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PMID	Title	PublicationDate	abstract
1366140	[The effect of Tauredon on the development of non-specific indicators of inflammatory acti	1992	The objective of this research has been to determine the effects of the gold salts Tauredon Byk Gulden on the development of non-specific parameters with regard to the inflammatory processes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The group being tested comprised 8 men and 35 women with a positive diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, their average age being 50, the average disease course 9.5 years. During a six-month continuous application of Tauredon, the following parameters were observed in regular intervals: the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the haemoglobin level in the serum and the C-reactive protein. The statistical processing of data indicated that Tauredon significantly reduces the erythrocyte sedimentation, considerably increases the haemoglobin level in the serum and significantly decreases the C-reactive protein value.
1507822	[Comparative assessment of various programs of plasmapheresis in the combined treatment of	1992 Feb	Therapeutic efficacy of various plasmapheresis (PA) programmes was comparatively studied in 92 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PA performed as a placebo (the control group) confirmed the efficacy of PA in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The choice of a particular regimen of the procedure depended on the health status of the patient. The programme of PA with the elimination of one volume of the circulating plasma (VCP) turned to be the most effective in the patients with highly active course of the disease while the procedures with the elimination of 1/2 and 1/4 VCP should be used in those with moderate or minimal activity of the disease. The assessment of the therapeutic response should be based on the clinical data, ESR and the contents of circulating immune complexes--the most dynamic laboratory tests.
8020719	[Immunogenetic methods in the prognosis of the efficacy of using a method of transfusing e	1993 Feb	HLA antigens distribution among subgroups of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was compared with reference to the results achieved after the treatment with transfusion of extracorporeally irradiated autologous blood (TEIB). The treatment efficacy was found to be in general 66% and to depend on HLA phenotype, age of the patients, the RA activity. The analysis of associations of clinical significance exhibited by clinical, laboratory and immunogenetic signs made it possible to derive a formula for individual prognostic criterion capable of raising TEIB efficacy to 89%.
8012255	Clinical experience of ceramic cementless total knee arthroplasty in RA and a histological	1993 Summer	The Kyoto total knee cementless prosthesis (KC-1) was used in 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Its femoral component is made of alumina ceramics which articulated with a HDP plate supported by a ceramic plate. Although the followup period is short, the postoperative result is not satisfactory, because remarkable sinking of the tibial component was noticed in those patients who have bone atrophy. We had 6 cases of revision so far. Since 1986, we have been using bone cement in all cases of RA in doing TKA.
1455372	[The efficacy of basic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate].	1992	Overall 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis received methotrexate as basic therapy in a weekly dose of 7.5 mg. The patients were followed up for a year. The control examinations were carried out every three months. The therapeutic effect was evaluated from the dynamics of 10 clinical and laboratory parameters. The efficacy of methotrexate treatment provided for a year turned out as follows: significant improvement was attained in 11 patients, improvement was recorded in 9; no changes were demonstrated by 5 patients. Thus, the positive effect was attained in 20 patients (80%). A clinical remission was recorded in 4 patients. Small doses of methotrexate were tolerated well. During one year, the drug was discontinued in none of the patients. Mild side effects were noticed in 11 patients. The temporary drug withdrawal made it possible to continue treating those patients. The majority of the humoral immunity tests showed positive dynamics. As for the titers of rheumatoid factors, such regularity could not be traced.
8039284	Response of soluble IL-2 receptor levels during gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.	1994 Mar	Soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL2R) levels were measured at week 0 and week 24 in the sera of 27 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who had taken part in a chrysotherapy study. At entry (wk 0) although sIL2R levels were significantly elevated in the rheumatoid patients there was no significant correlation with a clinical disease activity score, C reactive protein (CRP) or rheumatoid factor (RF). After 24 weeks of chrysotherapy there was no significant change in sIL2R levels although the clinical activity score, CRP and RF were significantly reduced. However, measurement of sIL2R in 7 patients who had obtained clinical remission following 38-73 months of gold treatment showed significantly lower levels of sIL2R than patients with continuing active disease.
8162640	Stable pattern of stress coping in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.	1994 Jan	The stress coping mechanisms of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (74 women and 27 men) were compared to those of healthy controls (17 women and 16 men) using the Stress Coping Questionnaire of Janke et al. (1). Based on the duration of illness, male and female patients were divided into three groups, those with a duration of illness of less than 5 years, those with 5-15 years and a third group with 15 or more years of illness. From a comparison of these groups with healthy controls, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) RA patients can be characterized by a coping pattern which is determined by significantly more cognitive mechanisms, e.g. trivialization, more attempts at controlling their reactions and less self-accusation. (2) The patient groups with different disease durations do not differ in their coping patterns. The stress coping behaviour of RA patients seems to be stable and does not appear to be influenced by the duration of illness.
