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PMID	Title	PublicationDate	abstract
219813	Immunological experimental arthritis in pigs. IV. Reaction of the synovial membrane of the	1978	7 days after intramuscular administration of the attenuated virus of Aujeszky's disease, strain TK 300 L, it was found: in non-immunized animals--immunological arthritis with fibrinoid necrosis and abundant infiltrations from lymphoid cells; in animals of low antibodies titer--only few infiltrations from lymphoid and plasmic cells round the sub-synovial vessels; in animals of high antibodies titer--vast areas of fibrinoid necrosis, abundant infiltrations from lymphoid cells and presence of gigantic cells.
7432243	Sjogren's syndrome and the sicca syndrome: the role of prostaglandin E1 deficiency. Treatm	1980 Mar	Lack of adequate synthesis of prostaglandin (PG) E1 may be the key factor in Sjogren's syndrome. PGE1 is important for lacrimal and salivary gland secretion and for T lymphocyte function: a deficiency could therefore account for the main features of Sjogren's syndrome and the sicca syndrome. PGE1 could also account for many of the other features often associated with these syndromes. These include the Raynaud's phenomenon, the abnormalities of renal function and the precipitation of the syndrome by vitamin C deficiency. Vitamin C is important in PGE1 biosynthesis. PGE1 treatment has been shown to correct the immunological abnormalities in the NZB/W mouse, the animal model of Sjogren's syndrome. An attempt to treat humans with Sjogren's syndrome by raising endogenous PGE1 production by administration of essential fatty acid PGE1 precursors, of pyridoxine and of vitamin C was successful in raising the rates of tear and saliva production.
922113	Immunologic evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis and therapy with levamisole.	1977 Jul	The haemolytic complement activity and the complement components C3, C4 and C1q were significantly increased in the sera of 43 patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis. The increased complement activity was fairly well correlated with an increased sedimentation rate, increased IgG levels and rheumatoid factor positivity. The E-rosette formation of T-lymphocytes measured in 16 rheumatoid arthritis patients was significantly depressed. These 16 patients were treated with levamisole 50 mg t.i.d. Four patients discontinued treatment because of side-effects. The remaining 12 patients were re-examined clinically and immunologically after a mean treatment period of 3.9 (range : 2.5-8) months. A significant reduction in haemolytic complement activity, C3, IgG and sedimentation rate and a significant increase in E-rosette forming cells were observed, and these were accompanied by a significant clinical improvement. These findings are discussed in view of the new concept that the basic defect in rheumatoid arthritis could be a disturbance of the interaction of T-and B-cells and faulty suppressor T-cells. According to this hypothesis, levamisole restores cell-mediated immune reactivity, thereby affecting the natural course of rheumatoid arthritis.
7306236	DNA in synovial fluid and the circulation of patients with arthritis.	1981 Sep	DNA levels were measured in synovial fluids and sera of 106 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), gout, pseudogout, and posttraumatic arthritis (TRA). In synovial fluids, the highest concentration was found in rheumatoid arthritis (mean +/- SE 18 +/- 3 microgram/ml for seropositive and 9 +/- 1 microgram/ml for seronegative variants), gout and pseudogout (17 +/- 3 microgram/ml). In contrast, the levels in patients with OA or acute TRA were very low: 0.8 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml an 1.1 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml, respectively. The differences between the means of the first disease group and OA or TRA is statistically significant. A similar pattern was observed for DNA levels in the circulation: in rheumatoid arthritis, the mean concentration was 135 +/- 28 ng/ml and 164 +/- 39 ng/ml for seropositive and seronegative RA, respectively. Again the levels in OA and TRA were much lower, 52 +/- 18 ng/ml and 0 ng/Ml, respectively. The latter are not significantly different from the mean levels of 95 normal, healthy controls (14 +/- 3 ng/ml), whereas the concentration of DNA in the serum of RA patients is significantly higher than in OA, TRA, or normal controls. Serial determinations of DNA and other criteria of disease activity (leukocytes and protein levels in synovial fluid, blood sedimentation rate) in individual patients revealed a strong correlation of elevated values with active episodes. THe results suggest that these parameters reflect tissue damage.
