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PMID	Title	PublicationDate	abstract
2418204	Antibodies to ribonucleic acids detected by ELISA in systemic lupus erythematosus, systemi	1985 Oct	The natural and synthetic antiribonucleic acid antibodies (anti-RNA) are more frequently found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (80%) than in systemic sclerosis (66%) or in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (54.5%). SLE sera contain antibodies directed against a broader variety of RNA than systemic sclerosis sera and most RA sera. Fifty-two percent of SLE and 29.2% of systemic sclerosis sera recognized at least 5 of the 7 RNA types studied, whereas RA sera recognized only one or 2. Synthetic antipolynucleotide antibody activities are mainly antipolyriboguanylic-ribocytidylic acid (prG-rC), antipolyriboadenylic-ribouridylic acid (prA-rU) and polyriboadenylic acid (prA) antibody in SLE, antipolyriboguanylic acid (prG) and antipolyribocytidylic acid (prC) antibody in systemic sclerosis and anti-prG-rC, anti-prC antibody in RA.
6752871	[Comparative double blind trial of pirprofen, indomethacin, and placebo in the treatment o	1982 Aug 28	One hundred and thirty-four out-patients suffering from active rheumatoid arthritis were treated for 2 weeks by 1200 mg of Pirprofen (400 mg t.i.d.) 150 mg of Indomethacin (50 mg t.i.d.) or a placebo. On all criteria, the anti-inflammatories were more effective than the placebo (p less than 0.05). The overall therapeutic efficacy was satisfactory in 87% of patients on Pirprofen, 77% on Indomethacin and 26% on placebo.
6125395	Binding of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs to human serum albumin, to alpha 1-acid glycop	1982	The binding of 8 beta-adrenergic blocking drugs to human serum albumin, to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and to serum from normal volunteers and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis was studied. Protein binding was determined in vitro using equilibrium dialysis of labelled drug at 25 degrees C. Oxprenolol and propranolol were highly bound to serum, alprenolol, pindolol and timolol to a lesser degree, and atenolol, metoprolol and sotalol were negligibly bound. For the five compounds which were appreciably bound, the mean binding was significantly higher in serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in serum from normal volunteers. For those drugs, binding to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was higher than to human serum albumin, and binding to a mixture of both proteins approached that to serum from healthy volunteers. For each of these drugs there was a strong correlation between the serum alpha 1-glycoprotein concentration and the percentage binding.
170664	[Use of new osteotropic isotopes in osteoarticular diseases, with special reference to phl	1975 Jul	By using an osteotropic complex (99mTc pyrophosphate) scintigraphic and scintiphotographic images were obtained with a view to studying the bone changes in inflammatory arthropathies. In rheumatoid arthritis there is an increase in radioactivity next to affected joints and this phenomenon which seems to contrast with the osteoporosis of the juxta-articular regions is confirmed, since the reduced density that is observed in the radiograms is a result of the lack of equilibrium between bone formation and bone resorption, but only if these two processes are proceeding actively. The "warm" zones, which are very close to the joints, are just as easy to see in relation to inflamed joints as they are in relation to joints in which the inflammation has ceased. Not all the inflamed joints accumulate the radioactive osteotropic complex. The bone changes can occur in cases of chronic inflammatory arthropathies only if the inflammation has been present for at least several months. The images obtained with the polyphosphate correspond to those that can be obtained with other calcium-mimetic and osteotropic isotopes (Sr etc.).
776539	Evaluation of tolmetin in the treatment of arthritis: open and controlled double-blind stu	1976	In a 6-week open study in 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, tolmetin was shown to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity at daily doses in excess of 1200 mg per day and produced statistically significant reductions in overall joint pain, walking time and articular index. The drug was well tolerated, but 2 patients were withdrawn because of persistent indigestion and 1 because of an urticarial type rash. In a double-blind crossover comparison against indomethacin and placebo in 22 patients, 1400 mg tolmetin daily showed efficacy comparable with that of 150 mg indomethacin daily. Few side-effects were reported and did not necessitate any patients being withdrawn.
