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PMID	Title	PublicationDate	abstract
2585404	Antibody to streptococcal cell wall peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers in sera of patie	1989 Aug	Sera of 88 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) (10 seropositive, polyarticular onset, 29 seronegative, polyarticular onset, 32 pauciarticular onset, and 17 systemic onset) were evaluated for the presence of serum antibodies to streptococcal cell wall peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers (PG-PSP). Immune complexes (IC) isolated by the antihuman IgM (HIgM) affinity column method were also evaluated for the presence of antibodies to PG-PSP. Forty-one of 88 patients with JRA (7 of 10 seropositive, polyarticular onset, 11 of 29 seronegative, polyarticular onset, 16 of 32 pauciarticular onset, and 7 of 17 systemic onset) showed elevated levels of antibodies to PG-PSP in their sera. IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) were demonstrated in 70/88 isolated IC fractions of patients with JRA and IgG RF in 7; however, none of the patients demonstrated the presence of antibodies to PG-PSP in their isolated IC fractions from the anti-HIgM affinity column. These data indicate that antibodies are produced to PG-PSP in all JRA onset types, but they are not constituents of isolated IC by the anti-HIgM affinity column method.
3591351	Vitamin E content and lipid peroxidation of blood in some chronic inflammatory diseases.	1987	Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, spondylosis, coxarthrosis, ankylosing spondylitis, chronic active and chronic alcoholic hepatitis were studied. The plasma vitamin E content remained unchanged. The TBA-reactive plasma substances (malondialdehyde) content of plasma increased in all patients except those with ankylosing spondylitis. Catalase activity of plasma increased in patients of both sexes suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and spondylosis and coxarthrosis, but decreased in the two hepatitis groups. The glutathione-peroxidase activity of RBC (1:9 haemolysate) increased in female rheumatoid arthritis patients and decreased in those suffering from chronic alcoholic hepatitis. The results showed that chronic inflammatory processes affect the rate of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the biological antioxidant mechanism.
2147485	[Subacute edematous polyarthritis in the elderly. 9 cases].	1990 Nov 10	We report 9 cases of a recently described syndrome: subacute oedematous polyarthritis of the elderly. The condition is characterized by its sudden onset and by the presence of important oedema of the four limbs, symmetrical polyarthritis, marked inflammatory syndrome and negative serological test for the rheumatoid factor. Men are predominantly affected, and many of them are carrying the HLA B7 antigen. The illness subsides within a few months without sequelae. It seems that this syndrome should be clearly distinguished from late onset rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.
1930719	[Neurologic involvement in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].	1991 Jul	The neurologic complication seen in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) has hardly been studied for which therefore its prevalence is unknown. Some of the clinical manifestations surrounding this event have been studied and have been divided into the following two groups: cervical articular spinal disease and extra-articular manifestations, more commonly seen in adults, the atlas-axoidal subluxation and the neuropathies. A group of 213 children diagnosed as having JRA according to the criteria setforth by the American Association of Rheumatology and followed by the Department of Internal Medicine of the National Institute of Pediatrics, 10 patients were found to have neurologic symptomatology (4.6%). Their arthritis was studied as well as their association with activity data and seropositivity. We found 6 female and 4 male patients with neurologic manifestations; their ages ranged from 7 to 14 years. Six of them were diagnosed with sero-positive polyarticular JRA and the other four with polyarticular sero-negative. All patients showed some activity and the appearance of the neurologic complications ranged between two months and seven years. No correlation was found between the beginning of the arthritis and the neurologic symptomatology, their sex or the type of arthritis. Seven of the cases showed peripheral neuropathy. Two cases had atlas-atloid subluxation and another child showed having cervical column inflammation with a rheumatoid pannus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
2709256	Fatal multisystem disease with immune enteropathy heralded by juvenile rheumatoid arthriti	1989 Feb	The prognosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is generally good, although premature death occurs in a subset of children. Secondary infections, chronic amyloidosis, and heart disease have been reported as common causes. Our experience indicates that JRA can also herald the development of a severe immune enteropathy. In the case presented, typical JRA was followed by fulminant hepatitis; skin rashes; recurrent, severe, watery diarrhea; malabsorption; and ultimately death. Biopsies of the small bowel exposed to the patient's serum revealed deposition of complement and immunoglobulins in the epithelium. Although not widely appreciated, JRA can herald a multisystem syndrome characterized by severe immune enteropathy.
