Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3345233 | Monoclonal rheumatoid factor-IgG immune complexes. Poor fixation of opsonic C4 and C3 desp | 1988 Jan | Monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factor forms complexes with IgG in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. We demonstrate that such complexes fix C3 and C4 poorly, although efficient fluid-phase C3 conversion can occur. Fixation of small amounts of C4 may be sufficient to generate a C3 convertase, but may prevent subsequent fixation of C3 by competing for binding sites on the complex. These complexes bind inefficiently to normal erythrocyte complement receptor type 1 (CR1) in vitro, and are undetectable on erythrocytes of patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia in vivo. Clearance of such phlogistic complexes from tissues by CR1-bearing cells may be inefficient. | |
| 20144107 | The intestine and rheumatism. | 1987 | Arthritis following certain Salmonella infections, dysentery, and nonspecific enterocolitis exemplifies the fact that intestinal infections can elicit rheumatic reactions. Recent observations indicate that in the last mentioned group specific microbes, such as Clostridium perfringens and Yersinia enterocolitica, may be involved. References are made to the findings of an abnormal intestinal flora, notably C. perfringens, in patients with chronic arthritis and of circulating and cell-bound antibodies to C. perfringens alphatoxin as evidence of an immunologic response to this microbe in rheumatoid disease. | |
| 3402847 | New Jersey low contact stress total ankle replacement: biomechanical rationale and review | 1988 Jun | A congruent contact, unconstrained, multiaxial ankle replacement has been developed for use without cement. A talar onlay component with a trochlear surface and central fixation fin uses a cylindrical articulating axis that reproduces the lateral talar curvature. A tibial inlay component with a 7 degree anteriorly inclined short fixation stem uses a flat loading plate, recessed anatomically into the distal tibia to distribute tibial loads to the ankle joint. For both components, made of cast cobalt-chromium-molybdenum, a 275-micron pore-size, sintered-bead, porous coating is used to allow tissue ingrowth stabilization. A congruent ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene bearing is inserted between the metallic implants. Its upper surface is flat, whereas its lower surface conforms to the trochlear surface, thereby providing unconstrained, sliding cylindrical motion with low contact stress on the bearing surfaces. Contact pressure and collateral ligaments maintain ankle stability during both static and dynamic loading conditions. Clinically, 23 total ankle arthroplasties were performed in 21 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 24 months to 64 months with a mean of 35.3 months. Diagnoses included rheumatoid arthritis, 6 patients (26.1%); osteoarthritis, 4 patients (17.4%); post-traumatic arthritis, 10 patients (43.5%); avascular necrosis of the talus, 2 patients (8.7%), and painful ankle fusion, 1 patient (4.3%). Pain was the primary reason for surgery in all cases. Postoperatively, 87% of ankles had no pain or, at most, mild pain. Postoperative complications included poor wound healing in four ankles, reflex sympathetic dystrophy in two ankles, deep infection in one ankle, and one bearing subluxation. No ankle replacements were removed and no fusions were performed for failed implants, although one bearing was exchanged without disrupting the metallic elements. In this report, the suggestion is made that total ankle arthroplasty may have an improved application in various arthritis disorders when used with biologic fixation and unconstrained mobile bearings. | |
| 3026719 | Epidemic polyarthritis and Ross River virus disease. | 1986 Aug | Ross River virus is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus indigenous to Australia, Papua New Guinea and nearby islands, which recently appeared in other western and central South Pacific islands. Human infection can be manifest by varied constitutional disturbances, rash and rheumatic symptoms, known in Australia as epidemic polyarthritis and broadly similar to certain alphavirus diseases in other regions. Although usually short-lived, the rash can persist for 5 months. Rheumatic effects involve synovial joints, tendon and ligaments, and can continue or recur in peripheral joints and tissues as long as 6 years, though gradually improving without destructive changes. At different times, the disease can closely simulate rubella and other virus diseases, Henoch-Schönlein syndrome, rheumatoid and other chronic rheumatic diseases. Diagnosis rests upon geography, specific serology and judicious interpretation of clinical and supportive laboratory data. Skin and synovial lesions are characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells. Their pathogenesis most likely depends on the reaction of these cells with persistent foci of virus disseminated during the early viraemic phase of infection. | |
