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Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes

PMID	Title	PublicationDate	abstract
749183	[Zinc and enzymes in the synovial fluid and blood in various types of rheumatism].	1978 Dec	It appears that in rheumatoid arthritis and, to a lesser extent, in the other forms of inflammatory rheumatism, the level of zinc in the blood serum is lowered, whereas synovial zinc is increased. In the synovial fluid, there is a very significant correlation between enzyme activity and the concentration of zinc. Practical experiments aimed at demonstrating in vitro the action of zinc on lacticodeshydrogenase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase did not produce the anticipated results and do not explain the metabolic disorders of zinc seen during inflammatory rheumatisms.
6207846	Degradation of a chromogenic substrate by alpha 2-macroglobulin from plasma of patients wi	1984 Oct	We have shown previously that serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) contains a polyclonal B cell activator that is associated with alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). Some biologic effects of this activator appear to be due to a trypsin-like protease attached to alpha 2M. Therefore, in the present study, we used an anti-alpha 2M antibody solid-phase assay, with Chromozym-Try as a substrate, to determine the level of alpha 2M-protease complexes in plasma alpha 2M. We found higher levels of these complexes in RA patients than in 2 control groups. Since alpha 2M-protease complexes have been shown to induce RA-like inflammation in experimental animals and to be produced by lymphoid cells, we speculate that they may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. However, the role of the other cells or enzyme systems in the formation of these complexes has not yet been ruled out. Results of these investigations could lead to another link between activation of the immune system and joint inflammation.
7209285	Measurement of temperature in the arthritic hand.	1980 Nov	Two simple and relatively inexpensive thermographic techniques have been studied as possible methods for quantifying change in inflammation, either spontaneous or drug induced, in the rheumatoid hand. Crystal thermography plates were found to be of no value. An infra-red medical thermometer provided reproducible results, providing full precautions were observed. The fall in temperature produced at individual joints by local steroid injection, whilst consistent, fell within the observed temperature variation of the untreated rheumatoid hand.
175682	Lesions resembling gout in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.	1976 Jan	Although roentgenographic appearances are seldom important in establishing the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis or gout, atypical appearances of individual lesions may confuse the distinction between these two conditions. Sixteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis were selected to illustrate joint and soft tissue lesions which resemble gout. The lesions are divided into five broad categories on the basis of the appearance and sites of bone erosion as well as the nature of soft tissue changes. Symmetrical bilateral joint involvement was found to be especially helpful in distinguishing rheumatoid arthritis from gout.
1188327	Metacarpophalangeal joint implants. I. Roentgenographic study on the silastic finger joint	1975	A roentgenographic study was carried out on 104 Silastic Finger Joint Implants, Swanson design. Sixty-two of the implants were examined in the anterio-posterior-projection (AP) from 4 months to 5 1/2 years postoperatively, a total of 116 examinations. Forty-two implants were examined in the AP-projection and in the lateral projection by tomography in maximum active extension and flexion from 9 days to 42 months postoperatively, a total of 110 examinations. Stem fractures were found in 11/104 implants: two of these preceded by a laceration of the implant surface visualized by tomography. Fragmentation of the midsection was found in 14/104 implants. Cortical erosion was seen radially in the phalanx and the metacarpal bone in some joints showing ulnar deviation, predominantly MCP joints II and III. On the tomograms a cortical erosion dorsally in the metacarpal bone could be demonstrated. Particularly around the distal stem was found an intramedullary bone lamella, varying in distance from the stem as well as in density and regularity. Bone resorption was found at the site where the midsection bore on the metacarpal bone and the proximal phalanx, resulting in a migration of the implant in a proximal and/or distal direction. The migration of the implant was evaluated on the tomograms with maximum active extension and classified into 4 Grades. Concomitant with the migration in the proximal direction a bony spur developed volarly at the resected end of the metacarpal bone, also seen in the AP-projection. The degree of maximum joint flexion was measured on the tomograms by drawing a line along the dorsal contour of each bone. In some cases flexion was found to decrease as a consequence of implant migration in the distal direction or the development of a bony spur. In several cases the range of flexion was maintained by gliding of the stems, particularly the distal one.
6371458	A hypothesis on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid and other non-specific synovitides. IV A. T	1984 Mar	According to the original hypothesis, synovial tissue (ST) oedema and synovial fluid (SF) volume increase contribute to local hypoxia and metabolic alterations and to inflammation (A 1). Studies on biochemical mechanisms (A 2) in synovitides show that the SF volume correlates to SF hypoxia that correlates to lactate increase, acidosis and to some decrease in glucose. Normal ST produces lactate by glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway activity, both, as well as the normally low oxygen utilization, being increased in synovitides . In ST very little carbohydrate seems to pass directly into the citric acid cycle and oxidation of fat may be involved, but it is not known if the fat is carried to ST by the blood or if it is synthetized locally (B). ST oedema and effusions may be most important as causes of local hypoxia (C). Acidosis alters physico-chemical properties of proteins, possibly changing their chemotactic and antigenic qualities, etc. Hypoxia and fuel supply might be related to fibroblast, macrophage and neutrophil reactions, and, in view of the high metabolic demands of villi, they may contribute to, e.g., ST necroses, and to erosions (D). I shall summarize some essentials of my present views on the pathogenesis (E 1 a) and causes in single cases (E 3 b) of synovitis, and comment on two other new hypotheses on rheumatoid arthritis (E 2) and on therapeutic (E 4) and other implications of this concept (E).
