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PMID	Title	PublicationDate	abstract
329400	[The action of D-penicillamine on the distribution of T and B-lymphocytes in rheumatoid ar	1977 May	Comparative study of the numbers of T and B lymphocytes in cases of rheumatoid polyarthritis treated and untreated with D-penicillamine shows that in the untreated subjects the distribution of these two types of lymphocytes is comparable with that in normal subjects and that D-penicillamine does not alter this distribution. This purely quantitative investigation does not rule out the possibility of functional modifications in the cells studied.
233172	The possible role of Epstein-Barr virus in rheumatoid arthritis.	1979 Nov	The sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis form a precipitate with an antigen present in the sonicate of a human B (bone marrow-derived) lymphoid cell line (WiL2). The antibody is distinct from rheumatoid factor. The antigen can be demonstrated by an immunofluorescence technique to be distributed within the nucleus of the WiL2 cell and shows a discrete speckled pattern of nuclear staining. The nuclear antigen is not detectable in organ extracts from many animal species or in human T (thymus-derived) lymphoid cell lines. The current evidence suggests that the nuclear antigen is detectable only in human B lymphoid cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus. It is not clear at present whether the nuclear antigen is a viral protein or a cell protein induced by the Epstein-Barr virus as a result of polyclonal B cell activation.
923104	Levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in paired examinations of serum and synovial fluid in rhe	1977 Dec 15	Levels of IgE were examined in pairs of serum and synovial fluid of the knee joint in a series of 78 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), reactive synovitis during osteoarthrosis, and after injury. The IgE levels in synovial fluid were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in all groups; in RA, they were in significant correlation (r=0.6208, p less than 0.0001) and in direct linear regression to the levels in serum. In 5 patients of the whole series, however, the IgE levels in serum were lower by one order of magnitude as compared with synovial fluid. Serum levels of IgE in RA were in significant correlation and in direct linear regression to the titres of rheumatoid factors according to the latex-fixation test (r=0.3688, p=0.0249) and the haemagglutination test with sheep red cells (r=0.3721, p=0.0235).
6608857	Complement C3c and C3d in plasma and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis.	1983 Dec	By means of recently developed immunochemical assays increased levels of the complement C3c and C3d split products were found in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as compared with synovial fluids of patients with traumatic synovitis (TS). In plasma, only the C3d levels were significantly increased compared with plasma levels of patients with TS. Both split products were higher in RA synovial fluids (SF) than in RA plasma. A positive correlation between the C3d concentrations in plasma and the presence of IC in serum was found, and between the C3c levels and the concentration of polymorphonuclear cells in SF of RA patients. Due to differences in turn-over of C3c and C3d determination of plasma C3d levels may be a useful parameter for the evaluation of immunological activity in RA, while measurement of C3c in the synovial fluid may elucidate the actual inflammatory activity in the synovial membranes.
6392550	A multicenter double-blind controlled study of lobenzarit, a novel immunomodulator, in rhe	1984 Oct	A multicenter double-blind study was carried out in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by comparing treatment with a novel immunomodulator, lobenzarit, disodium 4-chloro-2, 2'-iminodibenzoate, with an inert placebo. Both groups of patients received 75 mg/day of indomethacin as a basal regimen during the study period of 16 weeks. Group 1 (115 patients) received 240 mg/day lobenzarit, 80 mg TID, and Group 2 (115 patients) received placebo TID orally. A statistically significant improvement was noted in the number of swollen joints and in the Lansbury index at Weeks 12 and 16 in Group 1 as compared to Group 2. Overall clinical effectiveness was significantly higher in Group 1 (63%) than in Group 2 (43%). Incidence of side effects was 38% in Group 1 and 22% in Group 2. The most frequent side effect in both groups was gastrointestinal upset. Our data confirm that lobenzarit is a useful agent in the treatment of patients with RA.
6214529	Familial rheumatoid arthritis: a kindred identified through a proband with seronegative ju	1982 Jun	Segregation of chromosome #6 markers has been studied in a large family, identified by a proband with seronegative, juvenile-onset rheumatoid arthritis, which contains four other individuals with adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two of the adult-onset patients have classical seropositive RA. Sera from two healthy members of this family also contain rheumatoid factors (RF). Six family members had crossovers in the short arm of chromosome #6. Three individuals with recombinants between HLA-B and HLA-D were identified; three others had identifiable crossovers between HLA-D and GLO (Glyoxylase 1). Linkage analysis suggested that susceptibility to RA in this family was influenced by a dominant gene located centromeric to HLA-B. The highest lod score (1.64) was obtained for linkage to GLO at a recombination rate of zero. Inheritance of specific chromosome #6 or Gm immunoglobulin allotype markers did not appear to influence serum RF. These results agree with previous family studies which suggest that acquisition of childhood- and adult-onset RA is influenced by a common disease susceptibility gene, linked to the major histocompatibility gene complex.