1463317	[A new case of collagenous colitis associated with rheumatoid polyarthritis].	1992 Oct	The authors describe a case with concomittant chronic polyarthritis and collagenous colitis. The sub-epithelial band-like collagenous deposit may be the result of fibroblastic production with autoimmune stimulation.
8353990	Expansion of gut associated immunoglobulin A secreting lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis	1993 May	We report the emergence of polyclonal expansion of gut lymphocyte associated tissues producing IgA in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis associated with a high serum IgA concentration. The role of IgA in rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed.
9036718	[Nosologic criteria in rheumatology].	1996 Sep	Nosologic criteria are important tools for diagnosis and categorization of rheumatic diseases, disease status and outcome. They have been developed predominantly for phenomenologic syndromes (of unknown etiology) and are standards of the scientific communication as well as necessary instruments for the selection of patient groups for investigations in different fields of rheumatology (epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical rheumatology, diagnostics, therapy). Diagnostic criteria help to identify disease in individual patients. Classification criteria separate patients with a particular disease from patients without the disease and are useful to select and describe patient groups. Status indices assess disease activity and actual damage according to reversible or irreversible features respectively. Prognostic criteria differentiate patients with probably favorable or severe disease course or outcome, and outcome criteria are designed to assess the overall impact of a disease as dependent variables for clinical studies. This review describes the different types and purposes of nosological criteria in different rheumatic diseases as well as their problems. Some aspects of the actually used criteria especially from the "Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee" of the American College of Rheumatology are critically commented.
8634794	[Bilateral pleural effusion and rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnostic value of pleural fluid cy	1996 Mar	We present a 69 years old male patient diagnosed of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with signs of pleuropulmonar disease. The diagnose of RA was done of 49 years and since then treated with non steroid antiinflammatory drugs and during the acute phases of RA with steroid drugs. The pleural effusions showed an exudate with pseudochilothorax criteria with acid pH acid low glucose concentrations. The cytological study of the effusion demonstrated the presence of characteristic mononuclear cells.
1455375	[The immunomodulating action of extracorporeal treatment methods and the late effect from	1992	Unlike hemocarboperfusion (HCP), plasmapheresis (PA) produces a long-term effect in the treatment of serious cases of rheumatoid arthritis. This explains why the rebound syndrome occurs in PA two times less frequently. The analysis of the immunomodifying action of both the treatments and comparison of their efficacy suggest the conclusion that long-term and complete remissions are associated with the immunosuppressive effects, while the development of exacerbations accompanies the immunomodifying effect. HCP stimulates the immune system, while PA can induce both stimulation and suppression. Therefore, HCP can be used as an adjuvant treatment of highly active rheumatoid arthritis before the basic therapy. In PA immunosuppressive effect, it may be used as an original treatment method.
8441162	Which clinical variables contribute to the physician's assessment of medium term outcome i	1993 Jan	To investigate the clinical variables that contribute to the physician's opinion of the medium term outcome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we compared the physician's opinion with statistical modelling of these clinical variables. In 133 young female patients with RA followed yearly (mean followup duration 6 years) from symptom onset, the physician had to state whether the disease course was mild or progressive. Using logistic regression models we concluded that the physician's opinion could be explained by using a compilation of the erosion score, the number of swollen joints, the Ritchie score as measured at the latest visit, in combination with either the mean number of swollen joints during followup, or the number of prescribed second line drugs. Several different models with a common core were equally close to the physician's opinion.
8937702	The surgical management of the rheumatoid foot.	1996 Nov 6	After cancer and heart disease, arthritis is the third most common health problem in the UK and Europe. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis require more medical care then those with osteoarthritis because rheumatoid patients have multiple joint involvement. Some patients require surgery for successful treatment of their painful joints. This article outlines the surgical procedures most commonly undertaken for reconstruction of the rheumatoid foot, and summarizes the indications for these procedures and the causes of failure.
8810684	Is the control of disease progression within our grasp? Review of the GRISAR study. (Grupp	1996 Sep	A prospective, open, multicentre, randomized study with a blinded radiological end-point was started in 1991. The aim of the study was to assess whether cyclosporin A (CyA) controls ongoing anatomical damage in active early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) better than conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as used in everyday clinical practice. A total of 340 consenting patients with early RA (mean duration 1.4 yr) were recruited; 167 were randomized to CyA 3mg/kg per day and 173 to DMARDs. Hand, wrist and foot X-rays were blindly scored by a central committee of three radiologists using the Larsen-Dale method. Any side-effects were carefully recorded. The control of clinical symptoms was similar in both groups. Radiological evaluation of 284 patients (141 on CyA; 143 on DMARDs) after 12 months showed a significant decrease in the mean progression in the eroded joint count (1.3 +/- 3.1 vs 2.4 +/- 3.0, P < 0.001). There was also better maintenance on treatment with CyA than in the group treated with DMARDs (89.2 vs 77.5%, respectively; P = 0.002). CyA seems to offer greater control of ongoing anatomical joint damage in early RA than conventional DMARDs after 12 months.