6983355	HLA antigens in Yakima Indians with rheumatoid arthritis. Lack of association with HLA-Dw4	1982 Dec	Women of the Yakima Indian Nation, a northwest Native American population, are known to have an increased prevalence of a rheumatoid arthritis-like disease characterized by erosive arthritis, frequent involvement of metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints, and positive rheumatoid factor. These patients are frequently positive for antinuclear antibodies and often demonstrate adverse reactions to gold therapy. HLA antigens were determined for 29 Yakima Indians with this disease, but there was no increased frequency of either HLA-Dw4 or HLA-DR4, in contrast to other populations with rheumatoid arthritis. There was, however, a trend toward an increase in HLA-B40 and a decrease in HLA-DR8. The relative risk for rheumatoid arthritis in Yakima Indians was 2.53 in the presence of B40 and 0.28 in the presence of DR8.
35676	[Spontaneous tendon ruptures of identified etiology (author's transl)].	1978	The authors found in the material of the National Institute of Traumatology among the 650 cases of spontaneous tendon ruptures seven cases of rupture, when an identified disease localized on the tendon was the precipitating cause. Aetiology of the rupture has been as follows: tendon tuberculosis, rheumatic tendinitis xantoma tuberosum, haemangioma and pseudocyst of the tendon. In two other cases muscle biopsy revealed a concealed myopathy (central core disease and centronuclear myopathy) that may responsible for the rupture of the tendon.
6378305	A radiometric assessment of phagocytosis and intracellular killing by blood polymorphonucl	1984 Aug	Disagreement persists about the phagocytic function of blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Many of the experimental data have been generated by subjective methods of assessment. Using a radiometric assay, we found no difference in the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida albicans by blood PMN from 18 patients with RA when compared with PMN from 21 healthy control subjects. We infer that the increased incidence of non-articular infection reported in RA is not related to impaired phagocytic function of blood PMN.
749696	Subclasses IgA1 and IgA2 in serum and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis and reactive	1978 Dec	Subclasses IgA1 and IgA2 in serum were examined in 40 patients (28 cases of rheumatoid arthritis and 12 cases of reactive synovitis of local origin) and also in synovial fluid of the knee joint in 17 of these patients. The levels of IgA1 and IgA2 in serum were statistically significantly higher than in synovial fluid in both groups of patients (P = 0.0237--0.0018), but significant correlations between serum and synovial fluid for IgA1 (R = 0.8855, P = 0.0010) and for IgA2 (r = 0.7630, P = 0.0124) were found only in cases of rheumatoid arthritis. A percentage evaluation revealed a significant disproportion (P = 0.0028) in favour of IgA1 in synovial fluid during rheumatoid arthritis. The analysis of proportions of IgA subclasses and rheumatoid factor has shown no significant relationships.
6719059	Rheumatoid arthritis with severe aortic insufficiency and prolapse of the mitral valve.	1984	The valvular lesions caused by rheumatoid arthritis have been known for a long time. The valves may be affected by unspecific inflammatory changes or, specifically, by rheumatoid granulomas identical with subcutaneous nodules that lead to the malfunctioning of the aortic or the mitral valve. We present a patient affected by a classical seropositive rheumatoid arthritis accompanied by a severe aortic insufficiency and a prolapse of the mitral valve with rheumatoid involvement of the histologic granulomatous type, in whom both valves were replaced in two phases. The hemodynamic results were good for a period of time. Replacement of the valve by a prosthesis is the ideal treatment. There is no experience with treatment such a medication with immunosuppressive drugs.
7345044	Hip rating scales: a clinical analysis.	1981 Oct	Thirty patients were graded both before and after total hip replacement according to several hip-rating scales and the results compared. This comparison shows that a scale which keeps the various parameters of pain, motion and function, separating rather than integrating them, is more useful to the surgeon. Subgrading the patients into A, B and C is essential for functional comparisons.
6523081	Overt psychopathology in rheumatoid arthritis. A fifteen-year follow-up study.	1984	A 15-year follow-up study of 74 female patients (mean age 57.9 years) with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was performed, with special emphasis on overt psychopathology during the clinical course of the illness. Catamnestic investigation revealed that in 46% of the patients psychiatric disturbances necessitating treatment had appeared during the follow-up period. Generally, the psychiatric syndromes observed were of neurotic type not infrequently associated with depressive symptomatology. At the time of investigation 41% of the patients exhibited overt psychopathology, of whom the majority had depressive reactions (40%) or other forms of neurotic syndromes (18%). Only one patient was diagnosed as psychotic. In 5 instances distinct signs of chronic organic brain syndrome were noted. The importance of identifying clinical depression and of instituting adequate drug treatment and psychotherapy is emphasized.
