RABC

Browse

Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes

PMID	Title	PublicationDate	abstract
1103711	Amyloidosis in rheumatoid arthritis.	1975 Jun	The clinical and pathological features of amyloidosis are reviewed with special references to amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Data concerning the nature of the amyloid substance are presented. The amyloid fibril which is the unique and principal component of all amyloid substances, can be constituted by different protein subunits. The amyloid fibril protein AA is a major subunit of the amyloid fibrils particularly seen in secondary amyloidosis including that associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The immunological and chemical properties of protein AA and a structurally related serum protein (SAA) are discussed. Increased knowledge of the nature of amyloid and its precursor proteins may provide better methods for the diagnosis and treatment of amyloidosis.
493893	Rheumatoid arthritis in a Norwegian community (Jondal). A study based on the local doctor'	1979	This study of rheumatoid arthritis has been made in Jondal, Norway, on 803 persons between the ages of 16 and 75 years. Patients suspected of suffering from joint disease other than traumatic lesions were selected from the general practitioner's file, and further information on these patients was obtained from the local hospital and from personal interviews. It was found that 0.5% of the men and 1.2% of the women suffered from rheumatoid arthritis. Six persons (0.7%) fulfilled the ARA criteria for classical and definite rheumatoid arthritis, one fulfilled four criteria (probable RA). However, only 0.4% of the investigated population had more severe disease.
6356908	Diagnostic and therapeutic uses of the arthroscope in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthri	1983 Oct 31	Both the technique and the technology involved in knee arthroscopy have undergone considerable development over the last 10 years. Diagnostically, the procedure allows visualization of synovium, hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage (menisci), and ligaments (cruciate, patellofemoral alignment). Synovitis of rheumatoid arthritis is suspected by boggy, hyperemic, and edematous hypervilli that may undergo necrosis. In osteoarthritis, the synovium is often mildly inflamed and the cartilage demonstrates ulcerations, yellowing, softening, and areas of denuded bone. Synovectomy for rheumatoid arthritis was first performed about 1900. The apparent reduction in morbidity resulting from performing synovectomy through the arthroscope accounts for the resurgence of interest in this procedure. Removal of loose bodies, fragments of cartilage, or synovium helps to reduce synovitis and symptoms in both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Shaving of articular cartilage is often performed in patients with osteoarthritis. There is a suggestion that coring or shaving osteoarthritic denuded bone stimulates repair of a type of fibrocartilage that may be functional. Surgical technology and technique in the field of arthroscopy are advancing faster than the clinical studies necessary to prove their value. Guidelines for the use of these potentially destructive techniques are still needed. Arthroscopy is a rapidly developing field in medicine. The next 10 years will almost assuredly provide enhanced diagnostic and surgical capabilities with reduced morbidity in the rheumatic diseases, and particularly in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
6750117	Clinical comparison of ibuprofen, fenoprofen calcium, naproxen and tolmetin sodium in rheu	1982 May	After baseline aspirin therapy, 89 rheumatoid arthritis patients completed a double-blind, crossover trial comparing ibuprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen, and tolmetin. Initially, patients took the manufacturer's recommended starting dose; this could be increased by 50% within the first 2 weeks of therapy. Patients remained at the chosen dose for 4 weeks and then changed to the next drug. All 4 drugs were tolerated better than aspirin (p less than 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences among the 4 drugs for any efficacy measurements. However, patients' and physicians' rankings showed the same order of preferences: naproxen, ibuprofen, fenoprofen, tolmetin, and aspirin.
6742899	Coeliac disease and rheumatoid arthritis.	1984 Jun	Three cases are reported of adult coeliac disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
735459	[Nature and incidence of causes of death in chronic polyarthritis].	1978 Sep	The study comprises 79 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their death rate and causes of death in comparison to an age- and sex-matched conrol group. The patients had died in the years from 1952 till 1977 and an autopsy was done on all of them in the University Institute of Pathology. Infections turned out to be the most common cause of death (48%), second in rank were various cardiac diseases (20%) while the percentage of other causes of death never exceeded 10 per cent. Possible relations between infections and their importance as a cause of death are discussed.
50619	Symphysial changes in rheumatoid arthritis. A microradiographical and histological study.	1975	Autopsied pubic symphyses of 10 male and 10 female non-rheumatoid subjects and of 11 subjects with RA were studied. Osteo-arthritic changes were common in all elderly symphyses. This caused changes in the structure of the end plates and trabeculae. Some non-rheumatoid samples showed changes suggestive of erosion, but no evidence of inflammation. At microradiography the erosions seen in rheumatoid symphyses differed from the controls due to a lack of reactive sclerosis in the surrounding bone, although true inflammation was seen histologically in only two cases.
