Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4036984 | Low-dose methotrexate treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Long-term observations. | 1985 Sep | Of 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who began to receive low-dose weekly methotrexate up to five years ago, 15 (71 percent) have continued to take this drug for a mean of 42 months and have received a mean total dose of 2,021 mg (range: 915 to 3,075). The clinical improvement noted at the first follow-up (11 months) was sustained throughout this follow-up period (42 months). Three patients (14 percent) have had complete clinical remission and nine others (43 percent) have had an excellent response. Methotrexate was discontinued in four patients between the first and second follow-up because of planned pregnancy (one), gastrointestinal toxicity (two), and fear of toxicity (one). Liver toxicity assessed in these 21 patients and four others receiving long-term methotrexate therapy revealed acute hepatitis in one and elevated transaminase levels in 12 (48 percent). Liver biopsy specimens in 17 patients after a mean of 1,950 mg of methotrexate (range: 915 to 3,125) revealed mild fibrosis in six and no cirrhosis. Methotrexate can continue to suppress rheumatoid synovitis over a prolonged period of time with minimal toxicity in most patients. Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis due to methotrexate may be less common in rheumatoid arthritis than has been reported in psoriasis. | |
| 1265414 | [Atrioventricular blocks and rheumatoid arthritis]. | 1976 Mar | Among 379 hospitalized cases of rheumatoid polyarthritis, 12 auriculo-ventricular blocks were detected between 1965 and 1975. The formation of a complete AV block is usually preceded by a branch block or a first degree block. During the installation of a pacemaker, hypoexcitability was usually noted. Four of the patients died. In the other 8 the evolution has been satisfactory over periods from 6 months to 4 years. Conduction disturbances were found in cases of polyarthritis of 10 years duration on the average. The articular lesions were normally diffuse with considerable lesions detectable radiologically. In many cases the frequency of extra-articular lesions indicated the severity of the rheumatic disease. From the anatomical point of view, histological lesions of rheumatoid polyarthritis were found : granuloma and arteritis in the myocardium. Only 8 authors have previously reported lesions of the donducting vessels at autopsies carried out on rheumatoid polyarthritis cases who had presented AV blocks. Except for Thery's case related to amylosis of the nodal tissue, rheumatoid granulomas occupied the whole or part of the nodal tissue. In elderly subjects suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, it was difficult to establish a strictly rheumatoid origin for the AV blocks observed, unless specific granulomas were discovered anatomically in the nodal tissue. | |
| 6090313 | Rheumatoid arthritis. The role of neutrophil activation. | 1984 Jun | Neutrophils constitute over 90% of cells found in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Since such fluids also contain immune complexes (IgG-IgG and IgG-IgM rheumatoid factors) and complement split products (C5, C5A, DES, ARG, C3B, etc.), all of the reactants are present for a local Arthus lesion. Moreover, neutrophils from RA patients endocytose these immune complexes and complement components in vivo and in vitro. In consequence, it has been suggested that lysosomal enzymes and other mediators of inflammation released by neutrophils after uptake of immune complexes (in the bulk phase or on the surface) account, at least in part, for rheumatoid inflammation. Secretion of lysosomal hydrolases, especially neutral proteases, which provoke tissue injury and generation of reactive oxygen species (e.g. O2) is part of a stimulus-secretion response to a variety of secretagogues, including immune complexes and complement components. However, the pathways of secretion and O2 generation are stimulus-specific and can be dissected to establish cause and effect relationships by (a) kinetic analysis, (b) varying the stimulus, (c) use of impermeant reagents to block discrete responses. Neutrophils also generate products of 11-cyclo-oxygenase (e.g., PGE2, TXA2) and of the 5- and 15-lipoxygenase (mono-, di and tri-hetes, LTB4 and their isomers). However, the cyclo-oxygenase products (except TXA2) do not cause inflammation acting alone; indeed, they inhibit the function of neutrophils, platelets, macrophages and mast cells. The most potent proinflammatory agent yet identified as a product of arachidonate is LTB4. LTB4 is a potent Ca ionophore, a strong chemo-attractant, induces local inflammation, and activates neutrophils. | |
| 3973918 | A tannic acid based preparation procedure which enables leucocytes to be examined subseque | 1985 Jan | A modification of the glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide-tannic acid-uranyl acetate (GOTU) fixation procedure is described which allows human leucocytes to be examined subsequently by either transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). | |
| 7303729 | [The significance of the function of the skeletal and locomotor systems in old age (author | 1981 | Well-functioning skeletal and locomotor systems are very important for the achievement of an active old age. Modern surgical methods allow the treatment of disorders of the locomotor system in such a successful way that the frightening prospect of the patient's confinement to bed with all its considerable risks can be avoided. This holds especially for the treatment of fractured bones, degenerative arthropathies and pathological fractures. | |
