Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3942755 | Antioxidant properties of the proteins caeruloplasmin, albumin and transferrin. A study of | 1986 Jan 30 | Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have altered protein patterns in their serum and synovial fluid which influences the antioxidant activity of these fluids. Rheumatoid serum has a higher antioxidant activity than control serum when ferrous and ferric ions stimulate membrane damage. The raised levels of caeruloplasmin and the lower iron saturation of transferrin contribute to these differences. When membrane damage is stimulated by a copper salt, rheumatoid serum does not show an increased antioxidant protection and has probably a lower protective activity than control serum. Attempts to damage caeruloplasmin and transferrin with oxygen radicals were unsuccessful. However, prolonged incubations with trypsin reduced the iron-binding capacity of transferrin and decreased the ferroxidase and antioxidant properties of caeruloplasmin. Copper was released from caeruloplasmin under these conditions. | |
| 2467354 | Phenotypic and functional features of CD5+ B lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. | 1988 | Using flow cytometry B lymphocytes expressing CD5 were increased in the blood of 15 out of 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In contrast to the monoclonal CD5+ B lymphocytes in patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, CD5+ B cells from RA patients and neonatal cord blood are polyclonal as demonstrated by kappa/lambda expression. These B cells co-express mu and delta heavy chains and are CD19, CD20, CD21 positive. Purified CD5+ and CD5- B cells appeared of similar size and granularity as judged by light scatter values. Staphylococcus aureus C stimulated cord blood B cells showed loss of CD5 antigen following activation and production of similar amounts of IgM-rheumatoid factor (RF). EBV stimulation of purified RA B subsets lead to greater production of IgM-RF by CD5+ B cells than by CD5-B cells suggesting an enrichment of precursor cells in this fraction. | |
| 2517765 | [The content of lysosomal enzymes in the synovial membrane affected by a rheumatoid proces | 1989 Oct | The activity of lysosomal hydrolases in biopsy samples of the synovial membrane taken from patients with rheumatoid arthritis gives an idea about the local activity of the process. This agrees with the histological picture of the synovial membrane. It has been established that the enzymatic activity depends on the site of the puncture for taking biopsy material. | |
| 2378175 | [Comparison of mid- and high dosage methylprednisolone pulse therapy in chronic polyarthri | 1990 May | Intravenous pulse methylprednisolone of 1000 mg was compared with 250 mg in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. In this prospective open trial no difference could be observed regarding the number of heavily involved joints, morning stiffness, or blood sedimentation rate 2 weeks and 2 months after use of highdose or intermediate dose intravenous methylprednisolone. Medium remission duration was 6 weeks (2-24 weeks). Side effects occurred only rarely; they were transitory and harmless. | |
| 3453978 | Stress-relief osteoporosis of the anterior femoral condyles in total knee replacement. A s | 1987 Jul | A study has been conducted to examine anterior femoral condylar osteoporosis. A series of 65 ICLH knees with a more than four-year follow-up and a series of 120 Tricon P knees were examined radiologically. It was found that almost all cases showed anterior femoral condylar osteoporosis beginning at three months and stabilizing at two years. It was more severe in those with rheumatoid arthritis than in those with osteoarthritis. This type of osteoporosis can be prevented by using a layer of cement more than 7 mm thick or by using reinforcing screws in the condyles. Femoral component loosening leads to regression of the changes. This osteoporosis does not give rise to for revision arise in a case of this type, bone should be available for grafting the anterior femoral condyles. | |
| 3190985 | How can we design trials to detect clinically important changes in disease severity? | 1988 Oct | 1. Forty-eight British rheumatologists judged the change in disease activity in 50 sets of patient data drawn from life and presented as 'paper patients'. Each set comprised two values, recorded a year apart, for 10 commonly measured clinical variables. Doctors recorded the size of improvement or deterioration on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and whether the change was clinically important or not. 2. Clinical judgement policies were modelled using linear regression of the clinical variables on the VAS score. 3. Doctors showed little agreement over which patients had improved and which had not. Possible reasons could be discovered by inspecting their judgement policies. 4. The weights attributed to the clinical variables differed considerably between doctors. Furthermore weights the doctors believed they attached to the variables frequently differed from the weights in the regression models. 5. These models could be used to calculate the smallest change required in any clinical variable before it would be considered clinically important. However, the size of such changes was often outside the observed clinical range suggesting that the use of single outcome variables is unrealistic. 6. The modelling procedure described can be applied during the planning stage of the trial to participating physicians, patients, health economists or any other group having an interest in the results. The models themselves can then be used to reach a consensus policy for judging what is a successful outcome. This may be expressed as a linear combination of specific outcome measures. Its use may improve the power of clinical trials and the relevance of their results. | |
