Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2072158 | Magnetic resonance imaging of the transverse atlantal ligament for the evaluation of atlan | 1991 Aug | Twenty normal human subjects and 14 patients with upper cervical spine pathology were studied with axial high-field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to examine the transverse atlantal ligament. Gradient-echo MR imaging pulse sequences provided reliable visualization of the transverse ligament, which exhibited low signal intensity and extended behind the dens between the medial portions of the lateral masses of C-1. The MR imaging characteristics of the transverse ligament were verified in clinical studies and in postmortem specimens. The clinical MR examinations defined 27 normal ligaments, three ligament disruptions, and four stretched rheumatoid ligaments. Atlantoaxial instability associated with transverse ligament rupture or ligamentous laxity required internal fixation. In contrast, fractures of C-1 or C-2 or atlantoaxial rotatory dislocations associated with an intact transverse ligament healed without instability or nonunion. The transverse ligament is the primary stabilizing component of C-1. The treatment of atlantoaxial instability has previously been based on criteria drawn from computerized tomography or plain radiographic studies, which only indirectly assess the probability of rupture of the transverse ligament. It is concluded that MR imaging accurately depicts the anatomical integrity of the transverse ligament. After transverse ligament failure, the remaining ligaments of the craniovertebral junction are inadequate to maintain stability. The presence of ligament disruption should be considered as a criterion for early fusion. | |
| 2661568 | Medical considerations and perioperative care for rheumatoid surgery. | 1989 May | Surgery on patients with RA should be undertaken after careful consideration of a number of issues. These include an overall assessment of the status of the patient's arthritis, general health and preparedness for the procedure and the rehabilitation which follows. Special attention must be given to organs that may be affected by the systemic involvement which occurs with rheumatoid disease. Sites requiring specific review include the cervical spine, lungs, airway, bone, and bone marrow. Intraoperatively and postoperatively rheumatoid patients may require supplementary corticosteroids and an adjustment of the dose of their antirheumatic medications. Various systemic rheumatic diseases can have predominantly hand signs and symptoms at their onset. It is valuable to be familiar with the clinical features of gout with tophaceous inflammation, psoriatic arthritis, Raynaud's disease, and amyloidosis. | |
| 1930330 | Human synovial mast cell involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Relations | 1991 Sep | Mast cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion of synovium obtained from 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 42 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). A significantly lower percentage of stainable synovial mast cells was obtained by tissue digestion from patients with clinically active RA compared with those with less active disease. The 54 patients treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs had a significantly lower percentage of stainable synovial mast cells in cell suspension than did the other 36 patients. When anti-IgE antibody was used as a secretagogue in vitro, significantly greater histamine release was observed from synovial mast cells of RA patients compared with OA patients. Greater histamine release in response to anti-IgE was observed in the RA patients with more clinically active disease and those who were treated with prednisone, compared with RA patients without these features. Synovial mast cells of RA patients treated with a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug had a significantly lower mean histamine content than did cells from patients not receiving such treatment. Our data suggest that there are differences between synovial mast cells from tissues of patients with RA and OA and suggest that synovial mast cells may be activated in clinically active RA. In addition, the data indicate an effect of systemic antirheumatic therapy on mast cells isolated from synovium of patients with arthritis. | |
| 3068794 | A review of the histopathological evidence on the pathogenesis of cartilage destruction in | 1988 | These are three ways of cartilage destruction as summarized in Fig. 1. The relative significance of the contribution among them to the pathogenesis of cartilage destruction varies individually. It appears important here to note that chondrocytes themselves are not actively involved in the pannus formation. Chondrocytes only provide a basis for extension of the pannus by proteolytic digestion of cartilage matrix. It is however possible in some individuals that the digestion of cartilage by chondrocytes plays the predominant role in their cartilage destruction. Besides the autonomous proliferative potential of pannus tissue, it seems evident that active synovitis is the main cause of cartilage loss. This is quite important from the therapeutic view point, because we can expect to halt the disease process causing joint deformities by controlling the active synovitis. | |