2347132	Destructive lesions of small joints in seronegative spondylarthropathies: relation to gut	1990 Jan	Destructive lesions of small joints were found in 40 out of 211 patients suffering from seronegative spondylarthropathies (SpA) on whom ileocolonoscopy with biopsies of the ileum and colon were performed. The destructive lesions of small joints, radiologically only distinguishable from rheumatoid arthritis lesions by the pauciarticular and asymmetrical involvement, the rare tendency to fusion and the rare occurrence of periosteal hypertrophy, were observed more frequently in patients presenting subclinical inflammatory gut lesions, predominantly of the chronic type, than in patients without gut inflammation.
3344725	Muscle atrophy and leg length discrepancies in pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthriti	1988 Mar	In 32 children with pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, we studied residual muscle atrophy and leg length discrepancy after the arthritis had entered remission. Children under the age of 3 years at disease onset had significantly more muscle atrophy and bone overgrowth than children whose disease began after the age of 3 years. These residua have cosmetic and functional significance, and new methods of treatment will be necessary to prevent or reverse the sequelae in a form of arthritis previously thought to have a benign outcome.
2208854	Pediatric spondyloarthropathies.	1990 Oct	Seronegative spondyloarthropathies in childhood are often misdiagnosed as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, but recognition of their distinct clinical manifestations and unique underlying pathophysiologies can aid in making a proper diagnosis. Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, psoriatic arthritis, and the arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease are arthritides most often found in young adults, but they may also be present in children. Extraarticular manifestations include inflammation of the eyes, skin, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract associated with inflammation of the entheses. The proper diagnosis will allow for treatment regimens that differ from those usually used for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Early diagnosis and treatment often lead to an early recovery and a return to normal daily activities.
2084240	Declines in the range of motion and malalignment in hands of patients with juvenile rheuma	1990 Dec	Quantitative total joint scores including range of motion, malalignment, opposition of the thumb to the digits and combined distal-proximal-metacarpophalangeal joint flexion were determined in the hands and wrists of 56 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis over six years. Most of the patients with duration of disease less than 5 years showed relatively normal hand function, reflected by low total and subtotal scores. However, significant declines of the respective variables reflected by pathological total and subtotal scores were seen in patients with duration of disease longer than 5 years. Decrease of the range of motion, total joint scores and malalignment were significantly correlated with the duration of disease.
3705922	Nerve conduction velocity in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.	1986 Feb	Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were recorded in several nerves of a total of 99 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and the results were compared to those obtained for two reference groups, one consisting of healthy children and the other of 30 children with different articular manifestations. The JRA and the affected reference group were not found to differ significantly from each other. NCV values were systematically slightly higher and the distal median nerve latencies slightly shorter in the patients with JRA than in the healthy reference group. Several measurement values differed from each other significantly. Some patients with JRA showed slightly decreased NCVs in individual nerves, but manifest mononeuropathy was not found. The results show that complications of peripheral nervous system origin do not typically occur in association with JRA.
2343280	[Nuclear spin tomography in synovitis: experimental and clinical results].	1990 May 5	We report our experimental and clinical results in the evaluation of synovitis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and discuss them in the light of the literature. Using rheumatoid arthritis in the rat as a model, we have shown that MRI is more sensitive than physical examination and X-ray for the diagnosis of early soft-tissue inflammation in arthritis. On the basis of MRI findings, in patients with morning stiffness we have found an incidence of tenosynovitis higher than that reported in the literature. Because other groups have demonstrated the usefulness of MRI for the evaluation of inflammatory cartilage and bony lesions in arthritis as well, we anticipate that this method will assume increasing importance in the diagnosis and monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases.
2783897	Interleukin-6 in synovial fluid from patients with arthritis.	1989 Mar	Synovial fluid and serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory arthritides, and traumatic arthritis were assayed for the presence of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by means of an IL-6-dependent mouse hybridoma cell line. The cytokine was detected in all the samples of synovial fluid (range 50-22000 U/ml). IL-6 in synovial fluid was positively correlated (r = 0.58, P = 0.03) with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with inflammatory arthritis. In serum, the concentration of IL-6 was slightly elevated in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The results demonstrate that IL-6 is released into synovial fluid in joints affected by arthritis, and there appears to be an association between the levels of IL-6 and disease activity.
1887861	Pathogenic significance of serum components in the development of autoimmune polyarthritis	1991 Sep	MRL/Mp mice bearing the lymphoproliferation gene (lpr) (MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr) spontaneously develop polyarthritis, associated with autoimmune traits, including rheumatoid factor production, which resembles rheumatoid arthritis. To investigate possible arthritogenic activity of serum of these mice, intraarticular injections of the serum components to knee joints of nonarthritic MRL/Mp mice not bearing the lpr gene (MRL/Mp(-)+/+) were performed. Two fractions from the serum were obtained by a gel chromatography. The void fraction (VF), but not the nonvoid fraction (NVF), induced acute inflammatory lesions in the joints by single injection, and destructive arthritis by repeated injections. VF had immune complex activity, and contained a large amount of cryoglobulin, which in itself was found arthritogenic. These findings indicate that the serum components of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice have a potency to cause destructive arthritis. These results are direct evidence in a syngeneic animal model system, which suggests the pathogenic significance of serum components in rheumatoid arthritis.