| 3115274 | Peripheral blood and synovial fluid monocyte activation in inflammatory arthritis. II. Low | 1987 Aug | Because synovial fluid monocytes (SFM) in patients with inflammatory arthritis bear an activated phenotype (i.e., high expression of HLA-DR and low expression of the monocyte differentiation antigen Mo2), we assessed the role of gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) in the activation of these cells. Sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays detected only 0.40 +/- 0.20 units/ml of gamma-IFN in the SF of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 0.61 +/- 0.67 units/ml of gamma-IFN in the SF of patients with other forms of chronic inflammatory arthritis. There was no detectable alpha-IFN in any SF studied by radioimmunoassay. Bioassays failed to detect nonimmunoreactive IFN. Synovial tissue (ST) explants produced very little gamma-IFN (0.14 +/- 0.091 units/ml), and production was not increased by the presence of indomethacin in the cultures or by removal of adherent cells. However, gamma-IFN was produced if ST was cultivated in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. In SF and ST supernatants, gamma-IFN-mediated induction of HLA-DR on monocytes was inhibited, even though the amount of immunoreactive IFN was not affected. Prostaglandin E2 was shown to be one possible inhibitor. We demonstrated that a factor that induces HLA-DR on some individuals' peripheral blood monocytes, and cannot be neutralized by monoclonal anti-gamma-IFN antibody, is present in SF and ST supernatants. These data suggest that activation of SFM may occur by mechanisms other than gamma-IFN. | |
| 2948214 | Acne-associated spondylarthropathy: radiographic features. | 1987 Feb | Experience with six patients with severe acne and associated axial and peripheral arthritis is described. Four of the patients had a dermatologic triad of severe acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, the so-called follicular occlusion triad. All were black men with episodic peripheral arthropathy and low back pain. One had inflammatory bowel disease. Rheumatoid factor and HLA-B27 were absent in five patients who had these determinations. An erosive and proliferative arthritis of the axial and appendicular skeleton is described. The radiographic findings were indistinguishable from those of the seronegative spondylarthropathies. We found no previous reports in the radiologic literature describing this articulocutaneous entity. | |
| 3572913 | Erosive and subluxing cervical spine disease in patients with psoriatic arthritis. | 1987 Feb | Cervical spine involvement with psoriatic arthritis has been reported to occur in about 35% of patients and to be primarily ankylosing in nature. This previously described pattern is characterized by syndesmophytes, ankylosis and ligamentous ossification. Our study defines the incidence and clinical characteristics of a rheumatoid-like form of inflammatory cervical spine involvement. This pattern is characterized by apophyseal and odontoid erosions, and axial and subaxial subluxations. Clinical histories were obtained from 28 patients with both psoriasis and inflammatory arthritis between the years of 1971 and 1984. Cervical spine involvement was found in 75% of the group, 13/21 had ankylosing and 8/21 inflammatory characteristics. Three of our patients developed cervical myelopathy, one in the ankylosing and 2 in the inflammatory subgroup. | |
| 1778531 | [Human Parvovirus B19--really only fifth disease? Unusual disease course in children and a | 1991 Dec 20 | The human parvovirus B19 agent causes infectious erythema (fifth disease). However, a wide range of other pathological manifestations may also be seen: atypical exanthema, ARD (also obstructive forms, e.g. bronchiolitis), acute gastroenteritis, chronic anemia or aplastic crises (in constitutional or malignant hematological diseases or immunological deficiency), arthralgia/arthritis (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, jcA), diseases of the central nervous systems (e.g. febrile convulsions in young children), lymphadenopathies (e.g. lymphadenitis mesenterialis or pseudoappendicitis); prenatal infection can lead to fetal death (not malformations!). Infection occurring concomitantly with vaccination may suggest complications of the latter. To clarify the true etiological situation, modern laboratory investigations are then required. Vaccination against parvovirus B19 (initially indicated in the case of non-immune girls and women wanting children) is a desirable future development. | |
| 2352901 | Preliminary results of Miller-Galante uncemented total knee arthroplasty. | 1990 May | From July 1984 through February 1986, a total of 46 knees were placed in 42 patients. The average age of all patients was 58 years (range, 32 to 68). Osteoarthritis was the diagnosis in 38 knees, traumatic arthritis in 5, and rheumatoid arthritis in 3. During follow up, averaging 3.6 years (range, 2.0 to 4.5), the total knee score based on a modified Hospital for Special Surgery knee rating scale improved from a preoperative average of 59 to 93 postoperatively. Radiographically, partial radiolucencies (less than 1 mm) were present in at least one view in 72% of the knees in which the interface was well visualized. No radiolucencies were progressive. Complications occurred mainly in the patellar components, as 17% of metal-backed uncemented patellae required revision to cemented non-metal backed components. There were no deep infections. The authors remain cautiously optimistic while awaiting long-term follow up. | |
