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PMID	Title	PublicationDate	abstract
3757362	Total knee arthroplasty in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A seven-year follow-up study.	1986 Sep	Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for preservation of ambulation is indicated in young adults with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). The bony deformities of JRA require special measures to adequately seat the prosthesis. Thirteen patients with 25 knee arthroplasties were followed an average of 61 months. Prior surgical operations did not affect the outcome of this procedure. A 55% reduction in pain plus an average 30-point gain on Jergesen's functional assessment scale reflected the overall improvement attributable to TKA. To date, no revisions, infections, or loosenings have occurred in this series of patients.
3392078	Involvement of the hip in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A longitudinal study.	1988 Jul	Thirty-five children who had rheumatoid arthritis were followed for three to twenty-two years. Four categories of involvement of the hip were seen. In the first group, thirteen patients had mild disability and slight radiographic changes. In six of those patients the disease was in remission at the time of writing, and the patients were asymptomatic. In the second group, two patients had episodic disability that correlated with the activity of the disease. In the third group, fourteen patients had progressive disability and radiographic changes. Fifty-five of the fifty-nine procedures that were performed on the hip and knee in this series were done on those fourteen patients. In the fourth group, six patients had dramatic clinical and radiographic findings but, at the time of the latest follow-up, had little functional disability. In all six of these patients, the disease was in remission. In the children in this study, protrusio acetabuli was more cephalad than has been found in adults who have rheumatoid arthritis. All of the children had psychosocial problems, but they responded well to counseling. These problems influenced the timing of the surgical treatment.
3737201	[The child's foot in juvenile polyarthritis (cP)].	1986 Jun	The foot, with particular involvement of the ankle joint and forefoot, is an early and frequent site of inflammatory changes in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. According to the type of disease (sero+ or sero-, polyarticular or pauciarticular, HLAB-27 positive), there is a great variety of symptoms and also of prognoses. The involvement of growth cartilage is the cause of an additional deforming factor over and above the usually progressive process. Varus and cavovarus deformities with clawtoes occur most frequently. Owing to the thickness of the joint cartilage, there is mostly no severe functional deficiency; if there is it often occurs only some what late. On the other hand, extensive bony fusions belong to the characteristic picture of certain forms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Since pain occurs only in the presence of severe deformities due to localized pressure, it is rather seldom that patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis come for surgical treatment of their feet. Therefore, it is all the more important to point out the justification of synovectomy in all of these cases, where swelling cannot be removed by conservative measures and in the presence of signs of progressive destruction. Correction of deformities can be achieved by surgery aiming at soft tissue release and osteotomy, partly avoiding arthrodesis. The latter serves to correct fixed deformities and those that disturb function at the end of the growth period.
3780146	Dysphagia and micrognathia in a patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.	1986 Sep	This report describes the case of a 35-year-old man with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The patient experienced swallowing difficulties that were initially thought to be a result of the disease affecting the cervical spine. A maxillofacial examination, however, showed a total loss of the mandibular condyles, short rami and bodies, and a retrusion of the jaw. This was considered to be the main cause of the dysphagia, and not a glossopharyngeal nerve compression. The surgical-orthodontic management of these difficult cases is discussed.
2629546	[Anesthesiologic tactics in the case of children with rheumatoid arthritis receiving hormo	1989 Nov	The efficacy of two types of perioperative corticosteroid therapy has been compared in 191 children with rheumatoid arthritis aged 4 to 15 years, who were preoperatively treated with steroid hormones. The data have been obtained that small doses of steroid hormones used for the prevention of acute adrenocortical insufficiency and differential approach to their application eliminate side effects of glucocorticoids and ensure more favourable conditions for surgery.
2800310	[X-ray characterization of changes of the lungs in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].	1989 May	The results of chest x-ray were analyzed in 66 pediatric patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). X-ray signs of pneumofibrosis were revealed in 37 (56%) patients. Besides, rare pulmonary changes (emphysema, rheumatic nodules, infiltrates) were detected in the JRA patients. The absence of clinical symptoms in the presence of x-ray changes necessitates the performance of chest x-ray in JRA for early detection of the pulmonary symptoms of this disease.