3395385	Clinical assessment of atlantoaxial instability using the Sharp-Purser test.	1988 Jul	Anterior atlantoaxial subluxation is common in rheumatoid arthritis patients with involvement of the cervical spine. Sharp and Purser have described a test for the clinical assessment of this instability. We assessed the validity of the Sharp-Purser test in 123 outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis. Our findings indicate a predictive value of 85% and a specificity of 96%. The sensitivity was 88% when subluxation was greater than 4 mm. Our results show that the Sharp-Purser test is a useful clinical examination to diagnose atlantoaxial instability.
1941831	Estimation of bone mineral density in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.	1991 Aug	Bone mineral content of different areas of the skeleton was measured by dual photon absorptiometry in 20 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and compared to 20 age and sex matched healthy children. Spinal density was similar in both groups in prepubertal children but decreased in the postpubertal girls with JRA. Total bone density was also decreased in the postpubertal girls. Six children with JRA had repeat scans 12 to 24 months later; in 3 children total bone mineral content increased significantly with an intensive management program. Our study suggests that bone mineral density does not show a pubertal increase in children with JRA, as it does in healthy children.
1925259	[Changes in the hepatobiliary system in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].	1991 Apr	The authors submit the results of echographic investigation of 42 children aged from 4 to 15 years old with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). All the patients were distributed into three groups. Signs of affection of the hepatobiliary system were revealed in 60% of the patients, predominantly with the articular form of the disease and in 78.5% of the children with the articular -visceral form. The most grave changes were noted in the group of patients with JRA complicated by secondary amyloidosis (100%). The data obtained are compared with the clinico-laboratory indices, the form of the disease, peculiarity of therapy as a result of which a relationship between the mentioned signs and the character of JRA lesions is established. A high informativeness of the echographic method especially in the diagnosis of secondary amylosis is confirmed.
3204600	Tolerance of cyclosporine A in children with refractory juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.	1988 Oct	In an open trial, tolerance and safety of cyclosporine A was studied in 14 patients with refractory juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). The doses varied from 4-15 mg/kg/day. Treatment lasted for greater than 12 months in 11 and 6 to 9 months in 3 patients. Eleven patients were withdrawn due to lack of efficacy (4) or side effects (7). A drop of greater than 2 g/l in hemoglobin and a marked rise in serum creatinine were the cause of withdrawal in 5 patients. The effect of cyclosporine on disease activity seemed to be mainly symptomatic and temporary. Probably, the dose should be kept below 5 mg/kg/day. Future controlled studies should be aware of a risk of aggravation of anemia in children treated with cyclosporine.
1816985	Synovial fluid in arthropathy.	1991 Jul	The authors examined 487 synovial fluid specimens in patients affected with spontaneous effusion in the knee. In 202 of the cases the features indicating the nature of the effusion were observed (rheumatoid arthritis: 27; active S.L.E.: 2; microcrystals: 77; infections: 38; doubts as to rheumatoid arthritis or other connectivitis: 58). In 84 cases no features were determined despite the presence of specific clinical signs (psoriasis, arthrosis, previous trauma). In 201 cases where there were no clinical signs in the synovial fluid, the authors were able to differentiate moderate phlogosis in 27 specimens, and intense phlogosis in 104. Based on the results obtained, an attempt was made to define which tests are best to measure the amount of inflammation and which may be correlated with the etiology of the joint effusion.
1805336	[Status of the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal glands in patients with juvenile rhe	1991 Oct	The authors studied the glucocorticoid function of the adrenals in 117 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and in 37 children of the control group. Relation between the level of cortisol in the blood plasma and sex, age form and duration of the disease, indices of the clinical, laboratory and immunological activity, the nature of roentgenological changes in the joints and therapy was analysed. A decrease in the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex correlated with the severity of the clinical forms and duration of the disease, being especially manifest in children of younger age. Hormonal therapy also causes significant and prolonged inhibition of the glucocorticoid function. The total contribution of the analysed sings of the disease being most significant for JRA from the clinical point of view did not influence much changes in cortisol concentration in the blood of the patients.
1916612	Salicylic acid disposition in children with rheumatoid arthritis.	1991	The plasma level profile of SA and SUA after a single oral dose of ASA was studied in 8 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, aged 3.5-15.0 years. Pharmacokinetic parameters were on average similar to those reported in the literature for adult subjects, although a somewhat larger intersubject variability was found.