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PMID	Title	PublicationDate	abstract
919557	[Immunological findings in serum and synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis	1977 Nov 11	Sera and synovial fluid were investigated in 45 patients with rheumatoid Arthritis and 50 patients with osteoarthritis in inflammatory exacerbation (control group). The following tests were performed: IgG, IgM, IgA determinations, complement components C3, C3, C4, C3-proactivator, ceruloplasmin, electrophoresis, LDH and total acid phosphatase. 1. Serum levels of the ceruloplasmin, alpha 1, alpha 2 and gamma fractions of electrophoresis are significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in patients with osteoarthritis. 2. Synovial fluid: a) There is a significantly higher concentration of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3-proactivator and total acid phosphatase in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. b) C4 is significantly lower in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. c) Both groups were also compared with the help of a point system. Every patient received a plus point when the following criteria were seen: IgM greater than 150 mg/100 ml, C3 greater than 50 mg/100 ml, ceruloplasmin greater than 35 mg/100 ml, alpha 1 greater than 0.21 g%, alpha 2 greater than 0.44 g%, beta greater than 0.60 g% and gamma fraction on electrophoresis greater than 0.90 g%. Another point was added if the criteria ceruloplasmin greater than 22 mg/100 ml and C4 less than 17 mg/100 ml were simultaneously seen. With the help of this points system 48 out of the 50 osteoarthritis patients (96%) received zero points, one received 1 point and one 2 points, as opposed to the patients with rheumatoid arthritis where 35 out of 45 (78%) received one or more points. d) The differentation is not improved through additional testing of the rheumatic factors.
7066049	In vitro conditions affecting the synthesis of sulfated proteoglycans by normal and rheuma	1982 Feb	In vitro conditions affecting synthesis of sulfated proteoglycans by cell suspensions derived from monolayer cell cultures of normal and rheumatoid synovial tissue were examined. The capacity of cells to synthesize proteoglycans was estimated by the incorporation of 35S--sulfate into cetylpyridinium chloride--precipitable material. Synthesis of sulfated proteoglycans was maximal during log phase, and after 2--3 hours of recovery from disaggregation. Normal synovial cells appeared to be more sensitive to changes in serum concentration than were rheumatoid synovial cells, but rheumatoid synovial cells were more sensitive to changes in cell density. The proportion of newly synthesized extracellular proteoglycans increased with the duration of incubation in 35S--sulfate.
6583414	The role of catabolin in the control of cartilage matrix integrity.	1983 Dec	Living articular cartilage may be stimulated to degrade its matrix totally by the influence of catabolic messengers. One such messenger which has been isolated and purified from synovial tissue and blood leukocytes is catabolin. This is a 20,000 molecular weight pI 4.5 protein, which acts on living chondrocytes in subnanogram concentrations. Studies on its synthesis, translocation, and secretion from synovial tissue are reported. Its secretion, but not its principal function, is inhibited by cortisol. Its mode of action appears to be in invoking catabolic responses from effector cells. It may also inhibit the synthesis of matrix components. The possible role of catabolin and other messengers in arthritis will be considered.
752217	[Evaluation of thyroid function in non-thyroid diseases].	1978	The, in non-thyroidal illnesses, frequently occurring changes in the serum concentrations of peripheral thyroid hormones, are shown in patients with acute myocardial infarction, compensated and decompensated cirrhosis of the liver, renal insufficiency and in rheumatoid arthritis. The observed changes, (pathological) low total triiodothyronine, low or normal total thyroxine, and normal thyrotrophine), can make the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism impossible. Only in control measurements, after cessation of the simultaneous non-thyroidal illness, the peripheral thyroid hormone concentrations are found to be in the hyperthyroid range. The only way to establish the diagnosis, (or confirm the clinical suspicion), is to prove non-responsiveness of the pituitary to a TRH-stimulus. TRH-tests have, however, no diagnostic value in illnesses that affect pituitary function directly, such as terminal renal insufficiency. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism can be established by measurement of the basal thyrotrophine serum concentration (elevated) or by measurement of the serum concentrations of 3,3'5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3), which is, according to a recent report, observed to be significantly decreased.
6725899	Tuberculosis of the hand and wrist.	1984 May	Over the past 5 years we have encountered 11 cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the hand and wrist. The most striking feature of this series was the delay between the onset of symptoms and the correct diagnosis. Many patients had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis or nonspecific synovitis prior to the diagnosis of tuberculosis. There was a striking lack of pulmonary symptoms. Only two patients had a prior history of tuberculosis and only one had significant pulmonary involvement. Most had tenosynovitis involving the flexors or extensors. Three had tenosynovitis and arthritis whereas one had only tuberculous arthritis. Two patients had carpal tunnel syndrome as a result of carpal canal involvement. Ten of the 11 patients had apparent cures of tuberculosis subsequent to surgical debridement and antituberculosis therapy.