48369	[Acid polysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) of the articular cartilage in rheumatoid arthri	1975	As a result of histochemical investigation of the articular hyaline cartilage in 22 pateints with rheumatoid arthritis data were obtained on the decrease and redistribution of acid polysaccharides glycosamine glucane including keratosulphates, which led to an impartment of the cartilage supply and development therein of destructive processes. It was established that the most pronounced changer occurred in the main substance of the cartilage; changes in chondrocytes, according to the authors, were of secondary nature.
6895140	[Comparative drug therapy study with scintigraphic control research].	1981 Mar	By means of the 99m-Tc-pertechnitate joint scintigraphy the authors try to document the effect of antirheumatic drugs in 62 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. By measuring the changes of the synovial blood circulation, conclusions are drawn as to the degree of inflammation. When trying to make a quantitative assessment of the changes of inflammation as compared with a standardised reference region, particularly on the wrist joint, it was found that the activity increased on the reference region on the forearm and that proved to be a possible source of error. The reason for this may be the early involvement of vessels in rheumatoid arthritis. For further calculations it will be necessary to set up joint and radio-nuclide-specific standards as reference points.
447086	The painful hip: helping the handicapped cope.	1979 Aug	When seeing a patient with unexplained knee pain, it is imperative to examine and study the hip. Careful examination and maintaining notes on the patient's ability to walk and to perform daily functions will help determine when and if surgical treatment should be advised. Early consultation with an orthopedic surgeon will frequently be useful in determining whether an intertrochanteric osteotomy of the femur, a resurfacing operation of the hip, or a total hip replacement is indicated. From the orthopedist's point of view, it would be preferable to see the patient when at least 70 degrees of flexion is present. Although intertrochanteric osteotomy is rarely performed in the United States, it is the most common operation for uncomplicated coxarthrosis performed in Europe, and, when done at the right time, can provide the patient with an additional 10 to 15 years of use of his own hip. Resurfacing operations for the femoral head and acetabulum are valuable, if temporary, measures for treating arthritis in the younger patient; for the older patient, total hip replacement is preferred.
749698	Radiological study of cervical spine and hand in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of 15	1978 Dec	Radiological abnormalities in the cervical spine were assessed in detail in a group of 62 patients with rheumatoid arthritis of approximately 15 years' duration, of whom 33 had been treated with corticosteroids and 29 had not. The 10 criteria of damage described by Bland (1974), which include subluxation, correlated as a whole with the severity of the disease in general but not with the duration of corticosteroid treatment. Subluxation alone, whether assessed in the cervical spine as a whole or in the atlanto-axial joint alone, was less closely related to disease activity, was on average greater in patients treated with corticosteroids, and tended to increase in relation to the duration of treatment. Corticosteroid treatment thus tends to produce, over the course of years, a degree of subluxation in addition to that caused by the disease itself. Radiological signs of damage to the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and carpal bones correlated with both the degree of damage and the degree of subluxation in the cervical spine as well as with corticosteroid treatment. Mutilans deformity at the MCP joints was associated with subluxation in the neck and with corticosteroid treatment.
3993664	Insulin antibodies in patients receiving penicillamine.	1985 May	In a patient receiving penicillamine for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, antibodies to insulin developed, which resulted in symptomatic hypoglycemia. When 30 additional patients receiving penicillamine were screened, another patient was discovered to have antibodies to insulin. The level of antibody fell sharply in both patients after penicillamine was discontinued. This particular immunologic reaction to penicillamine has not been reported previously.
7301175	[Synovectomy].	1981 Nov 10	The synovial membrane--the articular district of the s.i.--responds to pathogenic stimuli by cell hyperplasia, giving rise to the so-called pannus. This together with regression and haemorrhage, may lead to self-maintenance of the condition, over and above the persistence of the original insult, resulting in chronicity and degeneration. If performed when the disease is still limited to histiocyte hyperplasia, synovectomy is effective in both single-joint forms and systemic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. These conclusions (already evident in the literature) emerged from a review of a series of 67 synovectomies and 29 tenosynovectomies performed between 1969 and 1978 for various joint and tendon afflictions (not including T.B.) marked by synovial hyperplasia.
6826850	Computed tomography of the craniocervical junction in rheumatoid arthritis.	1983 Feb	Thirty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis had computed tomographic examination of the craniocervical junction. This demonstrated soft tissue features which have not previously been described in published reports. A low attenuation lesion between the odontoid and the transverse ligament shown in 11 patients was considered a premonitory sign of rupture of the transverse ligament or a manifestation of active disease. Computed tomography revealed spinal cord compression in 3 patients and ligamentous changes in the transverse ligament and the alar and spinal ligaments in 26 patients. Erosion of the odontoid was shown in 19 patients and subluxation in 20 patients. No relationship could be found between the clinical signs and symptoms and the radiological abnormalities except in the case of cord compression.