| 470454 | Total joint arthroplasty. The ankle. | 1979 Sep | When conservative measures fail to relieve significant disability due to ankle joint disease, the only surgical method of treatment has been arthrodesis. Because of less than ideal results and other long-term problems with ankle arthrodesis, and after numerous investigation to characterize the ankle mechanically, we developed a prosthetic ankle joint replacement. The Mayo total ankle replacement is a metal-on-polyethylene, congruent, constrained prosthesis. Analysis of 94 patients (102 ankle prostheses) revealed good clinical results in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in older persons with posttraumatic degenerative disease. Younger, more active patients in the latter category had more disappointing results. Further design development is under way to improve range-of-motion characteristics, decrease constraint forces, and improve bone fixation of the prosthetic components. | |
| 459561 | Total joint arthroplasty. The shoulder. | 1979 Aug | The experience with total shoulder replacement has led to a greater understanding of the large spectrum of pathology which is associated with glenohumeral cartilage loss. For the majority of patients, a simple "resurfacing" prosthesis with muscle repair is the best choice. With this type of implant, pain relief is consistent (92% in 50 shoulders), mechanical failures are rare (2%), and, with repair of all muscles, an opportunity is provided for maximal return of function. | |
| 1173358 | Development of a knee scoring scale. | 1975 | Two knee scoring scales have been tested against post-osteotomy knees for degeneration arthritis and post-arthroplasty knees (McIntosh Operation) and were found to be acceptable for both conditions. Scoring Scale I was slightly better than Scale II. This scale should be tested on other types of knee reconstruction. Modifications in this scale may be needed in the future in an effort to produce as near perfect an objective knee function scoring method as is possible. | |
| 2857265 | Effects of manipulation of dietary fatty acids on clinical manifestations of rheumatoid ar | 1985 Jan 26 | The effects of manipulation of dietary fatty acids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were investigated in a 12-week, prospective, double-blind, controlled study. 17 patients took an experimental diet high in polyunsaturated fat and low in saturated fat, with a daily supplement (1.8 g) of eicosapentaenoic acid. 20 patients took a control diet with a lower polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio and a placebo supplement. Compliance was monitored by plasma lipid gas-chromatographic analysis, Ivy bleeding time, and diet diaries. Results favoured the experimental group at 12 weeks for morning stiffness and number of tender joints. On follow-up evaluation 1-2 months after stopping the diet, the experimental group had deteriorated significantly in patient and physician global evaluation of disease activity, pain assessment, and number of tender joints. The control group had improved in morning stiffness and number of tender joints on follow-up. | |
| 1079728 | Cell-mediated immunity in rheumatic diseases. II. Mitogen responses in RA, SLE, and other | 1975 May | Lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen were tested in normal patients and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma (PSS), other connective tissue disease, and other illnesses. The relationship of lymphocyte response to diagnosis, therapy, and T- and B-lymphocyte populations was analyzed. Additional studies included the determination of proliferative responses of various combinations of purified T and B lymphocytes cultured with plant mitogens. Lymphocytes from patients with RA and SLE incorporated significantly less thymidine in the presence of plant mitogens as compared to normal and comparably ill subjects. Treatment had no effect on mitogen response. Responses to all three mitogens correlated closely in patients with RA, SLE, or PSS; no correlation was noted between the response to mitogen of lymphocytes in culture and the number of T cells cultured. | |
| 2984109 | [Detection of macrophage activity in the blood and synovia of chronic polyarthritis patien | 1985 Feb | A microassay was developed for the estimation of macrophage (M phi)-activation by released activated oxygen. From peripheral blood or synovia M phi are isolated. O-2 which is released by activated M phi is photometrically detected by cytochrome c reduction. Differences in O-2-production do not exist between monocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls. In contrast synovial M phi from rheumatoid arthritis patients show increased levels of O-2-production. | |
| 7410465 | Arthroplasty with a solid bone graft for protrusio acetabuli. | 1980 Aug | A high percentage of hips in patients with rheumatoid arthritis presenting for total joint replacement have protrusio deformity with extremely thin medial acetabular walls. Biomechanical principles suggest that, to prevent inward migration of the acetabular component, the prosthesis should be positioned laterally near the acetabular rim. To reinforce the medial wall, the femoral head is fashioned into a solid graft which is anchored against the medial wall as a plug, minimising the amount of cement used and making the use of wire mesh and restraining rings about the acetabulum unnecessary. A series of nine operations on seven patients is presented. Serial radiographs, tomograms and scintigrams taken after operation suggest satisfactory incorporation of the grafts, and no complications have been encountered in a follow-up period ranging from three months to two years. | |