6354601	A multi-centre study of tiaprofenic acid ('Surgam') and five comparative drugs in rheumato	1983	Two multi-centre studies were carried out in general practice comparing tiaprofenic acid ('Surgam') with five other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (ibuprofen, indomethacin, naproxen, piroxicam and benoxaprofen), one in rheumatoid arthritis and one in osteoarthritis. Two hundred and seventy-seven general practitioners provided completed case records for 856 patients, 373 with rheumatoid arthritis and 483 with osteoarthritis. Approximately half of the patients received tiaprofenic acid and the remainder one of the other drugs. Results showed that tiaprofenic acid was at least as effective as the other drugs. The incidence of side-effects was similar for each group except in the osteoarthritis trial where there was a higher incidence in the patients receiving indomethacin. The overall withdrawal rate from each trial was 4.6% and 5.2% in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, respectively.
6614841	The place of osteotomy in rheumatoid arthritis.	1983 Apr	Osteotomy is technically simple without the incidence of serious complications of prosthetic joint replacement. It relieves pain in the majority of patients in whom it is indicated. Following osteotomy the range of joint movement is only increased in so far as muscle spasm is relieved by freedom from pain. Deformities and soft tissue imbalance can be corrected. Hypertrophic rheumatoid synovium regresses dramatically and rapidly after double osteotomy even if the joint is not opened. In those patients in whom pain is relieved, function improves, strength increases and the radiographic changes of disuse reverse with improved bony structure.
4048877	Flexor tenosynovitis (FTS): a risk indicator of abnormal glucose tolerance.	1985	Diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly of long duration and insulin dependent, can be accompanied by a variety of locomotor system disorders. However, musculo-skeletal syndromes can also appear in patients with mild glucose homeostasis disturbances. Sometimes these locomotor complaints may precede the diagnosis of the deranged glucose metabolism and hence give a clue to the underlying glucose homeostasis abnormality. In the present work, glucose metabolism was studied in 39 patients presenting with palmar flexor tenosynovitis (FTS) but without any other rheumatic manifestations. For comparison, glucose homeostasis was also studied in 44 patients with FTS accompanying rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the first group, 23% had an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a significantly increased frequency vis-Ã -vis the 4.5% found in the RA group and vis-Ã -vis the 5.4% reported for the general population. It is concluded that in the absence of any other rheumatic disease, FTS is a risk indicator of disturbed glucose metabolism and that a simple screening procedure for the purpose of disclosing glucose homeostasis abnormalities is warranted in patients presenting with FTS.
1149485	The effects of morphine and nalorphine on the plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid response to	1975	Morphine in therapeutic dosage has been shown to impair the plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid response to the stress of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Nalorphoine in similar dosage produced no impairment of the response to hypoglycaemia.
6856164	[Proglumetacin for a wide spectrum of activity in clinical medicine].	1983 Jun 23	Twenty-nine patients with gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis were treated as outpatients with proglumetacin, at different doses, during 5-30 days. In all patients with gout and osteoarthritis a significant improvement of pain and inflammatory symptoms was observed, together with a recovery of joint mobility. Seventy-nine per cent of patients with arthritis responded well or very well to the therapy. Tolerance was considered good or very good in 93% of patients.
994566	Unscheduled DNA synthesis in lymphocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients and spleen cells	1976 Dec	DNA repair is an important factor in the abolition or manifestation of mutations. Since intrinsic somatic mutations may be related to the occurrence of autoimmunity, DNA repair was investigated by measuring unscheduled DNA synthesis in lymphocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients by autoradiography. Likewise, unscheduled DNA synthesis was investigated in mycoplasma- and Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Both in human rheumatoid arthritis and experimentally-induced arthritis the capacity for repairing lesions in DNA induced by gamma-irradiation of cells was reduced, while an increased rate of thymidine-incorporation into DNA was found after UV-irradiation. The results are discussed in relation to endonucleases of viral or mycoplasmal origin.
7140064	Nonconstrained total elbow arthroplasty.	1982 Nov	Thirty capitellocondylar unhinged implant arthroplasties were performed on 27 patients during the period from October 1976 through June 1981. The average patient age was 59.4 years, with a preoperative diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in 28 elbows and osteoarthritis in two elbows. Follow-up periods averaged 39.9 months (range, 10-62 months). The indication for elbow arthroplasty were intractable pain, joint instability, failed synovectomy, or bilateral limitation of motion. Ranged of motion evaluations showed moderate increases in flexion, pronation and supination after operation, although there was no significant improvement in extension. Ewald functional evaluation scores improved significantly from the mean of eight points prior to operation to the postoperative mean of 85 points. The significant complications occurring were deep wound infections, necessitating removal of the prosthesis (6.6%), and subluxation (13.2%), which responded to conservative treatment by long-arm casting. One patient required reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament for subluxation. Ulnar nerve paresthesia developed in 10% of the patients. One patient required neurolysis and transposition of the nerve for relief of symptoms. The posterolateral approach was adopted to reduce the incidence of ulnar nerve complications.