331504	Clinical trial of tolmetin and aspirin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	1977 Jul 23	A double-blind crossover, within-patient trial was conducted, to compare the efficacy of tolmetin (Tolectin; Ethnor) with that of aspirin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Tolmetin significantly improved morning stiffness (P less than 0.01), while aspirin was superior in reducing the number of painful joints (P less than 0.001) and the articular index (P less than 0.01). Tolmetin, in marked contrast to aspirin, was well tolerated, producing virtually no side-effects. An elevation of the alkaline phosphatase was noted in 4 patients on tolmetin therapy. When used after aspirin, tolmetin had a significantly adverse effect on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P less than 0.05). The results of this study indicate that tolmetin is a useful addition to the therapeutic agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, because of its ability to reduce morning stiffness and its lack of side-effects.
6342956	Clinical therapeutic trial of sodium meclofenamate and naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis, w	1983	Forty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were entered into a single-blind study of 12-weeks' duration to compare the efficacy and tolerance of 100 mg sodium meclofenamate 3-times daily and 250 mg naproxen twice daily. Disease activity was defined by the presence of a Ritchie Articular Index score of greater than 15. Patients were assessed at 4-week intervals. Analysis of variance of the data from those patients who completed 12 weeks in the trial showed that in the sodium meclofenamate group there was a significant improvement in articular index, left grip strength, pain severity and patients' global assessment over the course of the study. In the naproxen group, there was a significant improvement in articular index, grip strength and pain severity over the study. Pairwise comparisons showed that morning stiffness improved significantly from baseline to 12 weeks only, in both treatment groups. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups for any of the measurements at any time period during the study. In the sodium meclofenamate group, there were 4 drop-outs due to inadequate efficacy and 6 in the naproxen group. Four patients in the sodium meclofenamate group and 2 patients in the naproxen group dropped out of the study because of side-effects, primarily nausea. These results suggest that sodium meclofenamate was equally well tolerated and as effective as naproxen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in this group of patients.
139678	The activities of plasma-membrane marker enzymes in rheumatoid synovial tissues and fluids	1977	The activities of 5'-nucleotidase, K+, Na+-activated Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and leucine-beta-naphthylamidase were determined from 17 rheumatoid synovial fluids and from extracts of the corresponding synovial tissues. There was little correlation between the enzyme activities in the synovial fluids and those in the respective synovial-tissue extracts. In seropositive cases of rheumatoid arthritis the activities of 5'-nucleotidase and leucine-beta-naphthylamidase in the synovial-tissue extract were higher than in seronegative cases. Also, the ratios of the enzyme activities in the synovial fluids to the resepctive activities in synovial tissue were lower in the seropositive cases. The activity of 5'-nucleotidase in the synovial tissue decreased during gold treatment.
629607	Serum copper and related variables in rheumatoid arthritis.	1978 Feb	Serum copper, caeruloplasmin, iron, iron-binding capacity, and antioxidant activity were measured in 120 normal subjects and in 189 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Both serum copper and serum caeruloplasmin were significantly raised in rheumatoid disease in both sexes. A significant inverse relation was found between serum iron and serum copper, and a strong direct correlation between serum antioxidant activity and caeruloplasmin.
7337979	Molecular analysis of complement-fixing rheumatoid synovial fluid immune complexes.	1981 Dec	The characteristics of the solid-phase conglutinin method for the isolation of C3-containing complexes from the synovial effusions of rheumatoid arthritis patients were assessed. All major proteins in such complexes were identified and shown to be either immunoglobulin or complement components. The high proportion of IgM and the association between complexed IgM and latex agglutination titre suggest that IgM rheumatoid factor, probably binding to self-associated IgG antiglobulins, is of major importance in the formation of complement-fixing complexes. A minority of samples contained unidentified trace components and these differed from one fluid to another. The levels of complexed immunoglobulins were closely correlated to the titres of synovial fluid antiglobulins. The data accords with the view that autosensitization to IgG plays the primary role in the development of immunopathological features of rheumatoid arthritis.