| 3791756 | The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis of the hip. Evidence for primary osteocyte death. | 1987 Jan | Osteocyte viability was investigated in femoral head bone removed from 38 patients with chronic hip disease, with the use of a histochemical stain to demonstrate lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in osteocytes. Where the osteocyte cytoplasm did not show LDH activity, the cell was considered dead; when several adjacent osteocytes were dead, the bone in that area was regarded as nonviable. The preoperative diagnoses were idiopathic osteoarthritis in 25, chondrocalcinosis in six, rheumatoid arthritis in two, Paget's disease in two, avascular necrosis in two, and congenital dislocation of the hip in one patient. In 16 of the patients with idiopathic osteoarthritis and the two with avascular necrosis, nonviable osteocytes were present in the central regions of many trabeculae, these areas usually being separated by cement lines from viable bone. The pattern suggested previous necrosis of part of the femoral head, with later new bone formation. The pattern was not observed in either control subjects, or patients with known articular disease, such as chondrocalcinosis. Bone collapse of variable severity was apparent radiographically in nine patients with histologic bone death, but not in other patients. Bone death is commonly present in idiopathic osteoarthritis and could be a cause rather than a result of the arthritis. | |
| 2785957 | Immunological reactivity towards chondrocytes in rat and man: relevance to autoimmune arth | 1989 Apr | Immunological investigation of articular chondrocytes obtained from rat and man have shown the presence of unique differentiation antigens on the cell surface demonstrated by poly- or monoclonal antibodies in both species, and by the analysis of T cell reactivity in the rat. Both species of chondrocytes express Class I antigens in common with all nucleated mammalian cells and, in man, individual specificities of the MHC A, B, and C locus can be identified using standard histocompatibility testing. Class II antigens are strongly expressed in the rat but are expressed poorly in the human specimens we have analyzed. This finding is at variance with the reports of others and may depend upon the antisera we have used or the diseased state of our patient donors. In the rat, T cell reactivity to chondrocyte antigens is strong and can be demonstrated in both proliferation and cytotoxic assay. Moreover, syngeneic reactivity is present in naive animals, suggesting that rats are not tolerant of their own CSDA. The cross-reactivity found on analysis of cytotoxic killing suggests a sharing of differentiation antigens amongst the different strains of rats and possibly a limited polymorphism for this system. In man, conventional assays for T cell reactivity are hampered by the presence of a soluble inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation released by chondrocytes and as yet unidentified. The poor representation of Class II antigens on our chondrocyte specimens may further contribute to the difficulty in producing proliferation. On the other hand, early success is reported in finding a significant number of T cell clones isolated from the inflammatory membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which respond to chondrocyte antigens. The possibility that these antigens may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis may be more readily explored by exploring these approaches. | |
| 3091040 | The neurotoxic effect of gold sodium thiomalate on the peripheral nerves of the rat. Insig | 1986 Jul | Although gold is one of the few therapeutic agents that has been proven effective in producing remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, its mechanism of action is unknown. Since nociceptive afferent and sympathetic efferent fibers of the peripheral nervous system contribute to the pathophysiology of inflammation, and since a known side effect of gold therapy is a polyneuropathy, we tested the hypothesis that gold is toxic to small-diameter peripheral nerve fibers in the rat. We found that prolonged treatment with gold, at the same dosage reported to be effective against adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat, produced a significant decrease in the numbers of unmyelinated, but not of myelinated, axons. Gold treatment also elevated nociceptive thresholds in both articular and nonarticular structures. These results suggest that gold produces an antiinflammatory effect on arthritis by a neurotoxic effect on the peripheral nerves involved in neurogenic inflammation. | |