| 1629 | Polyarthritis, polyarteritis and hepatitis B. | 1976 Jan | An association between viral hepatitis and two rheumatic disease syndromes has been observed. Twenty-nine patients manifested a transient polyarthritis, sometimes associated with a rash (Group I). Ten patients were seen with a multisystem disease (Group II). Histologic evidence of arteritis or glomerulonephritis was present in seven of ten patients with multisystem disease. Liver tissue from 18 patients showed morphologic evidence of hepatitis with viral features in 9 of 10 patients in Group I and in 6 of 8 patients in Group II. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and/or antibody to HBsAg were detected in sera of all 39 patients. Abnormal liver functions were present in 36. Twelve Group I patients and 2 Group II patients became jaundiced. Rheumatoid factor was present in sera of seven patients in each group. The third component of complement (C3) was depressed in 13 patients in Group I and 7 patients in Group II. The fourth component of complement (C4) was decreased in 8 of 21 Group I and 3 of 7 Group II patients. Synovial fluid C3 was decreased in 2 of 11 Group I and 1 of 4 Group II patient's fluids. Articular inflammation in patients with transient polyarthritis responded in three to seven days to aspirin, acetominophen and/or bedrest alone and rashes disappeared spontaneously. Patients with multisystem disease generally had a prolonged illness and responded somewhat unpredictably to prednisone or a combination of prednisone and cyclophosphamide. | |
| 997656 | [Diagnostic strategy in rheumatology]. | 1976 Aug 15 | Nowadays, rheumatology is primarily understood as arthrology. In special diagnostics at first an articular process is to be ascertained or excluded, the arthralgia is to be separated from the objectifyable arthritic syndrome and this must be more enclosed by simple findings of the anamnesis and the physical examination. The tentative diagnosis which is present after this already in the vast majority of cases must be confirmed by aimed laboratory and X-ray diagnostics. Some guiding principles concerning the X-ray examination, state and perspectives of articular scintigraphy, arthroscopy, thermography and relevant genetic research are reported. | |
| 860909 | Cylinder splints: their use in the treatment of arthritis of the knee. | 1977 Jun | Cylinder knee splints afforded significant relief of pain and were not associated with loss of range of motion or muscle strength in 13 of 15 patients. Splints help patients who demonstrate persistent synovitis of the knee, who do not respond to intraarticular injection of steroids, and for whom surgery is not immediately appropriate. The fiberglass polymer used in this study has several advantages over plaster for splints. | |
| 6392549 | Immunopathology of penicillamine-induced glomerular disease. | 1984 Oct | Four patients with rheumatoid arthritis developed heavy proteinuria after 5 to 12 months of treatment with D-penicillamine. Light microscopy of renal biopsy samples showed minimal glomerular capillary wall thickening and mesangial matrix increase, or no departure from normal. Electron microscopy, however, revealed subepithelial electron-dense deposits, fusion of epithelial cell foot processes, and evidence of mesangial cell hyperactivity. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated granular capillary wall deposits of IgG and C3. The findings were similar to those in early membranous glomerulonephritis, differences being observed however in the results of staining for the early-acting complement components Clq and C4. It is tentatively concluded that complement was activated by the classical pathway. | |
| 6946305 | With what was rheumatic fever confused? | 1981 Aug 26 | Follow-up of 427 cases initially diagnosed in Wairoa county during 1962-76 as rheumatic fever and/or rheumatic heart disease showed that 40 had neither condition and 51 had chronic rheumatic heart disease only. Sources of misdiagnosis were cardiac (e.g. congenital heart disease, onset of atrial fibrillation), joint (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, gout), streptococcal infections not proceeding to rheumatic activity and febrile conditions of childhood. Awareness of the problems, some strengthening of the diagnostic criteria, and the evolution of the illness with time would serve to correct misdiagnosis. | |
| 1185732 | Quantitation of gold in skin in chrysiasis. | 1975 Mar | Skin, plasma, hair, and nail gold levels were determined in three groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis comprising: I. Three patients on long term gold therapy exhibiting altered skin pigmentation (chrysiasis); II. Five patients on long term gold therapy exhibiting normal skin pigmentation; III. Two patients starting gold therapy. Group I had higher skin gold levels (50-140 mug/g) than Group II (7.5-13 mug/g) while Group II had minimal levels. Hair and nail gold levels were not much higher than gold levels in non-gold treated individuals. The possible role of skin in the storage or excretion of gold is discussed. | |
| 6610918 | [Interleukin 2 and rheumatoid polyarthritis]. | 1984 May | The dysimmune state associated with rheumatoid arthritis was approached by the study of a T lymphocyte function, the production of helper factor: Interleukin 2 (I12). This production was measured in 11 patients in comparison with 9 controls. The I12 activity is significantly higher in the patient group. Several mechanisms may be involved in this over-production. The radiosensitive T suppressor function, which was also investigated in this study, was the same in the two groups, so can not explain this overproduction. However, the radiosensitive suppressor function is very variable in the patients, suggesting a clinical correlation which could not be confirmed in this small group of subjects. | |
| 727911 | Patellar fracture after replacement of the tibio-femoral joint with the ICLH prosthesis. | 1978 Aug 11 | Four cases are reported of spontaneous fracture of the patella after ICLH replacement of the knee for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Three of these occur-red in patellae that had not themselves been replaced; one in a resurfaced patella. The former required no specific treatment but the latter required revision surgery. It is argued that the existence of this complication may represent a contra-indication to patellar replacement in the osteoporotic rheumatoid knee. |