850782	Neutrophil function in rheumatoid arthritis.	1977	In order to determine the endocytic ability and metabolic capacity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were compared with a series of control subjects. Two in vitro tests were performed in each patient: the phagocytic index (Brandt's technique) and the nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction test (Braehner & Nathan's technique). These two tests show a significant decrease in comparison with controls, the NBT reduction being modified only in stimulated leukocytes. This finding, in contrast to previously reported studies based on different techniques, underlines the existence of a functional modification of blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis.
1080704	[Clinical and prognostic significance of antinuclear factors during D-penicillamine treatm	1975 Oct 24	Antinuclear factors were demonstrated during D-penicillamine treatment in patients with rheumatiod arthritis (72) and scleroderma (7). While in 13 antinuclear factors were demonstrable already before treatment was started, they occurred in the course of treatment in another 34. D-penicillamine administration had to be discontinued in 18 because of severe side effects, with a marked correlation between their severity and the presence of antinuclear factors. Side effects requiring stoppage of the drug were especially common in patients who had antinuclear factors even before onset of treatment. The severest complication of D-penincillamine treatment, renal damage, was found only in patients with antinuclear factors, in this instance antibodies against denatured DNA. The following therapeutic consequences should be drawn from these findings: (1) D-penicillamine should, if possible, not be given to any patient with antinuclear factors; (2) in patients in whom antinuclear factors occur in the course of D-penicillamine treatment but its administration is to be continued, blood picture, renal functions and urine must be regularly tested.
3874609	Sialochemistry of patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease with and without histological	1985 Jun	Fifty-one patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases underwent biopsy of the labial minor salivary glands. These patients were divided according to histopathology of lip biopsies into three groups (negative lip biopsy, 1+ and 2+). From all the patients stimulated parotid salivary flow was measured. In the saliva sodium, potassium, magnesium, alpha-amylase, and immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, IgM) were measured. It is shown that patients with advanced chronic inflammatory disease of the minor salivary glands have decreased stimulated salivary flow. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the biochemical markers tested between the histopathological groups examined.
3902032	Extracellular matrix-cytoskeletal interactions in rheumatoid arthritis. I. Immunoelectron	1985 Oct	We studied cell surface interactions between the fibronectin (FN)-containing extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton of normal porcine synoviocytes in vitro, using electron microscopic methods. These type B synovial cells were distinguishable from dermal fibroblasts co-isolated from the same organism, because of their very long cellular processes and their ability to synthesize prostaglandin E2 after stimulation with interleukin-1. With plastic sections, we found end-to-end (tandem) and track-like (lateral) transmembrane associations of extracellular fibers and cortical 5-nm microfilaments localized along the attenuated synoviocyte processes in postconfluent cultures. Very similar FN-actin complexes, termed fibronexus (FNX), have been observed on cultured fibroblasts and on granulation tissue myofibroblasts in vivo. Using double-label immunoelectron microscopy with monospecific antibodies applied to ultrathin frozen sections of synoviocytes cut in situ, we proved that these FNX were indeed composed of associated FN and actin filaments. The striking finding of numerous FNX in cultured type B synoviocytes strongly suggests that the FNX is a major cell surface adhesion site in normal synovium, which may play an important role in pannus formation, connective tissue remodeling, and synoviocyte proliferation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
94968	[Case report of a patient with coexistent rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis]	1979	In simultaneous conditions of inflammatory changes in peripheral joints and in sacroiliac joints, a differential diagnosis, amongst others, of rheumatoid arthritis with involvement of the sacro-iliac joints and also ankylosing spondylitis with peripheral joint involvement should be considered. It seems that in rare cases both diseases occur together. We describe one female patient with coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. The X-rays showed sacro-iliitis, syndesmophytes and inflammatory changes of the finger and toes, which are typical for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid factor was detected in serum and in synovial fluid. HLA B27 was negative. The results of 13 patients with coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis reported in the literature since 1975, are compared with the above described patient.