658976	[Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with 90yttrium. Follow up studies (author's transl)].	1978 Jun	90Yttrium-silicate was injected into 131 knee-joints from patients with rheumatoid arthritis with stadium II-IV according to Steinbrocker. The observation period lasted until two years. After three months about 80% and after 24 months still more than 50% of the patients treated showed complete or partial remission. Side-effects as formerly observed with 198-goldpreparations did not occur. Therefore the treatment with 90Yttrium-silicate offers an alternative to surgical synovectomy.
7228114	[Technetium scintigraphy in experimental hyperergic arthritis and by rheumatoid arthritis]	1980	Guniea pigs showed an increased uptake of 99m-Tc-04 in the inflamed joints during the first days of experimental arthritis. Tc-04 was found in the joint fluid and inflamed synovia. The uptake of Tc-04 and Tc-MDP was reduced by therapy in 13 patients with RA. Classical RA showed an increased uptake of Tc-MDP compared with probable RA. Scintigraphy offers the possibility of early diagnosis and study of progression.
6428074	[Fatal pulmonary fibrosis caused by gold therapy?].	1984 Mar	The case of a 33-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed a severe pulmonary fibrosis during chrysotherapy of 3.5 months' duration is reported. The course of the fibrosis was progressive and led to respiratory insufficiency and death. The microscopic picture revealed a honeycomb lung with perialveolar proliferation of connective tissue and mononuclear cell infiltration. The clinical and temporal circumstances gave evidence that this pulmonary fibrosis is possibly to be interpreted as a gold-induced lung disease, though a causal connection could not be established with absolute security. However, gold-induced pulmonary fibrosis is usually completely reversible and has no fatal outcome: this would be the first report of a lethal outcome of a gold-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The clinical data of 39 further cases of gold-induced pulmonary fibrosis published elsewhere are presented.
636666	The photometric latex test for rheumatoid factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. I	1978 Mar	The photometric latex test (PLT) for the detection of rheumatoid factors has been clinically evaluated. PLT titers have been closely studied in relation to clinical and laboratory parameters by means of parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. An analysis of the sensitized sheep cell test (SSC) titers has also been undertaken. The subjects comprised 377 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 120 controls. The medical data recorded included sex, age, diagnosis, anatomical stage, functional class, duration and course of the disease, presence of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria, blood sedimentation rate, red and white blood counts, haemoglobin concentration, total protein content, serum protein levels, and SSC and PLT titers. A multivariate stepwise regression analysis with eight normally distributed variables was made. In accordance with previous findings, a significant correlation was shown to exist between the serum protein levels and the development of the RA when the anatomical stage, functional class and course of the disease were used as parameters of disease activity. In the RA patients there was also correlation between the serologic titers and the serum protein levels, and the anatomical stage, functional class and course of the disease, and the sedimentation rate, thus showing that titers can also serve as a measure of the inflammatory process. There was a significant correlation between the number of ARA criteria and the titers in the RA patients but not in the controls. The course of the disease correlated with the serum titers and other inflammatory parameters, a finding showing that the course of the disease is an important diagnostic parameter with possible prognostic value. Correlation was also demonstrated between the white blood count and the titers. It is concluded that the sedimentation rate, albumin and gamma-globulin levels, and PLT titer are the best parameters of disease activity. The titer values are not only of diagnostic importance but have prognostic value as regards the severity of the disease.
1190853	Urinary copper excretion in rheumatoid arthritis.	1975 Aug	The pattern of urinary copper excretion in relation to urine osmolality (as shown by series of aliquots of urine) was studied in rheumatoid patients and in control groups. Rheumatoid patients showed an abnormal copper excretion pattern compared with nonrheumatoid subjects. This was not a direct function of the raised serum copper in rheumatoid disease. Measurements based on 24-hour series of aliquots of urine (as distinct from total pooled 24-hour collections) have been shown to be a useful and sensitive method for studying copper excretion patterns.
6432406	Glutathione and selenium in rheumatoid arthritis.	1984 Jun	The concentration of selenium in serum (S-Se) was studied in 20 patients and glutathione in erythrocytes (E-GSH) in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at onset and after 3 and 6 months of antirheumatic therapy with aurothiomalate (19 cases) or with D-penicillamine (one case). The values were compared to those of age and sex matched healthy controls. S-Se was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in RA patients at the onset of the trial, but increased to the level of the controls during the follow-up. On the other hand, there was no difference in E-GSH between the patients and their controls before the onset of antirheumatic medication but the increase in E-GSH of RA patients during the trial was highly significant (p less than 0.001). Nevertheless, neither S-Se nor E-GSH correlated to changes in clinical or laboratory indicators of disease activity or to the development of new erosions in X-ray. It is concluded that changes in rheumatoid activity or disease progress occur independently of changes in S-Se or E-GSH.
