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PMID	Title	PublicationDate	abstract
15612257	A latex test for canine rheumatoid factor.	1980 Feb	Canine rheumatoid factor (RF) has been reported in several canine diseases, particularly in arthritis. Although RF can be assayed using IgG sensitized erythrocytes, the test has a number of disadvantages. As an alternative, latex sensitized with canine IgG was investigated as an assay of canine RF. The canine IgG-latex could be easily produced, was stable, and could be standardized with commercial antisera. The reagent detected RF of the IgM anti-canine-aggregated-IgG type. A comparison of the titres obtained using the canine IgG-latex reagent with those obtained using a rabbit IgG-erythrocyte reagent showed no correlation, suggesting that the two assays may detect RF of different specificities.
3005561	Purine enzyme levels in rheumatoid arthritis.	1985 Dec	We studied purine metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), adenosine deaminase (ADA), 5'-nucleotidase (5'NU) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activities by measuring the circulating mononuclear cells of patients with RA and healthy controls. Patients had significantly lower levels of ADA and 5'NU but not of PNP than controls. The decreases could not be related to age, antiinflammatory therapy, decreased percentages of T cells or imbalance between major T cells subsets. Differences in cell maturation or traffic could account for our observation. Alternatively, abnormalities of purine metabolism are not definitely excluded in RA if the lower enzyme activity is not sufficient to perform the metabolic steps.
6520836	The lifetime economic costs of rheumatoid arthritis.	1984 Dec	The lifetime economic costs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were estimated in a cohort with initial onset of RA in 1977. These costs included medical care expenses as well as the costs associated with illness-related work loss, overall and by age/sex category. The present value of the lifetime economic costs of RA was estimated to be $20,412/case in 1977 dollars, which is nearly as great as that for stroke and coronary heart disease. The study also highlighted the need for improved data on disease incidence, treatment costs, and survival experience of RA patients.
3904646	Does food intolerance have any role in the aetiology and management of rheumatoid disease?	1985 Nov	Dietary therapy for rheumatoid disease has been used by patients for decades. Until recently, orthodox medical opinion has tended to ignore the subject, but interesting results from recent studies suggest that further investigation would now be appropriate. It is possible that food (which consists of many antigens regularly entering the body) could be responsible for altering immunological function. Be that as it may, it would seem logical, particularly in view of recent uncertainty about the efficacy and/or safety of various drugs used in the management of rheumatoid disease, to determine scientifically whether dietary manipulation has any value in the management of these rheumatoid patients.
7065725	Pulmonary necrobiotic nodules as a presenting feature of rheumatoid arthritis.	1982 Feb	In rheumatoid disease only 4 cases have been reported in which lung nodules preceded arthritis. Two further cases are presented in which intrapulmonary nodules were noted at the onset of the disease, thus provoking a diagnostic dilemma. In the first patient rheumatoid factor tests were initially negative, and diagnostic thoracotomy was performed. In the second patient serological tests were positive, and biopsy was avoided. It therefore seems that detection of circulating rheumatoid factor in patients with lung shadows can be a useful aid to diagnosis and management.
6592358	Psychological status in primary fibrositis and fibrositis associated with rheumatoid arthr	1984 Aug	Psychological status was investigated in 46 primary fibrositis (PF) patients, 32 with fibrositis occurring in association with rheumatoid arthritis (RAFIB) and in 76 control patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Groups were similar in tests of life stresses: Family Inventory of Life Events, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, and self-motivation. Only 28% of PF and 25% of RAFIB had Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles classified as "normal" compared with 51-60% of controls. Both PF and RAFIB had elevated "neurotic" scales (hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria), but only PF patients had statistically significant elevations in the pychopathic deviancy, psychasthenia and paranoia scales. When the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales were used, PF but not RAFIB patients demonstrated statistically significant elevations on the anxiety and depression scales.
7256441	Social and rehabilitational aspects of rheumatoid arthritis.	1981 Jul 18	A survey of 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients was conducted in order to gain insight into the problems that interfered with the patients' daily living patterns. Some of the more important problems investigated included stiffness, tiredness, functional hand problems, depression, inability to cope with daily activities and employment. Lack of understanding of the role of physiotherapy and occupational therapy has led to an underutilizaton of these services.