488791	Re-alignment procedure for ulnar drift of the metacarpophalangeal joint in rheumatoid arth	1979 Jun	An operation for correcting ulnar deviation in rheumatoid arthritis, by employing local tendon transfers at an early stage in the developing deformity, is described. The pathology, clinical staging and results in 103 joints are presented.
417729	Comparison of the presence of immune complexes in Felty's syndrome and rheumatoid arthriti	1978 Apr	Evidence has been found to document the presence of circulating immune complexes in all patients with Felty's syndrome. The sera of all 12 patients studied showed intermediate complexes by analytical ultracentrifugation. The sera of 9 of 12 patients (75%) showed precipitin lines upon immunodiffusion against IgM rheumatoid factor. Both findings were statistically increased above those in a matched group of patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of circulating immune complexes in the sera of the Felty patients was consistent with the observation that large inclusions containing IgG, IgM, and complement were phagocytized by normal polymorphonuclear cells when incubated with sera of Felty patients. Normal polymorphonuclear cells phagocytosed inclusions from 77% of Felty sera, compared with 27% classic rheumatoid arthritis sera. It is suggested that the uptake of immune complexes by polymorphonuclear cells plays a role in the neutropenia of Felty's syndrome.
688724	The interaction between indomethacin and probenecid. A clinical and pharmacokinetic study.	1978 Sep	The interaction between indomethacin and probenecid has been studied in 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with the use of a specific gas-liquid chromatographic method for the assay of indomethacin in plasma and urine. Probenecid in a dose of 0.5 gm twice daily improved the therapeutic response to indomethacin administered in a dose of 25 mg 3 times daily for a 3-wk period. There was an increase in the mean AUC of indomethacin in plasma from 2,553 +/- 213 hr ng/ml to 4,181 +/- 384 hr ng/ml when probenecid was given, but there was no change in the plasma half-life of indomethacin. There was a reduction in the mean plasma clearance of indomethacin from 174 +/- 21 ml/kg/hr to 107 +/- 14 ml/kg/hr when probenecid was added to the indomethacin therapy and a decrease in the apparent volume of distribution from 0,927 +/- 0.16 L/kg to 0.613 +/- 0.13 L/kg. There was no change in the amount of free indomethacin excreted in the urine during probenecid therapy but there was a reduction in the urinary excretion of free plus glucuronide conjugate of indomethacin from 8,967 +/- 867 microgram/day to 4,760 +/- 674 microgram/day, with a fall in the mean renal clearance of indomethacin glucuronide from 271 +/- 48 ml/min to 126 +/- 57.0 ml/min. The changes in the plasma indomethacin concentration profile during probenecid therapy are due to a decrease in the nonrenal clearance of indomethacin possibly because of reduced biliary clearance.
7244584	Pemphigus in rheumatoid arthritis treated with penicillamine.	1981	The development of pemphigus foliaceus in three patients and pemphigus erythematosus in one patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with penicillamine is described.
7391151	Comparison of urinary excretion of UV-absorbing constituents in healthy subjects and patie	1980 Mar 14	Analytical isotachophoresis has been applied to the separation of urinary constituents in healthy controls and patients with rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. Various methods of comparing isotachograms have been investigated. Significant differences have been demonstrated between the pattern of UV-absorbing components in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy subjects.