2860942	Which component of sulphasalazine is active in rheumatoid arthritis?	1985 May 25	Sulphasalazine is known to be effective as a second line agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The two chemical constituents of sulphasalazine (sulphapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid) were assessed separately in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Over 24 weeks sulphapyridine showed a pronounced second line effect comparable with sulphasalazine and with a similar toxicity profile, whereas 5-aminosalicylic acid showed only a weak first line effect. Thus sulphapyridine appears to be the active moiety responsible for the second line effect of sulphasalazine in rheumatoid arthritis. The efficacy of the antibacterial component of sulphasalazine yet again permits speculation about the role of a bacterial pathogen in the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid disease.
7188433	The use of questionnaires in the evaluation of the functional capacity in rheumatoid arthr	1982 Dec	The functional capacity of 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was assessed by means of two systems of investigation. Three different questionnaires were used. One set of each was filled out by the patient himself; the other with the help of the occupational therapist. The results obtained were tested for their reliability. In addition they were also compared to the Ritchie-Index (method of simple measurement of disease activity) of thirty patients. The disability of each patient could be assessed with sufficient precision. A correlation to the Ritchie-Index was also registered.
8841	Simultaneous pharmacokinetics of benorylate in plasma and synovial fluid of patients with	1975	Twenty patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis and chronic knee effusions were each given an oral dose of 4 g benorylate as the 40% suspension. Synovial fluid and plasma samples were obtained up to 9 hours after drug administration and assayed for their salicylate and benorylate content. A mean peak benorylate plasma level of 2.18 +/- 0.19 mug/ml occurred 30 min after drug administration but declined rapidly and benorylate was virtually undetectable in the plasma 90 min later. The mean peak benorylate synovial fluid level of 0.74 +/- 0.21 mug/ml occurred 3 hours after drug administration but the concentration remained steady for at least a further 9 hours. A mean peak plasma salicylate level of 119 +/- 14.2 mug/ml and mean peak synovial fluid salicylate level of 78 +/- 13.6 mug/ml occurred 3 hours after benorylate administration. Both levels declined slowly over some hours. This study shows that benorylate per se readily enters the synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and continues to accumulate there even when undetectable in the plasma. It is possible that the lipophilic nature of the benorylate molecule facilitates its uptake by the inflamed synovial tissue.
3873940	Isolation and purification of a Clq-anti Clq precipitin ring enhancing protein from sera o	1985 May 16	We have isolated and purified to apparent homogeneity a serum protein which appears to be a biological marker for active rheumatoid arthritis. The protein has been found in the sera in all 44 active rheumatoid arthritis patients thus far studied and is absent from, or present in undetected amounts, in sera from normal subjects or from patients with other arthritides. The protein has a molecular weight of 135,000 daltons, an isoelectric pH of 5.1-5.3, and it enhances the size of the C1q-anti C1q ring.
531585	Multiple loose bodies in rheumatoid arthritis.	1979	Intra-articular loose bodies are usually secondary to osteochondral fractures, osteochondritis dissecans, synovial osteochondromatosis, and degenerative arthritis. The authors report four patients with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis and multiple loose bodies in a variety of joints. All patients have remained active despite their disease, suggesting that the loose body production was secondary to trauma of continued activity superimposed on joints containing pannus and eroded cartilage.
124071	[The stage of articular destruction in the rheumatoid hand].	1975 Jan	Function incapacitation of the hand in rheumatoid arthritis was studied on 33 patients (54 hands). 35 were operated on. All cases had reached the stage of articular destructions. The authors emphasize the importance of preserved proximal inter-phalangeal joint for digito-palmar pinch. Thumb unstability was not severely disabling as long as the other digits were normal. However, when it was associated with hyperextension deformities of the other fingers, the hand became useless. Surgical indications in rheumatoid hand were detailed. The importance of restoring thumb function was pointed out.
799975	Long-term controlled clinical trial of a new anti-inflammatory drug, diftalone, in rheumat	1976	A long-term (two years) double-blind, comparative trial of diftalone (Aladione) 500 mg versus indomethacin 75 mg per day, in rheumatoid arthritis (thirty-two patients), has shown a similar effectiveness for both anti-inflammatory agents on various clinical parameters of disease activity, some better results being obtained for diftalone as regards the capacity of reducing erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The tolerability of diftalone proved to be somewhat superior, as is shown by the lower number of patients complaining of side-effects or being dropped out for intolerance, and by the lower frequency of central nervous system disturbances.
6512791	Reducing property of some slow acting antirheumatic drugs.	1984 Oct	Many slow acting antirheumatic drugs and several other drugs without antirheumatic activity possess a potential thiol function, i.e., a free SH group or one that is generated by hydrolysis. Since drugs with effective SH activity may react with intracellular disulfides, we evaluated their reducing properties by measuring their redox potential and their ability to react with glutathione, the most prevalent intracellular thiol, and dithiobis (nitrobenzoic acid), a specific reactant for thiols. Drugs containing aromatic thiols are poor reducers and are generally devoid of antirheumatic activity. Antirheumatic drugs, such as D-penicillamine, levamisole, gold salts, thiopronine and captopril, are potential aliphatic thiols with strong reducing properties. These different antirheumatic drugs may therefore operate by a common mechanism through an altered cellular redox equilibrium and sulfide-disulfide exchanges.