| 3793964 | Protein-bound homocyst(e)ine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing D-penicillam | 1986 Nov | Protein-bound homocyst(e)ine was measured in the plasma of 38 nonhomocystinuric patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nineteen of them were treated orally with D-penicillamine 100-1,500 mg/d for a period of one month to 15 years. For these patients, the mean +/- standard deviation level of plasma protein-bound homocyst(e)ine was 1.95 +/- 1.07 nmol/mL. In contrast, the mean plasma level of protein-bound homocyst(e)ine was 4.72 +/- 1.11 nmol/mL in the 19 patients who had not been treated with oral D-penicillamine. There was a statistically significant difference (P less than .0001) in the plasma protein-bound homocyst(e)ine concentrations between patients with and without oral D-penicillamine therapy. Thus, it may be speculated that oral D-penicillamine may be beneficial in protecting patients from the development of thromboembolism and arteriosclerosis. | |
| 2293050 | Intradural manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis causing spinal cord compression. | 1990 Oct | Rheumatoid arthritis as a cause of medullary compression due to subluxation of rheumatically diseased joints is very common. However, spinal cord compression by rheumatoid nodules is seen rarely, usually by extradural lesions. We describe two cases of intradural rheumatoid nodules causing spinal cord compression. | |
| 2773569 | [Mycoplasma and rheumatoid arthritis in children]. | 1989 | A microbiological and serologic investigation was carried out in 80 children with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to detect Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma as possible causative agents of RA. The antigen of Mycoplasma in question is shown to be detectable in 42.6% of cases more commonly as part of an association of 2 or more species. M. arthritidis and U. urealyticum are the more common findings. Anti-mycoplasma antibodies were detected in 25.7% of the examined children. The role of these Mycoplasma species in RA is discussed, as is the need for etiotropic treatment of mycoplasma rheumatoid arthritis. | |
| 3500530 | Alteration of tryptophan metabolism in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arth | 1987 Oct | Tryptophan, its metabolites and related enzyme activity in synovial fluid, blood and urine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) were measured. The levels of tryptophan, kynurenine and anthranilic acid in the synovial fluid higher in RA were than in OA, whereas the xanthurenic acid level was equal in RA and OA. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase activity in the synovial membrane was higher in RA than in OA. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the synovial fluid and the blood and the 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) level in the synovial fluid were essentially the same for both diseases. However, the 5-HIAA level in the serum of RA patients was higher than in those with OA, and the 5-HIAA level in the urine of RA patients was lower than in those with OA. In addition, monoamine oxidase-A and B activity in the synovial fluid of RA patients was decreased than in those with OA. These findings suggest that metabolism of tryptophan is altered in patients with RA. | |
| 2577114 | IL-6 gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis, pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthrit | 1989 Dec | The restriction enzymes MspI and BglII identify two different two-allele restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in the human IL-6 genes of healthy Danes. Co-dominant segregation was demonstrated for both marker-systems and the test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed no significant deviation from expectations. There is a strong correlation between the two marker systems. The two IL-6 RFLP's were studied in Danish patients with rheumatoid arthritis, pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The frequencies of the MspI and BglII marker phenotypes did not differ between healthy controls and the three disease groups. No extra or missing DNA fragments were observed in the disease groups when compared with controls. | |
| 2214390 | [A case of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arth | 1990 Mar | A 54-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis visited his general practitioner because of fever and cough. Chest X-ray showed an infiltrative shadow in the right lower field. Antibiotic treatment was not effective, and the specimens obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy was not diagnostic. The patient was transferred to our hospital for further examination and treatment. Previously he had been treated with prednisolone in the knee joint for rheumatoid arthritis. Open lung biopsy was performed. The specimen obtained showed bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) histologically. The patient recuperated and the chest X-ray shadow decreased with no therapy except the previous treatment with prednisolone. | |
| 2277791 | [Effect of thymus extract TFX (Polfa) on hemoglobin level and peripheral blood erythrocyte | 1990 Jun 4 | Calf thymus preparation (TFX-Polfa) was administered + to 25 patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis in the II and III phase of the disease. Only patients not tolerating gold or D-penicillamine because of allergy or other complications, were included into the study. TFX was administered in a daily dose of 10 mg TFX protein i.m. for 60 consecutive days, followed by the treatment in outpatient clinic for successive++ 10 months. Statistically significant increase in the hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte counts was produced by both a 2-month intensive treatment and a 12-month of therapy with TFX. | |