7234495	Relationship between radiologic and clinical findings in rheumatoid arthritis.	1980	A series of 188 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was followed up for 3 to 12 years. An association was found between radiologic progression and limitation of motion for all the joints. Remission of the inflammation occurred more often in the small joints. Early radiologic involvement was most frequent in the upper limb joints and metatarso-phalangeal joints. Clinically, no significant differences existed between upper and lower limbs in the early stages. The single metatarso-phalangeal, metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers were not more often involved, radiologically or clinically, than many other joints. Four different types of relationship between radiologic progression, on one hand, and articular swelling and tenderness, on the other, were observed.
1135611	Bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.	1975	Both male and female patients with rheumatoid arthritis show a significant bone loss in the femur, compared with the loss of bone seen in normal subjects with increasing age. A very similar pattern is seen in corticosteroid treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There is no evidence to suggest that the corticosteroid therapy has caused a greater loss of bone from the femur than would have occurred as a result of the rheumatoid arthritis alone. There was a statistically significant relation between the duration of the rheumatoid arthritis and femoral bone lo-s in women over the age of 45 years, whether or not they had been given steroid therapy in both male and female patients over 45 years of age, but again it appears unlikely that corticosteroid therapy had contributed significantly to the femoral bone loss. The Metacarpal and Femoral Indices of the patients were significantly related in both male and female groups.
6347308	Where are we now with radiographic assessment of rheumatoid arthritis?	1983 Aug	This paper endeavours to show that the major problems in evaluation research are logical rather than methodological, exemplifying the situation by consideration of the radiographic features of rheumatoid arthritis and their value as endpoint measures. The objectives of intervention are only rarely specified with sufficient precision to permit outcome to be assessed in a practical and yet valid manner. This gives rise to difficulty in establishing the nature and validity of the relationship between an attribute, such as erosions seen on radiographs, and the underlying state to be assessed. Relationships can be considered at two levels--the ability of the attribute to act as a surrogate in detection of the underlying state (i.e. at a particular point in time), and the the potential of the surrogate to reveal changes in the underlying state as its course unfolds. Despite a number of serious limitations, radiographic changes emerge as one of the most promising candidates to serve as an outcome measure in rheumatoid arthritis.
6719060	Predicting the outcome of rheumatoid arthritis. A Soviet-Finnish co-operative study.	1984	The prognostically important signs and symptoms in the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis were studied in 136 patients selected and treated in Moscow and in 139 patients in Heinola, Finland. The follow-up time was 3 years. The outcome was poor in patients with early signs of radiological destruction in the joints, with rheumatoid factor in serum, with early functional disability or deficient flexion of the fingers, with multiple affliction of the finger, metatarsophalangeal or wrist joints, with marked morning stiffness, and with CRP in the serum. The age of the patients did not influence the outcome in Moscow, whereas in Heinola the mean age was higher in patients with a poor outcome. Despite the marked differences in the therapeutic methods and the outcome for patients, the prognostically important signs and symptoms were very similar in both centres.
6644705	Acetylator phenotype and the effect of dapsone in rheumatoid arthritis.	1983 Oct	Acetylator phenotype was determined in 54 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) taking dapsone in the course of 2 comparative clinical studies. No significant differences were demonstrated in the assessments, either of efficacy or adverse effects. There appears to be no clinical advantage in assessing acetylator phenotype in patients with RA being treated with dapsone.
518724	The effect of thoracic duct drainage on lymphocyte dynamics and clinical symptoms in patie	1979 Dec	Thoracic duct drainage (TDD) was performed in 4 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical effects were apparent in all during drainage, but the term of TDD and the cumulative number of lymphocytes drained had no direct relation to the improvement of clinical symptoms. The number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood increased despite discharge of lymphocytes from the thoracic duct in the very early stage of drainage, suggesting that lymph drainage from thoracic duct accelerates migration of lymphocytes from lymphocyte pools to the blood stream. Biopsy specimens of synovial membranes obtained post-TDD showed marked decrease of mononuclear cell infiltration as compared to the specimens obtained preoperatively. These findings suggest that clinical effectiveness may be due not only to systemic immunosuppression induced by lymphocyte depletion but also to accelerated migration of inflammatory cells from the synovial tissues to the blood stream occurring with dynamic change of lymph flow during TDD.
4031601	Rheumatoid arthritis at the base of the thumb treated by trapezium resection or implant ar	1985 Jun	A clinical review is presented of patients with disabling rheumatoid arthritis at the base of the thumb treated by resection of the trapezium or by implant arthroplasty. Both methods resulted in good relief of pain, and the patients experienced better hand function. There were no great differences in results between the two methods.
