Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2719728 | A simplified twenty-eight-joint quantitative articular index in rheumatoid arthritis. | 1989 May | We describe a joint index that includes only 28 joints: 10 proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers, 10 metacarpophalangeal joints, and the wrists, elbows, shoulders, and knees. These joints are evaluated for swelling, tenderness, and limited motion, with the findings scored as abnormal or normal. The 28-joint index is considerably easier to use than traditional methods, and appears to yield as much information in terms of correlation with other measures of clinical status, including hand radiograph scores, American Rheumatism Association functional class, grip strength, walking time, and activities of daily living questionnaire scores (r = 0.25-0.53, P less than 0.001). Simplified joint counts might facilitate acquisition of quantitative articular data in research and clinical rheumatologic settings. | |
| 3789816 | Serum immune complexes containing IgA appear to predict erosive arthritis in a longitudina | 1986 Oct | Fifty seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied longitudinally, and the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and various types of immune complexes (IC) was correlated with joint activity and the presence of extra-articular features (EAF). In a cross sectional study it was found that the levels of circulating IC and RF correlated significantly with joint disease activity and the presence of EAF. Longitudinally, levels of IC measured by the C1q binding activity and IC containing IgG and IgM correlated significantly with fluctuations in joint disease activity, whereas IC containing IgG and IgA correlated with the occurrence of EAF. RF and IC levels, however, did not predict the clinical course of the disease. IC containing C3 and C4 were found infrequently and were only present in patients with active rheumatoid vasculitis (RV). The continuous presence of these IC appeared to be linked to the recurrence of vasculitis, irrespective of treatment. Significantly more erosions of hands and feet were found after one year follow up in those RA patients who presented early (disease duration less than one year) who initially had a raised serum IgA IC level (r = 0.72; p less than 0.005). | |
| 2310223 | Hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis revisited. | 1990 Jan | The prevalence and mechanisms of hypercalcaemia were studied in a series of patients attending a regional referral centre for rheumatic diseases. In a prospective study one case of hypercalcaemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism was found in 251 consecutive patients who were screened over a three month period. In a retrospective study of 39 patients who had been discovered to be hypercalcaemic during the preceding 12 months known cases of hypercalcaemia were found in 38 (97%) cases. Primary hyperparathyroidism was the most common cause (n = 24; 62%), followed by thiazide treatment in five (13%), cancer in three (8%), immobility in three (8%), vitamin D toxicity in two (5%), and chronic liver disease in one (3%). In one case the diagnosis remained unclear after full investigation. This study shows that the causes of hypercalcaemia in rheumatological patients are similar to those in the general population. These observations contrast with previous reports, which suggested that hypercalcaemia may be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis itself. | |
| 3028017 | [Status of muscle tone in rheumatoid arthritis patients]. | 1986 | Muscle tonus in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was collated with the activity of the pathological process and functional articular insufficiency (FAI) in different variants of polyneuropathy (P). Hetero- or unidirectional hypotension of muscles was the most characteristic sign in RA. In cases of the sensory variant of P, patients with an early period of the disease and 1-0 degree FAI showed severe damage to the central motor neuron, linked with a dissociated type of muscular dystonia (predominantly hypotension of the flexory group of legs) and a peculiar dystonic phenomenon (a vestibular-cerebellar positioning of the wrist). This kind of wrist positioning was directly correlated with the side of the predominant damage to the central motor neuron. In cases of sensory-motor forms of P, patients with degree II-III FAI, in whom lesions to the peripheral motor neuron were predominant, developed unidirectional muscle hypotension. EMG findings served as an adequate reflection of the nature of changes in the muscle tonus. | |