| 2122932 | Occurrence of two germline-related rheumatoid factor idiotypes in rheumatoid arthritis and | 1990 Nov | Human rheumatoid factor (RF) paraproteins express two distinct light chain cross-reactive idiotypes defined by the monoclonal antibodies 17.109 and 6B6.6. These germline gene-related cross-reactive idiotypes are both carried on VK3 light chains and are each present on about one-third of IgM RF paraproteins. We assessed the degree to which these idiotypes are represented in polyclonal RFs. We used rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-RA RF-positive sera selected from a large cross-sectional population study (the Mini-Finland Health Survey), and sera from a community-based follow-up study of recent-onset RA patients from Heinola, Finland. In the Mini-Finland Health Survey, elevated levels of the 17.109 RF idiotype were seen in sera of 13% of the RA and 19% of the non-RA group; 6B6.6 RF was seen in 26% of the RA and 28% of the non-RA group. In sera of the Heinola follow-up study, 17.109 RF was seen in 12% initially, but in only 3% at 8 years. Similarly, 6B6.6 RF was detected in 25% initially, but in only 7% at 8 years. Ten sera positive for RF prior to the onset of clinical RA were identified from individuals of a second large population study from Finland (North Karelia project); two of these sera exhibited the 6B6.6 idiotype; none exhibited the 17.109 idiotype. The data are consistent with the concept that these germline gene-related cross-reactive RF idiotypes occur frequently in the polyclonal RF of non-RA as well as RA sera, and that in RA the idiotypes may sometimes be reduced or lost as a consequence of somatic diversification of the RF through somatic mutation, usage of new germline genes, or both. | |
| 2399012 | [Spectrophotometric study of synovial exudate in differential diagnosis of pigmented villo | 1990 May | The authors have studied the spectrophotometric characteristics of the synovial exudates in the patients with diseases of the knee joint of various etiology. The presence of two main maximums of the absorption spectra has been revealed in the wave frequencies of 280 and 460-465 nm. It has been determined that with regard to the optical densitys in the protein component (280 nm) and the pigments (460 nm) absorption area it is possible to differentiate very precisely pigmented villondular synovitis and other pathologies. | |
| 1985412 | Oxidative damage to lipids within the inflamed human joint provides evidence of radical-me | 1991 Jan | Previous work has established the existence of a pathophysiological environment within the inflamed human joint, capable of sustaining a hypoxic-reperfusion event. Using four different assay systems (two standard and two novel) applied to synovial fluid for the assessment of lipid peroxidation, a series of studies demonstrate that exercise of the inflamed human knee promotes radical-mediated lipid peroxidation within the joint. The implication for novel antioxidant therapeutic approaches to inflammatory joint disease is discussed. | |
| 2341446 | Primary total hip replacement in patients over 80 years of age. | 1990 May | We have reviewed 107 patients of 80 years or over who underwent primary total hip replacement. They had many more complications than younger patients. Thus, acute dislocation occurred in 15%, and became chronic in 9%; there were femoral shaft fractures in 4.6% and these, with shaft perforation gave universally poor results. Nevertheless, 75% of patients had a satisfactory outcome, with worthwhile relief of pain. It would seem sensible to warn elderly patients and their relatives of the increased risks in this age group. | |
| 3331326 | Skin and nail changes in the arthritic foot. | 1987 Aug | The arthritic process is unlikely to be confined to the foot; similarly the cutaneous lesions associated with the arthritic foot are often widespread. Careful examination of the skin and nails, particularly the finger nails, may be helpful in the differential diagnosis when the patient presents with a painful foot joint. Conversely, certain cutaneous lesions may alert the physician to the possibility of joint disorders presenting at some later date. In this chapter, it is not possible to mention every skin lesion associated with an arthropathy. Some skin lesions are specific but many are non-specific and occur in several rheumatic diseases. The rheumatologist and dermatologist work in closest co-operation when managing patients with lupus erythematosus and psoriatic arthritis and it is for this reason there is particular emphasis on these two diseases. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and gout usually come within the province of the rheumatologist, but there are often many characteristic dermatological features to these diseases. This chapter also includes some more esoteric diseases such as Familial Mediterranean fever, Behçet's syndrome, disseminated gonococcal infection and Lyme disease which may present a diagnostic problem to the general physician, rheumatologist or dermatologist. | |