| 2049576 | Limited heterogeneity of the HLA class II contribution to susceptibility to rheumatoid art | 1991 Jun | Most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibit an HLA class II epitope found on most DR4 and DR1 molecules. We have investigated the possibility of other associations being present in the minority of patients lacking these antigens. One hundred and eighty patients with classical or definite RA and 100 controls were assigned HLA-DR, DQ and DP types by a DNA-based system using sequence-specific oligonucleotides to probe amplified class II alleles amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The expected associations with DR4 (relative risk 10, P less than 0.0001) and DR1 (relative risk 2.3, P less than 0.001) were observed and only 13% of individuals lacked both of these alleles compared with 54% of age- and race-matched controls. A significant association with DRw10 (P = 0.02) was also observed in the DR4/DR1-negative RA group (3/23 patients compared with 0/54 DR4/DR1-negative controls). No novel associations with other DR, DQ, or DP alleles were evident in contrast to some previous studies. The third allelic hypervariable region of the DR beta chain of DRw10 contains a similar amino acid sequence to that found in many DR4 and DR1 molecules. These results extend this correlation and suggest that this susceptibility determinant may account for the HLA-linked susceptibility in 89% of our cases of RA. | |
| 3621843 | Serum concentration of vitamin D metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis. | 1987 Jun | One-hundred and two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied. They were divided into three groups according to treatment with gold salts, penicillamine or glucocorticoids. Blood samples were drawn between November and January and four different metabolites of vitamin D (25(OH)D3, 24,25 (OH)2D3, 25,26 (OH)2D and 1,25 (OH)2D) were measured and compared to values from normal subjects. The mean serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 in all three patient groups were significantly lower than those of the controls (p less than 0.01-0.001). The mean serum concentrations of 24,25 (OH)2D3 and 25,26 (OH)2D were not significantly different from the control values, whereas 1,25 (OH)2D concentrations were significantly lower in the penicillamine and steroid groups (p less than 0.05-0.01). When patients were stratified according to functional classes, we found a significant inverse relation between serum concentrations of 25(OH) D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, 25,26(OH)2D and the functional class, but not between 1,25(OH)2D and the functional class. We conclude that the decreased serum 25(OH)D3 concentration found in patients with RA is likely to be caused by decreased exposure to sunlight due to decreased activity, and thus is a result of the disease rather than a pathogenetic factor. Whether the small decrease in serum 1,25(OH)2D is of clinical significance and related to the development of osteoporosis in patients with RA is probably doubtful. | |
| 3579385 | Immunopathological abnormalities in the normal skin of patients with rheumatoid arthritis | 1987 Mar | Fifty two patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied over a period of one year to investigate possible relationships among changes of circulating immune complexes (CIC), deposits of immunoglobulins and complement around the cutaneous blood vessels, clinical activity of the disease, and the presence of extra-articular manifestations (EAM). The presence or absence of IgM and C3 in and around the cutaneous blood vessels correlated significantly with the presence or absence of extra-articular features in cross sectional and longitudinal studies. Patients with evidence of these cutaneous immune deposits also had a greater prevalence of CIC as determined by the Clq binding assay (ClqBA) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) assay for IC containing IgM (IgM IC). Although the degree of perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration around the blood vessels in the papillary dermis was related to the patients' clinical state at the initial assessment, it did not correlate with the later changes in the activity of the joint disease or the occurrence of EAM. Thus the deposition of immunoglobulin or complement, or both, seems to be independent of cellular infiltration. The meaning of these cellular infiltrates is not yet fully understood. Our study has shown that many patients with RA who appeared to have only joint disease in fact had subclinical systemic disease as reflected by a positive skin biopsy or CIC. Moreover, the disappearance of IgM deposits from the skin correlated with the disappearance of EAM and improvement of joint disease. | |
| 3202531 | [Broncho-alveolar lavage in pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis]. | 1988 | This study was designed to investigate by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) the characteristics of lung involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Twenty six patients with RA were included; ten were active smokers. Chest X Ray, pulmonary function tests and BAL were performed in all patients. Bronchiolitis was found in 7% of cases, pleurisy in 30% of cases. 83% of patients were found to have diffuse alveolar and/or interstitial disease, 17% rheumatoid nodules. Functional evaluation showed a restrictive pattern and a significant reduction in the carbon monoxyde diffusing capacity. Smokers had elevated BAL macrophages and decreased lymphocytes compared with non-smokers: respectively 89% vs 62.9% and 7.3% vs 18.9%. Patients with bronchiolitis had lower FVC than others: 38 +/- 14% vs 61 +/- 3%, and their BAL neutrophils were increased: 71 +/- 23% vs 7.5 +/- 2%. There was an inverse correlation between neutrophil counts and FVC in non-smokers, and diffusing capacity. We conclude that BAL inflammatory cells profiles are abnormal in RA and modified by a smoking history and the existence of a bronchiolitis. | |