6454336	Suppressor cell activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.	1980	Twenty-one patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated for their suppressor cell activity by a Concanavalin A suppressor cell assay. Two patients had active disease, 9 moderately active disease, and 10 inactive disease according to clinical and laboratory parameters. A mean of 41 +/- 7% suppression was observed in RA patients as compared to 63 +/- 7% suppression observed in 10 healthy age and sex matched controls. No significant difference was observed between patients with moderately active or active disease (39 +/- 9%) and patients with inactive RA (43 +/- 10%). However, a borderline statistical significance (p = 0.05) was seen between controls and patients with moderately active or active RA. Use of autologous serum instead of AB serum for suppressor cell induction had no significant effect, although an increase of the mean suppression was noted (58 +/- 6%) in patient's group. No correlations existed between suppressor cell activity and presence of circulating Clq-binding immune complexes (solid-phase Clq assay), rheumatoid factor (Waaler-Rose test) or antinuclear antibodies (indirect immunofluorescence). This study indicates that lymphocytes of patients with inactive RA exert normal suppressor cell activity. It may well be that patients with active rheumatoid arthritis have decreased suppressor cell function. This will be assessed in a larger group of patients with active disease.
2409171	The contribution of neurogenic inflammation in experimental arthritis.	1985 Aug	The release of the peptide neurotransmitter substance P from the peripheral terminals of nociceptive afferent neurons and the release of catecholamines from postganglionic sympathetic efferent neurons produce physiologic changes associated with acute inflammation. The contribution of these neurogenic mechanisms to inflammatory diseases has not been determined. Activation of central neural circuits elicits similar physiologic changes, and lesions of the peripheral and central nervous system are associated with alteration in activity of inflammatory diseases. We have evaluated the contribution of neurogenic inflammation to the severity of joint injury in experimentally induced arthritis in the rat. The finding of a greater density of substance P-containing nociceptive afferents in a joint that develops more severe arthritis (ankle) suggests a role of substance P in joint injury. Direct evidence that the proinflammatory factor released from these nociceptors is substance P is provided by the finding that the injection of substance P into a joint which normally develops less severe arthritis (knee) increases the severity of arthritis in that joint. A contribution of catecholamines to the severity of joint injury was suggested by the finding that both guanethidine-induced sympathectomy and reserpine-induced depletion of catecholamines attenuated the severity of joint injury. Finally, a contribution of central neural circuits to inflammatory processes was studied in a model in which activation of nociceptive afferents elicited swelling and tenderness at a remote site. This reflex neurogenic inflammation was inhibited by intracerebroventricular injections of morphine, which also attenuated the severity of arthritis. These studies provide evidence that elements of the peripheral afferent and sympathetic efferent neurons and of descending supraspinal, opioid-mediated, circuits in the central nervous system modulate the severity of joint injury in experimental arthritis in the rat.
1202648	Thermography.	1975 Dec	As thermographic equipment is improved and as physicians gain experience in its use, thermography gradually is gaining importance as a diagnostic aid in a wide range of disease processes. The technic is finding increasing acceptance in diagnosis of breast disease particularly as an adjunct to mammography. The American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute are in the process of establishing 20 demonstration centers for breast cancer detection using thermography, mammography, and physical examinations. Although all of the centers are not at present fully staffed with personnel experienced in thermographic interpretation, the project promises to give a better basis for cost estimates for screening with the thermography as compared to present systems. The technologic knowledge exists for the development of improved scanning infrared cameras with magnetic tape storage and dynamic display. These systems will lend themselves to quantitative measurements and semiautomatic interpretation which can improve the accuracy and reduce the cost of mass screening for breast cancer. Although additional clinical research is necessary, thermography has numerous applications in a variety of disease states. In the future, total body thermography may well become an important part of medical screening examinations.