| 3052054 | Newer laboratory parameters for the diagnosis of rheumatic disease. | 1988 Oct 14 | Measurement of serum autoantibodies is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of connective tissue diseases. Approximately 15 percent of patients with rheumatoid arthritis are seronegative for rheumatoid factor by standard assays. The development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for additional isotypic and idiotypic determinants may expand the diagnostic sensitivity of rheumatoid factor measurements. Although extremely sensitive, the finding of antinuclear antibodies is not highly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus and related disorders; the ability to rapidly screen serum against newly characterized specific nuclear antigens has been helpful in the diagnosis of newly described systemic lupus erythematosus subtypes, overlap syndromes, Sjögren's syndrome, and scleroderma variants. Women with unexplained recurrent fetal loss and patients with unexplained thrombotic episodes should be screened for the presence of the anticardiolipin antibody. Glycoproteins (C-reactive protein, alpha-1-glycoprotein, fibronectin) may prove useful as indicators of rheumatic disease activity and the efficacy of therapeutic intervention. | |
| 2918003 | Cranial subluxation of the odontoid process in rheumatoid arthritis. | 1989 Feb | In eighteen patients who had long-standing severe rheumatoid polyarthritis, cranial subluxation of the odontoid process was caused by erosion and collapse of both the occipitocervical and the atlantoaxial facet joints. In five of the patients, the subluxation caused impairment of cranial nerves. One patient was tetraparetic. Six patients had a posterior fusion of the spine; of these, three also had laminectomy of the atlas. Operative treatment seemed to arrest the subluxation, but there was appreciable functional improvement in only four of the six patients. During an average of four years of follow-up, in the twelve conservatively treated patients, the cranial subluxation of the odontoid process progressed, on average, from 8.6 to 10.5 millimeters. | |
| 3324202 | The genetics of rheumatic disease in man. | 1987 Dec | This article reviews the current knowledge of genetic factors conferring susceptibility to several major rheumatic disorders, in particular, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjögren's syndrome. Emphasis is given to major histocompatibility complex associations with these diseases, particularly rapidly evolving knowledge of class II HLA genes and disease-conferring "epitopes." Non-MHC-linked genes, such as T cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes, also may be involved. | |
| 2390125 | Synthesis of specific IgG idiotypes by rheumatoid synovium. | 1990 Aug | Synovial tissue samples from 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were cultured, and the IgG antibodies isolated from the synovial culture supernatants were used to immunize rabbits to make 6 antiidiotypic (anti-Id) antibody preparations. After extensive adsorption, the rabbit anti-Id were tested in a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Each anti-Id reacted predominantly with the immunizing synovial IgG and showed almost no reactivity with either pooled normal human serum IgG or with IgG from 50 normal donors. When identical amounts of matched rheumatoid arthritis serum IgG and synovial culture supernatant IgG were probed simultaneously with the corresponding rabbit anti-Id in an ELISA, 3 of 6 pairs demonstrated an increased concentration of specific idiotypes in the synovial culture supernatant IgG. Furthermore, when these 6 matched samples were subsequently analyzed by isoelectric focusing, individual IgG antibodies in 5 of 6 synovial IgG samples revealed enhanced reactivity with the corresponding rabbit anti-Id preparations, when compared with matched serum IgG. This increased synovial concentration of specific idiotypes detected by both the ELISA and isoelectric focusing was compatible with enhanced synovial tissue synthesis of the antibodies involved. These specific Id/anti-Id reactivities were not blocked by excess normal human Fc, Fab, or F(ab')2 fragments, indicating a lack of association of the stimulating synovial antibodies with rheumatoid factors or antibodies against other IgG fragments (pepsin agglutinators). | |