| 3199395 | Serum phospholipase A2 correlates with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. | 1988 Sep | We previously demonstrated a marked elevation of the proinflammatory enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in all synovial fluids and some sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since PLA2 was found to induce inflammatory changes in the skin and joints of experimental animals, we tested whether the serum level of PLA2 correlates with the clinical activity of RA. In the group of 51 patients with classical or definite RA, 13 (25%) had high serum levels of PLA2 (over 2 standard deviations above the normal mean). Comparison of clinical disease activity in patients with high levels of PLA2 with those with normal PLA2 levels showed that patients with high PLA2 levels had a significantly higher joint count, more swollen joints, much higher Landsbury index, lower functional class, lower hemoglobin, lymphopenia and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). To more accurately assess the relationship between the PLA2 level and disease activity in RA, we formulated 2 indices. Clinical index consisted of the Landsbury index, number of swollen joints and duration of morning stiffness. Laboratory index consisted of hemoglobin, absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocytes, platelet count and ESR. Our results showed that both indices correlated strongly with PLA2 activity (p less than 0.0001). The results support the hypothesis that PLA2 plays a pathogenetic role in RA and suggest that serum PLA2 levels may serve as an additional measure of disease activity. | |
| 1883693 | Immunogenetics of autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases. | 1991 Jun | The genetic contribution to the development of autoimmune disease is most likely complex. Along with loci controlling histocompatibility antigens and T-cell receptor proteins, genes that encode autoreactive immunoglobulins may have an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and related autoimmune diseases. Although much previous work in this area has concentrated on human monoclonal paraproteins and autoimmune mouse strains, the studies reviewed here examine immunoglobulin genes in the normal human population and normal mouse strains as well as in patients with autoimmune disease. Taken together, these studies suggest that genetic control of the expression of autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis and related autoimmune disorders is complex and most likely involves multiple gene loci. | |
| 3375161 | Hip pain. Don't throw away the cane. | 1988 Jun | The most common cause of hip pain is osteoarthritis, which when combined with rheumatoid arthritis accounts for 90% of all hip pain diagnoses. Other conditions of the joint include fractures, synovitis, and avascular necrosis. There are three major conditions that mimic hip disease: nerve root pressure syndrome, trochanteric bursitis, and vascular insufficiency. Laboratory studies are often of little value for diagnosis. Careful examination and an awareness of possible mimicking and concomitant conditions can be more helpful. Treatment of hip disease should be conservative as long as the patient can tolerate the discomfort and inconvenience. Early treatment may include the use of a cane. If surgery is contemplated, insist that the patient get at least two opinions regarding the need for and type of surgery to be recommended. | |
| 3128189 | Does active rheumatoid arthritis affect intestinal iron absorption? | 1988 Feb | One of the causes of anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis is thought to be defective iron absorption. In this study the 59Fe absorption in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis is measured and correlated with the results for bone marrow iron stores (and in some cases with the iron stores in the terminal duodenum), which were assessed simultaneously with semiquantitative methods, and with the serum ferritin concentration. In 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and increased bone marrow iron stores, iron absorption was decreased. In five patients it was normal and in three further patients, whose bone marrow iron stores were depleted, iron absorption was maximally increased. According to the results both intestinal malabsorption and defective iron absorption can be excluded as causes. | |
| 2678389 | [Correlation between blood levels of uric acid and calcium in rheumatoid arthritis and def | 1989 Apr | The markedness of the inflammatory reaction and severity of a noninflammatory tissue-articular destruction correlated with accumulation of 99Tc-pyrophosphate in articular structures. Uricemia and calcemia decreased as the activity of rheumatoid arthritis rose and they correlated with the severity of destructive changes. | |
