Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2157516 | Synovial fluid calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals and alizarin red positivity: analy | 1990 Apr | Three thousand synovial fluids (1312 patients: chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy (CPA), 41%; osteoarthritis (OA), 12%; rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 16%) were examined for crystals, including calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD), by polarized microscopy (score 0-3); calcific particles, by alizarin red positivity (ARP; 0-3); and total cell count. For 1150 fluids, local joint inflammation was assessed as 'active' or 'inactive' using a summated score of six clinical variables. CPPD and ARP scores did not correlate, but each showed positive correlation with age (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.02 respectively). Pseudogout had the highest mean CPPD score (P less than 0.001); intermittent CPPD positivity (range 8-100%) was seen in serially aspirated CPA joints, and there was no difference in CPPD positivity or score between active and inactive CPA. ARP was most frequent in OA subsets (72% of CPA, 46% of OA, 31% of RA; P less than 0.001). ARP was more frequent in active than inactive OA (P less than 0.05) but showed no association with inflammation in CPA or RA. Cell counts were higher in RA and pseudogout compared to OA and CPA, and in active compared to inactive RA. No correlation was found between ARP or CPPD scores and cell count. Cholesterol crystals were uncommon (0.2%) and showed no disease or joint predilection. In arthritic joints, CPPD and calcific particles particularly associate with the OA process and ageing. CPPD may contribute to acute and other calcific particles to chronic inflammation in OA. | |
| 3696453 | [Rheumatoid factors, C-reactive protein and circulating immunocomplexes: laser-nephelometr | 1987 Dec 15 | C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor assays are relevant laboratory parameters, among the most used in the clinical practice, being very useful in diagnosing and "monitoring" rheumatic diseases. A quantitative test to detect these two serum proteins is an important, more specific, new tool for clinical medicine. In our study we evaluated two new laser nephelometric assays, both quantitative, based on the agglutination of polystyrene latex particles, able to show serum concentration of CRP and RF. With a similar technique we tested the presence of circulating immune complexes. We performed our tests in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, other autoimmune diseases, and healthy blood bank donors assaying simultaneously, whenever possible, the "classic" Rose-Waaler and RA tests. We found both methods easy to perform, well correlating with the semi-quantitative techniques and highly reproducible. | |
| 1963680 | [Scintigraphy in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylarthritis in children]. | 1990 | Scintigraphic examination of the joints and spine was performed in 42 children with Bekhterev's disease and rheumatoid arthritis to establish different accumulation of 99mTc-pyrophosphate. In Bekhterev's disease, elevated concentration of the radio-indicator was detected was detected in the joints of the lower limbs, including hip joints, in the sacroiliac parts of the spine and in heels. In rheumatoid arthritis, it was mainly detectable in the joints of the upper limbs and sometimes in the cervical part of the spine. Scintigraphy of the joints may be helpful in differential diagnosis of the above-indicated disease entities. | |
| 1655318 | Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. | 1991 Oct | Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA) occur occasionally in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but their incidence and clinical significance have been unclear. In this study we have investigated 58 patients with RA. In 22 patients the disease was inactive and the remaining 36 with active disease were further subdivided into those without clinical evidence of vasculitis (26), those with cutaneous vasculitis (8) and those with systemic vasculitis (2). ANCA were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence in 10 of the 58 patients (17%). While both perinuclear (pANCA) and cytoplasmic (cANCA) staining were detected, pANCA were more common (70%). Neutrophil-specific anti-nuclear antibodies (ANNA) were demonstrated in a further eight sera (14%) and ANA were detected on Hep-2 cells in 30 of the 58 sera (52%). ELISAs for the detection of anti-myeloperoxidase and anti-elastase antibodies were then established. Five sera with pANCA and five that contained ANNA were negative for both anti-myeloperoxidase and anti-elastase antibodies, suggesting other as yet unidentified cytoplasmic antigens as the target molecules. However, anti-myeloperoxidase or anti-elastase antibodies were found in four sera that had homogeneous or speckled ANA on both Hep-2 cells and neutrophils. One serum contained both antibodies. The presence of ANCA detected by indirect immunofluorescence or of anti-myeloperoxidase or anti-elastase antibodies in these patients with RA was not associated with disease activity nor with the demonstration of cutaneous vasculitis or renal disease (P NS). A possible association with systemic vasculitis remains to be confirmed. There is an incomplete correlation between indirect immunofluorescence patterns and antibody specificity in ELISA systems. | |