| 3829481 | Membranous glomerulonephritis in rheumatoid arthritis not related to gold or D-penicillami | 1987 Feb | In a series of 96 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) there were 14 who had concomitant rheumatoid arthritis. Ten of these had been treated with gold or D-penicillamine; in four patients neither of these drugs could have been responsible for the MGN. One of them received intrasynovial osmium tetroxide two months before the clinical onset of MGN. Three of the patients had positive rheumatoid factor. HLA-type was examined in three patients and all showed B27 antigen but not DR3. No patient developed signs of systemic lupus erythematosus during the follow-up (mean 5.9 years). In two patients MGN persisted as judged from urinary abnormalities, one patient recovered after a relapse period and one developed secondary amyloidosis. | |
| 2009648 | Disease-modifying agents and experimental treatments of rheumatoid arthritis. | 1991 Apr | The pharmacologic management of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient involves the use of various classes of therapeutic agents to induce symptomatic relief and reduce disease activity. Aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are used initially to lessen the degree of pain and swelling associated with the inflammatory disease process. The addition of a heterogeneous class of compounds, "second-line" therapy (previously known as disease-modifying antiinflammatory rheumatic drugs), is advocated to modify the disease course itself. Second-line treatments include antimalarials, gold salts, D-penicillamine, azathioprine, and methotrexate. Randomized placebo-controlled trials ahve demonstrated the efficacy of these compounds in RA. Improvement in standard parameters of disease activity including the number of painful and swollen joints, duration of morning stiffness, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate has been noted with these second-line drugs. Whether they modify roentgenographic progression is under rigorous study. These agents alone or in combination rarely induce complete disease remission. Therefore, newer therapies are under intensive investigation and include sulfasalazine, cyclosporin A, and combination therapy. | |
| 1970370 | Low-dose cyclosporin versus placebo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | 1990 May 5 | 144 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis from six centres were randomised to receive oral cyclosporin or placebo for 6 months. The initial daily dose of cyclosporin was 2.5 mg/kg, which was increased cautiously with monitoring of serum cyclosporin levels and creatinine; the mean stabilisation dose was 3.8 mg/kg. There were significant improvements in the cyclosporin-treated patients compared with the controls in the major outcomes of reduction of active joints (23% improvement), pain (24%), and functional status (16%); global improvement was 27%. In the cyclosporin group serum creatinine increased by a mean of 15.6 mumols/l and mean arterial blood pressure by 6.27 mmHg; these increases were controlled in all but 2 patients by dose adjustment without withdrawal from the study. | |
| 3288222 | A long-term prospective study of the use of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Update a | 1988 May | Twenty-five patients have completed a mean of 53 months of treatment with methotrexate (MTX) as part of a prospective study of the long-term safety and efficacy of the drug. Since the time of the last report (at a mean of 29 months), the mean dosage of MTX has increased from 12.4 mg/week to 14.6 mg/week, whereas the mean prednisone dosage has decreased from a baseline of 7.1 mg/day to 1.9 mg/day. A significant improvement from baseline in all clinical parameters tested was maintained, and response to therapy did not vary significantly between the assessment at 29 months and that at 53 months. Toxic reactions were as common during months 30-53 as during the first 29 months of the study, with patterns of toxic reactions remaining consistent within each patient. Radiologic evidence of disease progression was not seen before 24 months of MTX treatment, but after this time, it was observed in some patients. We conclude that many clinical features of long-term MTX therapy are distinctly different from what might have been expected after the short-term trials. | |
| 3942147 | Onset of type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism on withdrawal of gluco | 1986 Jan | A 57-year-old white man manifested adrenal insufficiency, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus reflected by diabetic ketosis, primary hypothyroidism, and primary hypogonadism on rapid withdrawal of glucocorticoid therapy of several years' duration for rheumatoid arthritis. Resumption and continuation of glucocorticoid therapy for six months resulted in remission of type I diabetes mellitus and hypogonadism, and a euthyroid state was achieved by replacement therapy with L-thyroxine. |