| 1789145 | Changes of the lung in rheumatoid arthritis--rheumatoid pneumonia. A clinicopathological s | 1991 | The frequency and patho-histological characteristics of pulmonary changes were studied on the autopsy material of 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The formal pathogenesis and different stages of vasculitis, rheumatoid nodule, interstitial pneumonia, rheumatoid pleuritis, obliterative bronchiolitis, amyloidosis and the so-called rheumatoid pneumonia in the lungs is discussed. The rheumatoid pneumonia is a disseminating inflammatory lobular-sublobular process, not described previously. The frequency of rheumatoid pneumonia was 4%. The rheumatoid pneumonia is characterized by the necrotic vasculitis, fibrinoid necrosis or thrombovasculitis of the pulmonary and bronchial arterioles, and of small arteries. Because of the diminished blood supply distal to the vascular changes inflammatory foci may develop, more or less respecting the anatomic borders of pulmonary tissue. The lobular-sublobular inflammation is basically of non haemorrhagic character. Because of the recurrent nature of vasculitis, foci of inflammation in different stages can be observed in the lungs simultaneously side by side. Clinically the rheumatoid pneumonia was accompanied by severe RA, according to the frequency and severity of acute exacerbations. In all 4 cases of rheumatoid pneumonia the pulmonary process had been proven clinically and radiologically. Rheumatoid pneumonia occurred subsequent to recurrent arthritis following steroid withdrawal, and it was resistant to antibiotics. | |
| 3563919 | [Ways of reducing disability in rheumatoid arthritis]. | 1987 | An analysis of primary disability of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Vinnitsa area over the period of 1981-1983 as compared to that of 1971-1973 showed a decrease in its proportion and the improvement of some indices of medical labor examination over the studied period confirming the efficacy of organizational measures in prophylactic medical examination of RA patients in the above area. | |
| 2920589 | A possible association of rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis. | 1989 Mar | There are eight previous reports of sarcoidosis developing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Reported here are two patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed sarcoidosis. Both patients have HLA antigen DR4 and Sjogren's syndrome. Only stage II chest roentgenogram abnormalities previously have been described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed sarcoidosis. This report demonstrates that these patients may present with stage III sarcoidosis. The prevalence of sarcoidosis in this clinic population is two per 263 as compared with 20 to 80 per 100,000 in the general population. This may indicate a previously unappreciated increased prevalence of sarcoidosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | |
| 3563453 | [Pleuropulmonary manifestations in chronic polyarthritis]. | 1987 Feb 28 | Nine cases of rheumatoid arthritis with pleuropulmonary involvement illustrate the most common pulmonary symptoms of this disease: rheumatoid pleurisy, interstitial pneumopathy, pulmonary rheumatoid nodules and bacterial pleuropulmonary infections. Each of these pleuropulmonary manifestations may precede the joint disease and cause considerable diagnostic difficulties. Rheumatoid pleural effusion displays an interesting pathognomic constellation: low glucose- and elevated lactate-dehydrogenase concentration, acid pH, often pathologic C1q-binding assay, and characteristic cytomorphology of the pleural fluid. Interstitial pneumopathy is usually mild and slowly progressive. Additional spirometric tests to determine ventilation disturbances sometimes demonstrate airway obstruction. Lower-airway obstruction is probably not caused by the disease itself but may be due to other risk factors (eg cigarette smoking). Depending on their localization, intrapulmonary nodules may lead to severe complications (hemoptysis, bronchopleural fistula, pneumothorax, abscess formation). The possibility of pleuropulmonary infection must always be kept in mind as patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a higher susceptibility to infection. | |
| 2504171 | Double-blind trial of recombinant gamma-interferon versus placebo in the treatment of rheu | 1989 Aug | One hundred five patients were enrolled in a 12-week, randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human gamma-interferon (rHu gamma-IFN) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Fifty-four patients received rHu gamma-IFN and 51 received placebo. Forty-two patients in each group completed the 12-week trial. Some clinical improvement occurred in both groups of patients. Although the improvement with rHu gamma-IFN was greater than that with placebo, the differences were generally not statistically significant. | |
| 2734092 | [Drug therapy of rheumatoid arthritis]. | 1989 | Despite substantial advances in research, there has been no corresponding improvement in the medicinal treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. With correct treatment strategies, however, it is possible to obtain a marked amelioration of disease manifestations, and the improvement can be maintained for several months, even as long as two years. The high mortality and degree of handicap after 15-20 years' duration of disease is unlikely to be affected by medicinal treatment. New treatment strategies and remission-inducing drugs with new mechanisms of action are being developed. | |