7120236	Synovial mononuclear cell responses to rubella antigen in rheumatoid arthritis and unexpla	1982 May	3H-thymidine uptake responses by synovial mononuclear cells to rubella antigen were studied in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 8 patients with unexplained arthritis confined to knee joints. The synovial cells of only 1 rheumatoid subject responded to rubella. In only 1 of the patients with knee joint arthritis was the response to rubella greater than to other tested antigens. Peripheral blood leukocytes did not respond to rubella in either patient. Rubella virus was isolated from the knee joints of both patients.
197598	[Sharp's syndrome (mixed connective tissue disease). Clinical aspects diagnosis and progno	1977 Aug 20	Sharp syndrome (mixed connective tissue disease) is a distinct rheumatic syndrome with symptoms of various connective tissue diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematodes, progressive systemic sclerosis, polymyositis and others). 15 patients with mixed connective tissue disease are described. The clinical picture and diagnostic criteria are evaluated and the course of the disease, treatment and prognosis are discussed.
1100001	Lymphocyte function in rheumatic disorders.	1975 Oct	This review discusses the immunology of rheumatic diseases, specifically rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, and presents some known data, while suggesting what more needs to be learned. Cellular immunity occurring in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus is emphasized.
6748046	Chemotactic behaviour of peripheral and synovial neutrophils during rifamycin SV therapy i	1984 Jun	The effect exerted by rifamycin SV, used intra-articularly in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, on polymorph function was studied. Random and directional locomotion of synovial fluid neutrophils was compared with that of peripheral blood cells in 10 patients followed up during 5 drug applications. PMNs from the two sources were characterized by different responsiveness to this pharmacological agent: blood cells activated chemotaxis in a dose-response way during rifamycin therapy, whereas synovial polymorphs did not modify their locomotor behaviour. It is proposed that the presence of immune complexes and/or factors produced by cell-cell interactions in the articular space may change the synovial neutrophil response to stimuli.
6620267	Observations on the responses of synovial lymphocytes to viral antigens in rheumatoid arth	1983 Aug	The responses of synovial lymphocytes to 12 microbiological antigens, including 8 viral antigens, were studied with the 3H-thymidine uptake procedure in 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 4 patients with Reiter's syndrome. In 4 patients with rheumatoid factor (RF) negative RA, responses to the paramyxovirus antigens, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial were marked, with lesser responses to adenovirus and mumps antigens. The synovial lymphocytes of 6 patients with RF titers of greater than or equal to 1:160 showed only minimal antigenic responses.
7080688	Osteoarthritis--an arthritis?	1982 Jan	Histopathological examinations were carried out on synovial tissues obtained in 74 cases of primary osteoarthritis. The changes observed in the synovial membrane were quantified, and their percentile incidence was compared with that in rheumatoid arthritis. Survey revealed that all histopathological features, considered as manifestations of inflammation, were observed in osteoarthritis too; some features occurred with equal frequency, others with lesser frequency, and others with substantially lesser frequency. In view of the unequivocally pathogenetic start of this joint disease with degeneration of the articular cartilage the prefix of chondrosis is indicated for characterization of this disease, and in view of the undeniably inflammatory changes of the synovial membrane followed by involvement of all articular components the suffix of arthritis is indicated. Thus the designation of chondrosarthritis for "osteoarthritis" or "arthrosis" appears more descriptive and appropriate.
1252263	Perforation of nasal septum in rheumatic diseases.	1976 Jan	Perforation of the nasal septum was noted in 12 patients with rheumatic disease, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Biopsies were taken from the rim of the perforation in 7 of the 12 and revealed no vasculitis, immunoglobulin deposition, or consistent abnormality. Nasal septal perforation is an occasional finding in rheumatic disease and the cause is unknown.
6124976	Plasma exchange in autoimmune disorders.	1982	Plasma exchange has been explored as an adjunctive form of therapy in the management of a variety of autoimmune diseases including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Goodpasture's syndrome, Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis, Polyarteritis Nodosa, Wegener's Granulomatosis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. The rationale for its use is based on the removal of potentially tissue-damaging circulating antibodies or immune complexes. Results have been encouraging but numbers of patients and controlled studies have been few. It is anticipated that future controlled studies will shed critical light on the role of therapeutic plasma exchange in these illnesses.