| 2572231 | Anti-CD4 antibody treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: II. Effect of in vivo t | 1989 Oct | In treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with anti-CD4 antibodies (MT151 10 mg/day, 7 d) we observed diminished skin-test response to recall antigens and reduced proliferative response to antigens and mitogens (in vitro) 2-4 h following the injection. To investigate whether this diminished response is due to functional impairment of CD4+ cells, we analyzed the proliferative response of CD4+ cells to various stimuli, in conditions where the CD4 structure was either cross-linked or not. We found that in vivo anti-CD4-antibody-coated cells could be induced to proliferate if the anti-CD4 antibody was cross-linked with an anti-CD3 antibody [BMA030-F(ab')2] added in vitro and per se non-mitogenic. Also, without cross-linking the cell-bound anti-CD4 antibodies, no impairment of the proliferative capacity of CD4-antibody-coated cells could be detected; double fluorescence analyses of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)- or CD3-stimulated cells showed that a similar proportion of CD4+ cells proliferated before and after anti-CD4-antibody treatment. The diminished proliferation observed following anti-CD4 treatment correlated to the reduced number of CD3+ and CD4+ cells in culture, which suggests that altered cell distribution might be one factor contributing to the impaired immune response. | |
| 3309546 | Impaired glucose handling in active rheumatoid arthritis: effects of corticosteroids and a | 1987 Oct | Forty-two patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were studied serially with respect to glucose metabolism after the institution of different anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic therapies. Sixteen patients received 20 mg of prednisolone daily. After 1 week of treatment the mean k value in glucose tolerance tests increased from 1.0 +/- 0.1 (SEM) to 1.6 +/- 0.1 (P less than .001). The corticosteroid therapy thus restored the glucose tolerance to normal and significantly enhanced the insulin response (P less than .01). Corticosteroids also normalized the growth hormone response to glucose infusion but had no effect on plasma glucagon. Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs did not affect the k values nor the hormonal pattern either after short-term treatment or after three months of therapy, except for causing a minor increase in the plasma glucagon levels both before and after glucose infusion. The long-term effects of treatment with penicillamine (n = 4), chloroquine (n = 7), and immunosuppressive agents [corticosteroids combined with azathioprine or cyclophosphamide (n = 7)], were an improvement of the clinical state, a reduction of the inflammatory activity, and a reversal of the glucose handling to normal. | |
| 1920335 | Reliability of grip strength, walking time and button test performed according to a standa | 1991 Jul | Excellent interobserver and intraobserver reliability (reproducibility) was seen for the grip strength, walking time and button test measures in 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), when measurement was performed according to a standard protocol. Evidence of reliability, coupled with the observation that baseline measures predict longterm morbidity and mortality in individual patients, suggests that these measures might be more widely used in general rheumatologic care. | |
| 1923404 | Radiologic changes in temporomandibular, hand, and foot joints of patients with rheumatoid | 1991 Aug | Radiologic changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and in the joints of the hand and foot were recorded for 90 adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The severity of the changes was graded according to the Larsen classification of six grades (O to V), and mainly erosive changes were recorded. The assessment of the radiographs was performed with the aid of reference films. The radiologic changes in the TMJs corresponded to grade II (definite early abnormality) and paralleled those of most of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints. The most severe changes were localized to the wrists, with a median grade of III (moderate destructive abnormality). The severity of the changes was similar on the right and left sides of the TMJ. We conclude that TMJ involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is severe and warrants a thorough initial clinical examination. Such a strategy will facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of TMJ changes in the early stages of the disease. | |
| 2644672 | Psychiatric and psychologic aspects of fibromyalgia syndrome. | 1989 Feb | Most previous psychologic and psychiatric studies of patients with fibromyalgia have utilized instruments that do not control for pain and therefore may be falsely interpreted as indicative of increased depression, hysteria, or hypochondriasis. Future studies must utilize psychiatric techniques that take into account a coexistent medical condition and such evaluation should include patients with varying levels of severity of fibromyalgia symptoms and utilization of health care. | |