| 2273365 | Willingness to accept risk in the treatment of rheumatic disease. | 1990 Sep | STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess patients willingness to accept mortal risk in the drug treatment of chronic rheumatic disease. DESIGN: A non-random sample of consecutive patients were interviewed with a standardised survey instrument. SETTING: The study took place in the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK. PATIENTS: 100 consecutive in- and out-patients aged 65 or less were interviewed, 50 with rheumatoid arthritis and 50 with ankylosing spondylitis. Mean age was 48 years with mean disease duration of 14 years. The rheumatoid arthritis group was mainly female (84%), v 26% in the ankylosing spondylitis group. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Risk preferences were elicited using the method of standard gamble in the context of a hypothetical new drug. Patients indicated the maximum percentage probability of mortality they regarded as acceptable to achieve four different levels of benefit: total cure (20.7%), relief of pain (16.9%), relief of stiffness (13.1%), return to normal functioning (14.5%). Rheumatoid arthritis patients displayed a higher (p less than 0.05) willingness to accept risk than ankylosing spondylitis patients for all gambles except relief of stiffness. Analysis of variance indicated that willingness to accept risk decreases with the duration of disease and increases with reductions in self assessed health status. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluative methods such as standard gamble can elicit useful risk-benefit preference data from patients to assist those who manage clinical risks. | |
| 1685261 | The factors affecting plasma glutathione peroxidase and selenium in rheumatoid arthritis: | 1991 | The reactive oxygen radicals are trapped by anti-oxidants, such as selenium containing glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), which also can inhibit the oxygenation of arachidonic acid to pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes. We studied the levels of anti-oxidant glutathione peroxidase and selenium (in plasma) in 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the multiple regression model, joint score had the highest explanatory value for serum selenium, and sulphasalazine treatment was the most significant variable contributing to GSHpx activity. The plasma GSHpx activity was not increased in RA patients in general, but was high in those taking sulphasalazine as compared with those not doing so (342.4 +/- 48.2 vs. 298.9 +/- 34.7 U/l, 95% confidence interval of difference from 17.9 to 69.1, p less than 0.002). The serum selenium levels correlated with clinical activity of the joint, disease measuring joint score. | |
| 3457333 | Rheumatoid disease and related arthropathies. I. Systemic findings, medical therapy, and p | 1986 Feb | Rheumatoid arthritis and related arthropathies may produce a wide, confusing range of problems affecting the temporomandibular joint and ultimately the lower face. In order to understand the evolution of therapy for TMJ and facial problems, a general update of overall disease characteristics, current medical therapy, and peripheral joint surgery is presented. This background is integrated into a rationale for treatment of rheumatoid problems affecting the mandible. | |
| 1793535 | Rheumatoid arthritis. | 1991 Dec | The immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is discussed in two ways. First, we consider the major question of whether T cells are likely to drive the disease. Second--and assuming T cells to be important--we discuss available data on the components of the trimolecular complex (major histocompatibility complex class II-antigen-T-cell receptor), which are possibly involved in the disease. Our two main points are that the most important questions concerning the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis require answers from immunointervention in patients, and that animal experiments can be increasingly used in interpreting current experiments in humans. | |
| 2731556 | Diagnostic imaging of the occipito-cervical junction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis | 1989 Feb | Fifty-five patients with confirmed chronic polyarthritis were admitted to this prospective study. The occipito-cervical region was visualized by plain radiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. These modalities and the results are compared. In the presence of chronic polyarthritis, radiography of the occipito-cervical region visualized only bone lesions, while CT provided a good picture of both bone lesions and soft-tissue alterations. CT is an effective modality for the diagnosis of chronic polyarthritis in the occipito-cervical region. MR imaging was less sensitive in depicting bone lesions. In comparison with CT, however, MR images produced more frequent and more impressive visualization of soft-tissue alterations. MR imaging is most suitable for visualizing complications of the spinal cord. |