1018036	Excision of the head of the radius in rheumatoid arthritis.	1976 Nov	The results of excision of the head of the radius in forty-four elbows affected by rheumatoid arthritis are presented. Relief of pain was obtained in 90 per cent and an increase in the range of flexion and extension was seen in 70 per cent. Involvement of the humero-ulnar joint seen radiologically is no contra-indication to the operation; simple excision of the radial head often gives gratifying results; In our experience the relief of pain and increased range of movement have greatly reduced the need for total replacement arthroplasty.
6523080	Atlanto-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. A study of 104 hospital patients.	1984	Arthritic affection of the upper cervical spine is relatively common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Atlanto-axial subluxations are also reported to occur frequently, but it seems that neurological symptoms due to the subluxations seldom occur. We have studied 104 consecutive in-patients. In a group of 50 non-arthritics we have measured the distance from dens to the anterior arch of the atlas, and from dens to the foramen magnum line. By means of percentile-estimate we have defined values at risk for having pathological values for the measured distances. In 104 rheumatoid arthritis patients we found that 45% of the patients had values at risk, but only one of the patients had medullary neurological signs. A planned follow-up study will show if oncoming neurological symptoms due to subluxations will occur in the risk-group or in the group now defined as having normal values.
7013057	Physical training in rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled long-term study. I.	1981	Twenty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been given physical training for 4 to 8 years. To compare, we have had a control group of equal size and with the same disease severity. The training program consisted of home-training and for most of the patients also group-training led by a physiotherapist. During the observation period we have found a significantly less pronounced progress of X-ray changes in the joints of the active patients compared with control patients. Physiological tests and clinical parameters, including sick-pension and sick-leave, show unanimously a better disease outcome in the active group of patients. There is probably a risk of overuse or disuse of the joints in RA but we believe that it is better to be overactive rather than the reverse. As in many other diseases, the general prescription of rest in RA is not adequate.
6895570	The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with OM-8930, a bacterial immunostimulating agent.	1981 Sep	OM 8930, a bacterial product with immunostimulatory capacities, was studied for its efficacy in the long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ten (10) patients with active seropositive rheumatoid arthritis were treated intermittently for six months with the agent and were evaluated according to clinical, laboratory and immunological parameters. OM-8930 has been demonstrated to be an effective drug in reducing arthritic activity in rheumatoid arthritis. It is slow acting without any anti-inflammatory capacities and resembles other slow acting agents like Levamisol, Penicillamin, etc. OM-8930 provoked a long lasting immunological stimulation allowing a normalization of lymphocytes counts, increasing the number of active T-cells and enhancing lymphocyte mitogenic response. No adverse clinical-laboratory reactions were recorded throughout the study, which indicates that the agent is suitable for long-term use in humans.
808779	The diagnosis and management of rheumatoid synovitis.	1975 Jul	After establishing the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis one should determine the extent to which synovitic or structural lesions are responsible for the symptoms. Because structural lesions lack the potential for recovery, a plan should be laid out for their management, by either surgical correction or acceptance of the disability. In regard to the synovitis, one should determine whether it is likely to undergo a spontaneous remission. If a remission seems likely, the physician can manage the disease with a suppressive agent, usually salicylates. If a spontaneous remission seems unlikely and the patient's function is deteriorating, a clinical trial of either gold, hydroxychloroquin, or penicillamine is in order (in conjunction with a suppressive agent). If the first drug fails, one of the others should be tried next. There is no rationale for repeating a trial of one of these drugs if it has previously failed. If all three agents fail to produce a remission, the suppressive agent should be continued, and the physican serves as the patient's "friend" and frequently will be called upon to advise the patient about the need for reconstructive surgery.
6660238	Social, economic, psychologic, and sexual outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis.	1983 Dec 30	Rheumatoid arthritis takes an economic toll in a variety of ways--the actual costs of treatment for the individual patient and society are only a fraction thereof. Other costs derive from the legal definition of disability, from a lack of employment opportunities, from premature retirement from work, and from the social and familial consequences of these events. Depression is a major feature of chronic disease and colors both behavior by the patient and the doctor-patient relationship. Self-image suffers in this potentially deforming disease, with consequences in sexual and social behavior. Ignorance and a confusion between disability and handicap lead to more disablement than do the physical changes of rheumatoid arthritis.