| 3190747 | Induction of the 32-kD human stress protein by auranofin and related triethylphosphine gol | 1988 Nov 1 | Challenge of human cells with auranofin, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosato-S-triethylpho sphine gold(I) (Ridaura), a gold-containing compound approved by the FDA for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, induces the specific synthesis of a 32-kD stress protein (p32) [Caltabiano et al., Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 138, 1074 (1986)]. To establish a structure-activity relationship for this effect, a series of auranofin ligands, gold analogs, and other anti-arthritic agents were examined for their abilities to stimulate p32 synthesis. The results indicate that the gold atom is necessary for enhanced expression of p32. However, the structure of co-ordinated ligands also affected potency, and gold complexes bearing several phosphine or thiosugar groups exhibited the greatest activity. These data indicate that the distinct potencies of auranofin analogs probably reflect their membrane permeability and subsequent delivery of pharmacologically active concentrations of gold to the cytoplasmic compartment. | |
| 3724774 | Sister-chromatid exchange frequencies in lymphocytes of controls and patients with connect | 1986 Aug | It has been considered by some workers that sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies are elevated in patients with scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, these observations were based on limited numbers of patients. Other have postulated the presence of a defect in DNA repair in cells from patients with various connective tissue diseases, including scleroderma and SLE. We report our findings from a large survey of SCE frequencies in patients with connective tissue diseases. Their diagnoses are scleroderma, SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, Behcet's syndrome and polyarteritis nodosa. These patients had never received cytotoxic drugs. Healthy individuals, hospital patients with diagnoses other than connective tissue disease and relatives of patients with scleroderma have been used as controls. The results have been analysed by generalized linear modelling, and we have shown that patients with SLE and Behcet's syndrome and controls with viral infections have elevated SCE frequencies, both before and after adjustments have been made for the effect on SCEs of an individual's age, smoking habits, sex and race. The SCEs of patients with scleroderma and their relatives were normal. SCE frequencies increased with age by 4% per decade and the SCE frequencies of smokers were approximately 12% higher than those of nonsmokers of similar age. The sex of an individual did not significantly affect SCEs but individuals from the Middle East were found to have lower counts than those originating from other parts of the world. | |
| 1771393 | Long-term safety of ketoprofen in an elderly population of arthritic patients. | 1991 | A total of 823 patients (620 women and 203 men) aged greater than or equal to 65 years (mean age: 72 years) with osteoarthritis (n = 642) or rheumatoid arthritis (n = 181) were enrolled in an international prospective study designed to assess the safety profile of ketoprofen, a propionic acid derivative, over a 12-month treatment period. The patients received a 200-mg, sustained-release tablet of ketoprofen once daily. At the end of the study, 521 patients (63.3%) remained on the drug regimen, whereas 302 patients (36.7%) had withdrawn from treatment for various reasons, including adverse reactions, inefficacy and improvement, or had been lost to follow-up. A total of 314 patients (38.2%) experienced at least one adverse event during the study. Most side effects involved the digestive system (232 patients [28.2%]), the central nervous system (33 patients [4.0%]) or the cardiovascular system (26 patients [3.2%]). Fourteen patients (1.7%) experienced gastrointestinal adverse events (e.g., ulceration and bleeding). Most of these events occurred during the first 3 months of the study. Thus, it may be concluded that sustained-release ketoprofen, 200 mg once daily, is safe for the long-term treatment of elderly arthritic patients. | |
| 2081502 | A 12-month postmarketing surveillance study of nabumetone. A preliminary report. | 1990 | A postmarketing surveillance project monitoring the adverse effect profile of the NSAID, nabumetone, was performed in 10,800 patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, recruited by general practitioners in the UK. The patients were typically elderly with chronic arthritis, had many concurrent conditions, and had previously received at least 1 NSAID. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after registration, through written information provided by the doctors. Possible serious adverse reactions were monitored by doctors directly notifying the monitoring centre, and by screening procedures at the time of computerised data entry. Only 2% of patients were lost to follow-up during the assessment period. At 12 months, 16% of patients were still receiving nabumetone, 27% of patients discontinued the drug because of lack of efficacy, and 12% because of adverse events. 52 'potentially serious' events and 96 deaths were recorded, but causality was not assessed. Evaluation of all serious events, including death, identified 11 events in 10,800 patients (0.1%) which could possibly be related to nabumetone therapy. Seven of these were gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The preliminary results of this postmarketing surveillance study thus suggest a highly acceptable tolerability profile for nabumetone. | |
