affecting patients at a relatively early age. Although there are a number of drugs which significantly reduce pain and swelling, few alter the development of erosions and progression of joint destruction. A significant number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis develop this progressive disability and will require treatment with corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents. In this article the use of immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids in the treatment of aggressive rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed. Controlled clinical trials have shown that a number of these drugs can play a significant role in reducing pain and swelling and might possibly alter the disease course in rheumatoid arthritis. Side effects of these agents, including the potential for oncogenesis, still pose major problems in their long term use. The risks and benefits of immunosuppressive and corticosteroid drug therapy must be balanced in each patient to whom they are prescribed and reviewed at frequent intervals. |