| 3015056 | Serum osteocalcin in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides: relation bet | 1986 Jun | Osteocalcin, a vitamin K dependent protein synthesised by osteoblasts, was measured in serum by radioimmunoassay in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 36) and seronegative spondyloarthropathies (n = 23). The serum osteocalcin levels were decreased in both patient groups compared with the levels measured in age and sex matched healthy controls. We found no relation between serum osteocalcin and the disease duration or inflammatory activity of the patients who were without drug treatment at the first examination. After administration of glucocorticoids (20 mg prednisolone a day) circulating osteocalcin decreased significantly after one week of treatment. During gradual reduction of the steroid dosage osteocalcin returned to pretreatment values. Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) did not influence circulating osteocalcin. During treatment with chloroquine or penicillamine serum osteocalcin increased significantly, concomitant with a reduction of the acute phase reactants. Controversy persists about the abnormality of bone turnover in rheumatic diseases, but our data suggest that the overall bone turnover is decreased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides. | |
| 2886241 | Improving the response to gold or D-penicillamine by addition of sulphasalazine. A pilot s | 1987 Apr | In a 6-month open pilot study 25 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) whose disease was refractory to Gold or D-Penicillamine (DPA) were given Sulphasalazine (SAS) in addition. Three patients withdrew because of nausea. Twenty-two patients who completed therapy showed significant improvement in clinical and laboratory measures of disease activity. | |
| 3621942 | Oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking and other factors in relation to arthritis. | 1987 May | The data on oral contraceptive use and arthritis in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study have been analysed. For rheumatoid arthritis, the rate of first referral to hospital was 0.33 per 1000 woman-years in those who never used oral contraceptives (27 cases), 0.33 per 1000 woman-years in ex-users of oral contraceptives (29 cases) and 0.44 per 1000 woman-years in current users of oral contraceptives (22 cases). Likewise, there was no important association between oral contraceptive use and other forms of arthritis. An unexpected finding was a strong association between referral to hospital for rheumatoid arthritis and cigarette smoking; the rate in women never smoking was 0.27 per 1000 woman-years (34 cases) and in those smoking 15 or more cigarettes per day was 0.64 per 1000 woman-years (19 cases). | |
| 3309291 | Current status of total joint arthroplasty: observations and projections. | 1987 Aug | The 10-20 year results and complications of the first generation of total hip arthroplasties suggest that early problems such as infection, component breakage, and early loosening have been controlled, but that late aseptic loosening is now the major problem. Newer approaches will bring with them a new set of complications which must be carefully monitored. A standardized rating scheme and computerized information bank will allow more rapid analysis of trends and problems. A number of joint preserving alternatives to total replacement are available but intervention must be early, before a salvage situation exists. | |
| 2183806 | Measurement of functional status, quality of life, and utility in rheumatoid arthritis. | 1990 Apr | In 40 years of development in the area of quality of life, the goal of applicability to the individual patient has not been accomplished. During the 1980s, we strived to improve the applicability of these instruments by refining disease-specific measures and developing patient-specific measures so that the sensitivity of these tools to clinically important change could be increased and comparative indices across conditions could be established. Finding the balance between brevity, reliability, and comprehensiveness will improve practicality. The reliability of serial measurements using the various instruments in individual patients and in small groups of patients needs to be established. In the absence of a gold standard, validity will continue to be derived from testing new measures against accepted clinical measures. The ideal tool for use in clinical practice has not yet been developed. At this time, the clinician may choose among the many reliable and valid questionnaires assessing functional status, health status, and utility, according to his or her purpose. The information gathered from these instruments may help identify patients' problems, set treatment priorities, direct interventions, monitor the longitudinal course of disease, and assist in program evaluation and policy planning. | |
| 3480612 | Morphologic, radiologic and thermometric assessment of degenerative and inflammatory tempo | 1987 | TMJ autopsy specimens were examined with tomography. The joint surfaces were examined for structural changes. The radiologic methods was evaluated for ability of detecting these changes. A microscopic examination was performed concerning form and position of the disc, and histological features of radiologic cysts, erosion and sclerosis. Symptom-free individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined thermometrically. The patients were also examined radiologically. The sensitivity of tomography increased with severity and extent of the structural changes and was higher for changes localized to the condyle than the temporal component. In areas with radiologic cyst, erosion and sclerosis there were macroscopic lesions in the condyle, while the temporal component more often was intact. Macroscopic structural changes were correlated between right and left TM joints. Anterior disc position was associated with perforation of the posterior attachment of the disc. Severity of radiologic changes in individuals with RA is correlated to duration and severity of subjective symptoms and clinical signs from the joint. The intra-articular temperature range in RA patients is greater than in symptom-free individuals. Pain and tenderness of the TMJ and masticatory muscles are thereby associated with hypothermia of the TMJ. | |