| 3220336 | Weightbearing roentgenograms in arthritis of the ankle: a case report. | 1988 Aug | In specific situations the nonweightbearing roentgenograms of the ankle do not correlate with clinically suspected ankle malalignment or arthrosis, and weightbearing roentgenograms of the ankle joint can be quite helpful. The nature and severity of ankle arthrosis may not be detected with standard x-rays alone. A case is described in which these views contributed significantly to the clinical treatment of a rheumatoid patient. | |
| 3335104 | The role of continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty. | 1988 Jan | A retrospective study of 94 knees with postoperative continuous passive motion (CPM) therapy was compared with a control group of 116 knees with no postoperative CPM following kinematic condylar total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed in 1983. The diagnoses were similar in both groups, with osteoarthritis in 167 knees, rheumatoid arthritis in 34 knees, osteonecrosis in four knees, traumatic arthritis in four knees, and psoriatic arthritis in one knee. Average flexion at hospital discharge was 87.7 degrees in the control group and 90.2 degrees in the CPM group (p less than 0.02). Seventy-four percent of the CPM group and 60% of the control group had achieved 90 degrees of flexion by the time of hospital discharge. The number of days to achieve 90 degrees averaged 10.3 in the control group and 7.7 in the CPM group (p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in flexion at two or three months or at one year after operation between the two groups. Five knees in the control group and one in the CPM group required manipulation. The duration of hospitalization was not significantly different between the two groups. Hemoglobin levels, operative blood loss, and transfusion requirements were not significantly different. Patients with CPM following TKA achieve motion earlier than those without CPM, but ultimate motion and complications are not affected. | |
| 3317800 | Efficacy and tolerability of tenoxicam--an overview. | 1987 | One-hundred and thirty-three clinical studies have been conducted with tenoxicam in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis, extra-articular rheumatism, ankylosing spondylitis and acute gouty arthritis. Its efficacy has been demonstrated in double-blind comparative studies against placebo, and dose-finding studies have found the optimal dose to be 20 mg. Most trials comparing tenoxicam with another NSAID have used piroxicam, an earlier oxicam derivative which also has a long half-life. In general, efficacy was similar in both drugs with a trend in favour of tenoxicam. The tolerability of tenoxicam has also been studied in detail. In short-term studies 11% of patients receiving 20 mg tenoxicam and 18% on 40 mg tenoxicam experienced side-effects (p less than 0.01), as did 20% treated with 20 mg piroxicam (p less than 0.01 against 20 mg tenoxicam). In long-term studies clinical tolerability of 20 mg tenoxicam was found to be superior to that of 20 mg piroxicam. The types of side-effects encountered were mainly gastrointestinal disturbances, followed in frequency by skin rashes. However, all side-effects were generally mild and reversible. The efficacy of tenoxicam is clearly established and its tolerability is acceptable with a 20 mg dose. Tenoxicam thus seems a promising drug and a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium. | |
| 1676037 | Molecular basis of an autoantibody-associated restriction fragment length polymorphism tha | 1991 Jul | Recently, combined serological and molecular studies of autoantibodies have revealed that these antibodies play an important role in the normal function of the immune system and in the development of the B cell repertoire. Accordingly, we hypothesized that a homozygous deletion of a critical autoantibody-associated Ig variable (V) gene may alter the immune system and thus predispose the host to autoimmune disorders. Initial experiments revealed several restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of the Humhv3005 gene, that is likely to encode heavy chains of rheumatoid factors, and the closely related 1.9III gene. By probing EcoR1-digested DNA with the Humhv3005/P1 probe, we found that one of the four major hybridizing bands was missing in approximately 20% of patients with either rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, but only 2% of normal subjects. To delineate the genetic basis of this polymorphism, we have now employed the PCR to amplify and analyze hv3005, 1.9III, and homologous genes in individuals with characteristic RFLP genotypes. Our results indicate that the human Vh gene repertoire contains several hv3005- and 1.9III-like genes, and that a complete deletion of the hv3005-like genes is relatively restricted to a subset of autoimmune patients. These findings provide initial evidence for deletion of developmentally regulated autoreactive V genes in autoimmune diseases. |