| 3260544 | Interleukin-1 production by mononuclear cells from rheumatoid synovial effusions. | 1988 Jul | The polypeptide interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a cytokine that may mediate inflammation and connective tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined cytokine production by normal blood and by rheumatoid synovial mononuclear cells with sensitive (picomolar) assays. The assays were immunolabeling and immunoblotting with rabbit anti-IL-1 beta sera, and proliferation of the murine D10 cell line to IL-1. Little or no cytokine was detected in rheumatoid joint fluid or in exudate mononuclear cells from patients with acute rheumatoid flares. The mononuclear cells could be induced to make IL-1 upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The responsive cells were monocytes, since all could be double-labeled with anti-IL-1 and the monocyte-specific CD14 antibody. More than 80% of the synovial fluid monocytes made IL-1 beta after 24 hr in 2 ng/ml LPS. Other agents failed to induce IL-1 from enriched populations of monocytes including interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), poly (I/C), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and anti-CD3 antibodies. Relatively high levels of dendritic cells (DC) were present in RA effusions, but these did not produce IL-1 in response to any of the above stimuli. Blood dendritic cells also did not make IL-1, whereas blood monocytes responded comparably to synovial exudate cells. The data indicate that rheumatoid exudate monocytes make very little IL-1 during acute flares of arthritis and that this cytokine is primarily a macrophage rather than a dendritic cell product. | |
| 2393036 | Cholesterol-lowering effect of hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatic disease: reve | 1990 Sep | PURPOSE: The effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and high- (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 155 women were divided into the following treatment groups: Group A: patients taking HCQ and no steroids (n = 58); Group B: patients taking steroids and no HCQ (n = 35); Group C: patients receiving both HCQ and steroids (n = 18); and Group D: patients receiving neither HCQ nor steroids (n = 44). RESULTS: HCQ therapy had a high statistical association with low serum levels of cholesterol (181 mg/dL; p = 0.0006), triglycerides (106 mg/dL; p = 0.0459), and LDL (101 mg/dL; p = 0.0004), irrespective of concomitant steroid administration. The HCQ-treated group (A) had lower cholesterol (181 mg/dL; p = 0.0039) and LDL (101 mg/dL; p = 0.007) levels than those receiving neither HCQ nor steroids (205 mg/dL) and 128 mg/dL) (Group D). No HDL differences were observed. CONCLUSION: The effects of HCQ do not appear to be due to changes in diet or weight, and the drug was well tolerated. Although the mechanism of cholesterol lowering by HCQ is not known, this drug deserves further investigation for its lipid-lowering properties. | |
| 2004546 | Acemetacin and indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind compa | 1991 | A multi-centre, double-blind, randomized parallel group study was undertaken in general practice to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug acemetacin with indomethacin in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. One hundred and seventy-three patients were treated for 6 weeks with either acemetacin or indomethacin. Most patients received 120 mg acemetacin per day or 100 mg indomethacin per day. Both drugs produced statistically significant improvements in the primary efficacy variables, ARA articular index, grip strength, and morning stiffness. Overall response to acemetacin was slightly superior to indomethacin, but was not statistically significant. With regard to tolerability, the incidence and severity of gastro-intestinal adverse effects was significantly less with acemetacin than with indomethacin, and central nervous system adverse effects were also markedly fewer. It was concluded that acemetacin was at least as effective as indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but has significant advantages in terms of tolerability. | |
| 2903928 | Comparisons of sulfasalazine to gold and placebo in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 1988 Sep | Studies comparing sulfasalazine to gold or placebo are few in number. Two controlled trials have been conducted comparing sulfasalazine and placebo, and 2 uncontrolled trials have compared sulfasalazine and gold sodium thiomalate. A controlled trial conducted by the Cooperative Systematic Studies of Rheumatic Diseases compared enteric coated sulfasalazine, gold, and placebo. These studies suggest that sulfasalazine is superior to placebo but is associated with significant side effects, particularly gastrointestinal. These studies also suggest that sulfasalazine is similar in efficacy to gold, but with lesser and milder toxicity. Additional comparison studies are indicated. | |
| 3621967 | Prostaglandin E1 in pulmonary hypertension of collagen disease. | 1987 Sep | A 47-yr-old woman with low cardiac output and dyspnea due to pulmonary hypertension associated with rheumatoid arthritis was treated with two vasodilators. Although nicardipine, a Ca-channel blocking agent, reduced the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), it reduced simultaneously the arterial BP, resulting in fluid retention with a low urine output and persistent high CVP. In contrast, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) reduced successfully both the PAP and CVP. Although the BP decreased, a satisfactory urine output was maintained. The cardiac output increased from 3 to 4.5 L/min. PGE1 may help reduce reversible pulmonary hypertension of collagen disease. |