10252500	Outpatient educational program for rheumatoid arthritis patients.	1981 2d Quart	A patient-education program was designed to meet the expressed needs of clinic rheumatoid arthritis patients. This program consisted of six educational seminars involving various health professionals. A quasi-experimental control group design was employed to evaluate the patients' cognitive and behavioral responses to this program. Responses were assessed through the administration of pretests, posttests, and three-month follow-up tests to treatment and control groups. The treatment group increased its cognitive score 22.5% from initial pretest to long-term follow-up, whereas the control group improved only 5.1% on these questions. The treatment group improved its behavioral score between the administration of the pretest and the posttest and maintained this improvement on the long-term follow-up. Although the control group initially scored somewhat higher on the behavioral measures, it reported a decrease in the performance of self-care activities on the posttest and follow-up.
287191	The inhibitory effect of D-penicillamine on human lymphocyte cultures stimulated by phytoh	1979	The inhibitory effects of D-penicillamine (D-Pen) on lymphocyte activation by PHA are found to be dose-dependent, showing significant effects above a concentration of 50 microgram/ml. The cells show a diminished sensitivity to D-Pen added after 24 hours in culture, although the dose-response relationship is maintained. L-cysteine is usually found to have an insignificant effect on PHA stimulation, although enhancement and inhibition are also sometimes observed. The supplementation of culture medium with L-cysteine abolishes the inhibitory effect of D-Pen, whilst copper sulphate synergistically inhibits PHA-induced transformation. The balance between the availability of naturally occurring thiols, copper ions and administered D-Pen may be critical in determining the eventual effect of the drug on the lymphoid system. Lymphocyte suppressive soluble factors appear in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and are modified by treatment with D-Pen. Although our experiments suggest possible modes of action of the drug on the immune system as a therapeutic agent as well as a potent inducer of autoimmunity in its own right, further work is required to delineate its precise mechanism of action.
3922920	Immunoblastic lymphoma and thymic epithelial hyperplasia in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenop	1985 Apr	A 62-year-old woman with well-established polyarthritis developed angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) during gold therapy. She subsequently developed an immunoblastic lymphoma which showed monoclonality (IgA, lambda) by immunoperoxidase techniques. There was a tumor-like enlargement of the thymus gland due to involvement by AILD, with secondary proliferation of thymic epithelium. The finding of thymic involvement, which has not been described previously in AILD, might be one of the manifestations reflecting a disturbance of the immune system in this disease.
6285637	Demonstration of C1q - binding to collagen - anticollagen immune complexes in synovial flu	1982 Mar	Collagen-anticollagen immune complexes were demonstrated indirectly in RA synovial fluids by digestion with collagenase and subsequent antibody determination. Elimination of C1q was performed by affinity chromatography using an anti-C1q column. Binding of C1q to collagen-anticollagen complexes was proven by demonstrating that collagenase-caused liberation of collagen antibodies was abolished or distinctly reduced after passage through the anti-C1q column. Binding of C1q to collagen-anticollagen immune complexes was proven via the fixation of these aggregates onto the anti-C1q column. This was achieved in those 7 RA synovial fluids which contained distinctly demonstrable collagen-anticollagen complexes.
644244	[Pyrithioxine a new basic treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis: initial study of 72 cases	1978 Feb	Pyrithioxine has certain chemical resemblances to penicillamine and is used as original treatment in a series of 72 cases of rheumatoid arthritis over a period of six months in a dose of 600 mgs daily. Results were favourable in 63% of cases with important lowering of the articular index, return to normal of the sedimentation rate and less frequently a reversal of the Waaler-Rose reaction. Secondary complications were essentially muco-cutaneous, sometimes gastric and necessitated stopping treatment in 15% of cases. No other serious side effect has been observed. When compared with penicillamine pyrithioxine would appear less efficacious but better tolerated. The usefulness of this new medicament in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis needs to be further explored.
439106	An assessment of penicillamine therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the influence of previo	1979 Jan	One hundred and fourteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had received treatment with penicillamine are reviewed. Side effects occurred in 50 patients. Sixty patients were considered to be improved with the drug. Low and high maintenance regimes were compared. There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects or clinical improvement. Previous gold therapy did not influence the therapeutic response or total incidence of side effects observed with penicillamine. Rashes were, however, more common if patients had previously had treatment with gold.
4516211	HL-A-linked human immune-response genes.	1973 Jul	Genetic control of the response to specific natural-product antigens has been documented in three informative families. Families were selected on the basis of probands with tuberculosarcoidosis, chronic cutaneous moniliasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. An increased incidence of delayed cutaneous unresponsiveness was observed in each family. Positive associations were identified between HL-A haplotypes and immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to 5, 8, and 11 of 23 test antigens in the three respective families. HL-A-associated differences in averaged responses of cutaneous hypersensitivity were excluded. These significant associations are consistent with linkage between HL-A haplotypes and genes responsible for the immune response to various natural-product antigens.