| 3469101 | Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of diclofenac sodium and its hydroxylated metabol | 1986 | Plasma and knee joint synovial fluid (SF) concentration of diclofenac sodium and its hydroxylated metabolites were measured after chronic dosing with the 100 mg polymer matrix formulation. Peak concentrations were reached in plasma and SF roughly after administration. Plasma concentrations then fell rapidly, but concentrations in SF were maintained for up to 25 h. The active metabolite was present in both fluids throughout the study period. The slow-release form showed a longer plasma/SF equilibration time than the conventional tablet had in a previous study. Prostaglandin E1 and F2 alpha concentrations were lower in the early post-dose period but did not correlate with drug concentrations. | |
| 2746592 | Is the MMPI invalid for assessing psychological disturbance in pain related organic condit | 1989 Apr | The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was analyzed in 30 patients with fibromyalgia and 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Eighteen statements on the hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria scales and 14 statements on the schizophrenia scale differentiated patients with fibromyalgia and RA. Patients with fibromyalgia had higher scores on 29 of the 32 statements. Patients with RA seemed appropriately concerned about health and the possibility of additional illness. By contrast, patients with fibromyalgia were more symptomatic and presented a more unusual and complex syndrome, raising the possibility of a somatoform disorder and also greater personal distress in these patients. On the basis of analyzing the scores of patients with RA, one can also conclude that physical illness alone is not sufficient to drive MMPI profiles into the abnormal range. Patients with fibromyalgia who have a similar degree of pain intensity compared with patients with RA (61.3 vs 60 on a scale of 100) have significantly more abnormal MMPI, and analysis of their MMPI suggest a more complex somatic syndrome and greater psychological disturbance. | |
| 1837315 | Pain, disability, and pain/disability relationships in seven rheumatic disorders: a study | 1991 Oct | We studied the pain, Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire functional disability, pain/disability ratio, and psychological scores in 1,522 patients with rheumatic disease with 7 distinct disorders. Individual differences between patients were more striking than differences among diagnostic groups. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had the greatest disability, least pain, lowest pain/disability ratio, and least abnormal psychological scores. Highest pain and psychological distress was noted in low back pain, neck pain, and fibromyalgia (axial disorders). Disability in activities of daily living was as high in fibromyalgia as in RA, but low in axial skeletal disorders. There appears to be a continuum for disability that begins with axial but not articular disease (neck and back pain) and ends with multiple articular and periarticular involvement (RA and fibromyalgia). | |
| 1964350 | [Is transcranial magnetic stimulation a helpful method in diagnosis of cervical myelopathy | 1990 Sep | Fifty-seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined clinically, radiologically, and by means of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation. With this method central motor conduction times of the corticospinal pathways can be measured. The aim of the study was to compare the different methods to detect a cervical myelopathy and to correlate them. In 90% of patients clinical signs of cervical myelopathy could be detected, although in two-thirds of these, the neurological deficit was minimal. Radiologically, over 50% of patients had an atlanto-axid dislocation (AAD) of more than 5 mm. The central motor latencies measured in the upper extremities were prolonged in 47% of cases. These results show the usefulness of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation as an additional noninvasive investigation for detecting compression of the cervical myelon. This is an additional useful criterion for determining the need for operative intervention. | |
| 3134176 | Fatal hepatic necrosis associated with parenteral gold therapy. | 1988 Aug | Two young black male patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents developed fulminant hepatic necrosis following the institution of parenteral gold therapy. These cases, reported from different institutions, may represent a severe form of idiosyncratic gold hepatonecrosis. Awareness of the possible association between gold therapy and severe hepatic injury may become increasingly important as oral gold preparations become widely available. |