7857998	Characteristics of participants in water exercise programs compared to patients seen in a	1994 Jun	PURPOSE: To determine if community-based water exercise programs are serving people with significant levels of disability and pain. METHODS: Eighty-seven participants in water exercise classes and 174 patients from a rheumatic disease clinic were matched for age, sex, and diagnosis and comparisons were made between the groups for the study variables. RESULTS: Patients had significantly higher disability, pain, global disease severity, anxiety, and depression and lower grip strength than participants. Osteoarthritis (OA) patients (n = 126) compared to OA participants (n = 63) had similar significant differences for all variables. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' (n = 48) scores were all more severe than RA participants' scores (n = 24), and these differences were similar in magnitude to OA differences, but only global disease severity and grip strength were statistically significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Water exercise classes are reaching persons with important levels of dysfunction and pain, but more severely affected patients are underrepresented in such programs.
7799383	DC-ART: preventing or significantly decreasing the rate of progression of structural joint	1994 Sep	Progressive joint damage, increasing deformity, and declining function characterize rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The evidence suggests structural joint damage is the predominant cause of functional impairment. Structural changes of joints are evaluated by imaging methods. Plain joint radiographs remain the best method for determining the extent and nature of structural changes at present. Newer technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging may eventually replace them. Clinical studies of antirheumatic drugs involving the assessment of prevention or significant decrease in the rate of progression of structural joint damage in RA should meet several standards. All patients who enter a study, whether they continue medication or not, must be assessed on its completion. Studies require sufficient power to determine realistic differences due to therapy. They should last long enough for a reliable analysis of the effects of joint damage; 1 year would be the minimal period for such a study, and 2 years would be preferable. Evaluation should concentrate on erosions and related structural changes in juxtaarticular bone; mapping osteoporotic areas in early disease may be a sensitive and objective measure. Assessments ought to use changes within the hands and wrists to indicate overall progression, with the feet included in evaluating early disease. There should be different therapeutic aims at various stages of RA, focussing on preventing new erosions developing in early disease (< 2 years from diagnosis), preventing new erosions occurring in established disease (2-5 years from diagnosis), reducing the rate erosions develop in established disease (< 5 years from diagnosis), and reducing the rate of joint destruction in late disease (> 5 years from diagnosis).
8156312	Towards a measure of patient-perceived handicap in rheumatoid arthritis.	1994 Apr	The impact of chronic disease on an individual depends not only on the severity of the disease, but on his/her life role i.e. his/her needs, expectations etc. The World Health Organization expresses the impact of chronic disease in terms of impairment, disability and handicap, where handicap is the social disadvantage resulting from disease. This article argues that the assessment of patient-perceived handicap is essential to the clinical management of chronic disease because it provides the physician with clinically relevant information about the meaning of disease for each patient, enabling treatment and intervention to be tailored to meet individuals' needs. The development of a method for assessing patient-perceived handicap using patient profiles with the object of supplying the physician with a simple clinical tool is described.
9471394	[Morphologic analysis of synovial effusion in rheumatoid arthritis. I. Light microscopy--c	1995 Aug	Inflammatory synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis contained IgG, IgM and C3 component of complement, unspecific esterase and acid phosphatase and affinity to Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA). Various forms of a degeneration of polymorphs, giant non-lymphoid mononuclear cells with cerebriphorm nuclei in different stages of phagocytosis and lymphocytes, sometimes with numerous nuclear invaginations, were found. All the cells of synovial fluid contained IgG, not the IgM. C3 component of complement was limited to non-lymphoid non-lymphoid mononuclear cells. Both the enzymatic activities were especially stressed in polymorphs. PSA was bound to all cells.
1455373	[The possibilities for a modifying influence of basic therapy on the long-term course of r	1992	Analysis was made of the results of basic therapy carried out for 10-15 years in 71 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) bearing in mind the systematic nature of the treatment. The study included patients with the progressive disease variety and the onset of observation instituted within the first 5 years of RA. It is shown that only basic therapy carried out for many years and practically continuously during the observation period made it possible to control the disease. As a result of such treatment policy, 50% of the patients manifested for a long time (6-10 years) a pronounced decrease or complete suppression of RA activity followed by remission, which was accompanied by retardation and the ceasing of the progression of x-ray alterations and functional insufficiency of the joints. Nonsystematic basic treatment did not exert any material effect on RA. The results of such therapy in patients with the RA standing 10-20 years did not differ from those without the use of the basic drugs.