419886	[The detection of rheumatic factors by means of a new hemagglutination drop test (Cellogno	1979 Jan	A comparative evaluation was made in 510 sera to study the specificity and sensitivity of 5 different methods for the determination of rheumatoid factors. Special attention was given to the hemagglutination drop tests which are commercially available (Cellognost-RF and Rheumaton). Both hemagglutination slide tests, which are easy to perform and easy to read, were shown to be practically equivalent, and in comparison to the other methods, also showed a good agreement. This is as well applicable to rheumatoid arthritis as to non-inflammatory processes and internal diseases. In practice, Cellognost-RF and analogous hemagglutination slide tests are certainly good screening tests for the rheumatic factors. In combination with the also simple latex-slidetest, the detection of rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid arthritis is somewhat better, although not much. When both reactions are negative, it is not necessary to do any additional tests for the demonstration of rheumatoid factors. Should one or both, however, be positive, the titre determination using the hemagglutination reaction of Waaler-Rose or latex fixation test should be made if possible. In our investigations it was also in principle possible to do these titre determinations with Cellognost-RF.
970988	Factors relating to circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthirits.	1976 Aug	Evidence has been presented suggesting that circulating immune complexes occur in over half of the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These IgG-containing complexes were small, eluting between IgG and IgM on gel filtration on Sepharose 6B and were not seen in the sera of healthy control subjects. These complexes were detected in the sera of both seronegative and seropositive patients and their quantity did not correlate with IgM rheumatoid factor titre. The quantity of complexed IgG was estimated from a ratio derived from the IgG profile obtained by gel filtration of the serum. This quantity correlated significantly with the degree of inhibition by the rheumatoid sera of cytolysis in vitro of IgG sensitized target cells by K cells from human peripheral blood. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the quantity of serum complexes and the chemotactic index of the circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes obtained from the same rheumatoid patient. It is suggested that ingestion of these complexes may be implicated in the reduction in chemotaxis observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There was no correlation between the quantity of the complexes in the sera and the clinica, haematological, and biochemical measurements.
976829	Surgery for rupture of extensor tendons in rheumatoid arthritis.	1976 Oct	Forty-two patients underwent fifty-four operations for rupture of extensor tendons in rheumatoid disease. The results are analysed and factors affecting the results discussed.
3913774	Historical perspective on the use of methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthriti	1985 Dec	Aminopterin, a folic acid analogue was first reported in 1948 to produce temporary remission of acute leukemia of children, was also reported in 1951 to produce an important and rapid improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis. By 1972, low dose pulse methotrexate was observed to be useful in RA, but it was not until 1980 that additional beneficial effects of methotrexate in the treatment of patients with refractory RA appeared in the literature. Subsequently, both uncontrolled experience and double blind prospective trials have demonstrated efficacy and acceptable tolerability and safety of methotrexate in the treatment of patients with RA. Guidelines for its use in patients with RA still need to be developed.
6991535	Pirprofen and aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind comparison study.	1980 Feb	A six-month, double-blind study was conducted to compare pirprofen (Rengasil), 800 mg per day, to aspirin, 3.6 Gm per day, in patients with active, definite, or classical rheumatoid arthritis. Data from 33 patients, 17 in the pirprofen group and 16 in the aspirin group, were analyzed for efficacy while data from 37 patients were analyzed for safety. In the pirprofen group, four of seven variables analyzed were significantly improved over baseline at the terminal visit; no statistically significant improvement was seen at the terminal visit in the aspirin group, although statistically significant improvement was achieved at a number of interim visits. Between-treatment comparisons indicated that pirprofen was statistically superior to aspirin with respect to the number of swollen joints at the terminal visit and average grip strength after six weeks of treatment. There were no serious signs of toxicity in either treatment group.
6887161	Spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen induced in vitro immunoglobulin and IgM rheumatoid factor	1983 Jun	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure IgG, IgM and IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM RF) production in supernatants of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls. Spontaneous and stimulated IgG and IgM production by RA and controls was comparable, but spontaneous production of IgM RF was only observed in RA and was related to their drug therapy. A significant difference was found between PWM induced IgM RF production in RA and controls and also between patients on "second-line" and on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). In addition, spontaneous IgM RF production by synovial fluid cells was significantly higher than the paired PBMNC.