3740785	The value of arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with juvenile rheumato	1986	Arthroscopy of 49 knee joints in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) or suspected JRA is described. A large number of patients had a monoarticular involvement with a difficult differential diagnostic problem. Arthroscopy gave important additional diagnostic information. Arthroscopy gives accurate information regarding cartilage destruction and severity of synovitis. In some patients with JRA arthroscopy was a final tool in deciding whether or not to do a synovectomy. Arthroscopy is a safe examination which gives important additional diagnostic information in patients with JRA.
3280793	Aortic valve insufficiency and coronary artery narrowing in a child with polyarticular juv	1988 Jan	Involvement of the cardiac valves in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a rare but life threatening complication. We report a 9 1/2-year-old girl with rheumatoid factor positive polyarticular JRA who developed aortic insufficiency that required valve replacement. Six months later she developed angina due to narrowing of the left coronary artery, probably secondary to aortitis.
2692124	Cellular basis and oncogene expression of rheumatoid joint destruction.	1989	A new animal model for human rheumatoid arthritis is described, and the unsolved questions regarding the mechanism of primary joint destruction are discussed. Following an analysis of the types of cells and antibodies found in joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis, it is concluded that both expression of oncogenes and the presence of retroviral sequences detectable by monoclonal antibodies to HTLV I p19 and p24 sequences are associated with early abnormal proliferation of apparently transformed cells at the site of initial cartilage and/or bone destruction.
2971111	T/non-T and CD4/non-T cell autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions in juvenile rheumatoid ar	1988 Jun	Proliferation of T and CD4 cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was determined for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and children with other rheumatic and connective tissue diseases. Children with musculoskeletal symptoms but no rheumatic disease and healthy adults served as controls. Patients with polyarticular rheumatoid factor (RF) positive JRA had a diminished CD4/non-T cell AMLR, whereas those with RF negative polyarticular and pauciarticular onsets had normal results.
1895269	Distal interphalangeal joint abnormalities in children with polyarticular juvenile rheumat	1991 Jun	Involvement of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints was noted radiographically in 24 (43.6%) of 55 patients with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. DIP changes were apparent later in the course of the disease and were less severe than in other affected joints. Soft tissue swelling and joint space narrowing were the most frequent abnormalities in the DIP joints. Erosive changes and angular deformities were uncommon. There was no significant correlation between DIP joint involvement and sex, age at presentation, involvement of the hands and wrists at presentation, or positivity of either rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibody. There was a strong correlation between the presence of extraarticular signs and symptoms and involvement of the DIP joints; however, this may reflect the greater severity of the disease in these patients generally.
20144116	Collaboration Between Rheumatologist and Orthopedic Surgeon-a Necessity.	1987	The importance of orthopedic surgery as an auxiliary to any treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is underlined in the present article. No treatment programme for rheumatoid arthritis is satisfactory, if it does not recognize this fact. It must form part of all future planning for hospital care of rheumatological patients.
2377865	[Errors in the diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].	1990 Jan	A total of 50 adolescents with different diseases of the joints were examined. Diagnostic errors were made in 42% of the cases. Hyperdiagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis was observed in 30% of the patients and hypodiagnosis in 12%. The studies showed that the knowledge of the initial manifestations of the disease, its further course, detailed acquaintance with the features of the articular syndrome, extra-articular signs, laboratory data and their dynamics during treatment in each specific case allowed one to avoid diagnostic errors.