7073340	Serum concanavalin-A binding in rheumatoid arthritis.	1982 Apr	A nephelometric assay of concanavalin-A binding of serum acute phase proteins (con-A binding) has been used in cross-sectional and sequential studies of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Con-A binding correlated well with blood viscosity, C-reactive protein, and other individual acute phase reactants in patients with active RA. Twenty-four patients were treated for 6 months with D-penicillamine and assessed clinically and seriologically. Clinical improvement was accompanied by significant falls in both C-reactive protein and con-A binding, although the serological changes did not always occur in parallel in individual patients. The advantages of this simple, cheap assay of acute phase proteins are discussed.
7178763	Distribution of lysozyme in synovial tissue of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid	1982	Lysozyme-producing cells were analysed by enzyme histochemistry in paraffin sections of synovial tissue of 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 20 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). For lysozyme detection three enzyme histochemical systems - peroxidase-anti-peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and biotin-avidin - were used in parallel experiments. Lysozyme was found to be produced by polymorphonuclear cells, mononuclear phagocytes and part of synovial lining cells. All types of lysozyme-producing cells were increased in RA compared with OA. Subgrouping of RA synovitis according to histomorphological criteria allowed the demonstration of an inverse relationship between the number of lysozyme-producing cells and the grade of proliferation of fibroblasts, called mesenchymoid transformation by Fassbender [19]. The different methods of lysozyme detection differed in specificity and sensitivity. The immunoenzymatic staining of lysozyme allows specific and quantitative evaluation of phagocytizing cells in RA and OA.
110929	Slow onset anti-rheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: could the presence of antinuclear	1979 Mar	The therapeutic value of sodium aurothiomalate, D-penicillamine and levamisole was evaluated in three comparable groups of 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. There was no intergroup difference after a 3-month follow-up and all were significantly improved (p less than 0.001). To verify if, in these patients, the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) had influenced the therapeutic results, each group was retrospectively subdivided according to the ANA status. To start with, all the sub-groups were statistically comparable on the basis of measures of disease activity. The D-penicillamine group could not be analyzed. In the gold treated group, the ANA negative patients were more improved than the ANA positive (p = 0.03), and very significantly more than the levamisole-treated ANA-negative patients (p = 0.005). The ANA negative patients taking levamisole had less pain relief (p = 0.01) and showed a tendency for less overall improvement (p = 0.15) than the ANA positive patients. This preliminary study supports the idea that systematic ANA testing in RA may be of practical and theoretical value.
1265008	Samuel Hyde lecture. Polypharmacy in rheumatoid arthritis--help or hindrance?	1976 Mar	The use of multiple drugs in treating rheumatoid arthritis is based on the assumption that their effects are additive. Sometimes the results are unexpected or the added drug may confer no additional benefit to the patient whilst leaving him more liable to undesirable side-effects. Some form of polypharmacy may be necessitated by the different pharmacological properties of our drugs. Certain drugs have been judged on their steroid-sparing effects allowing lower doses to be used and thereby reducing the toxicity of corticosteroids. It is likely that some potential areas of danger from interacting drugs have been over-emphasized, being based on speculative rather than real data or purely on animal experiments using non-clinical doses. The patient with active RA with a low serum albumin would be unusually susceptible to changes induced by combinations of strongly bound anti-inflammatory drugs. He would also be highly susceptible to side-effects, as has been shown with prednisone. Side-effects here are doubled when the patients serum albumin is below 2.5g/100ml(lewis et al.1971). I believe we should continue to ask ourselves whether by subtracting one or more drugs from the patients cocktail we may not produce a most welcome benefit for both patient and doctor and, I suppose we could even add, the hard-pressed tax payer.
6241348	Prevalence of cardiac and aortic enlargement in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship	1984	The chest radiographs of 309 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were compared with those of 309 controls matched for sex and age. Cardiac enlargement was more frequent in RA females than in controls (P less than 0.05) and the frequency of aortic shadow enlargement was higher in RA patients aged greater than or equal to 60 years than in controls (P less than 0.05). Both cardiac and aortic enlargement was significantly related to several parameters of the severity and the activity of RA, corticosteroid therapy, and elevated blood pressure. A high mortality was present in patients with aortic enlargement and in patients with ECG signs of myocardial ischaemia.
6723125	Circulating immune complexes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the effect of penic	1984	Protein precipitated from the sera of 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by increasing concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) was compared with that from 20 normal controls. The wide range of precipitable protein obtained was only significantly different for the two groups when a 4% PEG concentration was used. To increase the discrimination of the procedure, the precipitated protein was measured for IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 using immunospecific antisera and laser nephelometry. The data obtained from each of these procedures did not increase the specificity of the technique as a means of distinguishing between patients and controls. As part of an investigation of the effect of penicillamine on immune complexes, penicillamine was incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 and 48 h with sera containing immune complexes from RA patients. When the immune complexes were precipitated with PEG, it was found that incubation, by itself, reduced the amount of PEG precipitable protein. The results of in vitro incubation with penicillamine were very variable.