20144122	Scanning electron microscopic studies of extensor tendon degeneration in rheumatoid arthri	1987	Examination of the surfaces of four normal and six rheumatoid tendons in the hand by scanning electron microscopy clearly showed the processes of degeneration affecting the tendons in rheumatoid arthritis. These findings seemed to correspond to the clinical state. The surfaces of the healthy tendons displayed fine networks of closely enmeshed collagen fibrils and parallel arrangements of collagen bundles. In acute rheumatoid tenosynovitis numerous inflammatory cells were found on the surfaces of the tendons, later crater and groove formations followed, as was observed in degenerated tendons and ruptured stumps in cases in which the active stage already had calmed down. The hypothesis is discussed that disorganization of tendons in rheumatoid disease may be caused by lysosomal enzymes present in greater concentration in the synovial fluid components of rheumatoid patients than in healthy subjects.
3255976	Life changes related to the onset of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.	1988	Life changes preceding the onset of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were studied in 49 children with prolonged arthritis, and in 58 children with temporary arthritis. In addition, the frequency of changes experienced by patients during their life was compared with the expectancy scores for healthy children. The frequency of changes during the year prior to the onset of the disease did not differentiate children with JRA from children with temporary arthritis. During their lives, the children of both groups had experienced a higher frequency of life changes requiring considerable readjustment than healthy children of the same age.
2786622	[Von Willebrand factor in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].	1989	Forty-three patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were examined. In children with active disease pattern, Willebrand's factor (WF) appeared on the average to be more than twice as increased comparatively to normal. The relationship was established between WF and the characteristics of the inflammatory process activity. The study of the platelet component of hemostasis made it possible to reveal activation of platelet aggregation despite the routine disaggregation and anti-inflammatory therapy, which requires constant laboratory control.
2974488	Immunoregulatory defects in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Comparison between patients wit	1988 Oct	Studies of cellular immunity in juvenile chronic arthritis (juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, JRA) have been scant, controversial, or have not addressed the issue of the different forms of the disease. We studied 23 patients with JRA of either systemic (n = 8) or polyarticular (n = 15) type of onset and compared the findings to those made in 10 healthy children of similar age. Both groups of patients with JRA were found to have increased CD8 T cells, normal production of interleukin-1 and 2 and decreased production of B cell stimulatory factor in their peripheral blood. In addition, patients with systemic JRA were found to have decreased spontaneously expanded and concanavalin-A induced suppressor functions. These findings in both forms of JRA are distinguishable from those that have been made in other connective tissue diseases including the adult form of rheumatoid arthritis.
3258746	Antibodies to types I, II, IX, and XI collagen in the serum of patients with rheumatic dis	1988 Mar	Antibodies to native types I, II, IX, and XI collagen were measured, using a 125I-solid-phase radioimmunoassay, in serum from 104 patients with rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, Paget's disease, or osteoarthritis). In all disease groups, antibodies to type II collagen occurred with greater frequency than antibodies to type I collagen (11-35% versus 5-23%). Antibodies to type XI collagen were the most frequent: They were present in approximately 50% of the patients in the rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, and osteoporosis groups. Antibodies to type IX collagen were found at a high frequency in the rheumatoid arthritis group only (44%). Analysis of the clinical data suggested that the presence of antibodies to collagen was associated with disease that was less severe or of shorter duration.
2957205	Piroxicam in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.	1987	There is little consistency in drug treatment of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, in part because there are few controlled studies of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in this disease. To determine the safety and efficacy of piroxicam in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 26 patients ranging in age from three to 25 years were randomly assigned to treatment with piroxicam or naproxen. The number of painful and swollen joints decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the piroxicam group. The overall assessment of the investigators was that 67% of the patients in the piroxicam group showed clinical improvement, in contrast to 38% of the naproxen-treated patients. Side effects in the piroxicam group were mild and transient, and no patient was removed from the study because of side effects. The recurrence of a cutaneous rash necessitated the removal of one naproxen-treated patient from the study. Although the results should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size, piroxicam appears to be more effective and better tolerated than naproxen in this study.
1854592	The effect of photosensitive dye platonin on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.	1991	Two children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were given photosensitive dye Platonin in combination with prednisolone. Analysis of clinical and laboratory data showed that Platonin was efficacious in the improvement of the clinical symptoms and the severity of inflammation, or in the maintenance of the remission state. There were no adverse side effects during long-term administration of medication.