2416074	[Various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of circulating immune complexes in r	1985	Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus associated with and without the clinical signs of the involvement of blood vessels were examined for the concentration of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and for the content of rheumatoid factor (RF), DNA and RNA as well as for the concentration of DNA, RNA and activity of acid nucleases in blood plasma. It was established that rheumatic vasculitis is coupled with a high concentration of CIC. In rheumatoid vasculitis, CIC contain a lot of rheumatoid factors which become far more activated after acidic dissociation of CIC. In patients with lupus vasculitis, CIC contain extremely much DNA. This is accompanied by dissociated interaction of DNA-DNase in blood plasma - activation of the enzyme is followed by the increased concentration of the substrate.
622939	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in arthritis.	1978 Feb	Aspirin remains the agent of first choice, but ibuprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen and tolmetin are useful drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Ibuprofen and fenoprofen are also approved for use in osteoarthritis. Each shares anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties with aspirin, phenylbutazone and indomethacin. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents have fewer minor side effects than aspirin and fewer major side effects than indomethacin or phenylbutazone. The patient must understand that drugs are but one part of a comprehensive management program.
981995	Late synovectomy of the hand in rheumatoid arthritis.	1976	PIP joints, MCP joints and wrists of 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were operated on with late synovectomy. The rate of recurrence of local synovitis was about 5%, which contrasted favourably with a considerably higher rate of progression of bony erosions. The loss of range of movement was small to moderate. Pain was alleviated in most cases. The possibility of forecasting the results by preoperative parameters was limited. It was concluded that the main indication for late synovectomy of the hand was alleviation of pain. The prophylactic effect on joint destruction seemed to be both slight and unpredictable.
309329	Laboratory diagnosis of rheumatic diseases.	1978 Aug	Laboratory investigations have been perhaps the most important factor in the development of our understanding and classification of rheumatic diseases. Provided they are used and interpreted appropriately, they can assist considerably in the diagnosis and management of these diseases. They are an important adjunct to clinical findings, but not a substitute for them.
114776	[Treatment of primary chronic polyarthritis with ranoroc (author's transl)].	1979 Aug 31	In the framework of a clinical study the butazone derivative Ranoroc was tested for efficacy and tolerance in 50 patients with primary chronic polyarthritis. The success rates both in previously treated and untreated patients were approximately equal, i. e. 92%. In the previously treated group, a superior effect of Ranoroc as compared with the earlier treatment was stated by the patients in 57% and by the physician in about 36% of the cases. The tolerance was very good. Nausea and heartburn occurred in 3 cases only and were controlled by reducing the dosage. Discontinuation of the trial was required in two cases on account of skin allergies. The continuously monitored laboratory parameters gave no evidence whatsoever of a negative influence, so that even a longterm treatment with Ranoroc seems possible.
6159620	[Pleural effusion in rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.). Biochemical study of the pleural fluid (	1980 May	The diagnosis of pleural effusion in R.A. is largely done by exclusion. Histopathological data, obtained by pleural punch-biopsy, are unreliable. It is generally a serofibrinous pleural effusion. Biochemical study of the pleural fluid shows a high protein level (> 40 g/l), high latex factor (larger than or equal to 1/2560) and, predominantly, low sugar rate in pleural fluid (< 0,35 g/l) and low complement level (whole hemolytic complement C3 and C4).
29290	Observations on vascular neuropathies.	1977	A series of autopsy studies is presented of 13 cases of obliterative vascular disease of the vasa nervorum in a wide range of conditions, including polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, polymyositis and rheumatoid arthritis. In most cases, including 1 of rheumatoid neuropathy, the lesions were of the necrotising type. This supports the concept of polyarteritis nodosa as a pattern of reaction common to several diseases rather than that of a specific nosological entity. The remaining 4 cases of rheumatoid neuropathy, were associated with a bland endarteritis known as Bywater's arteritis. A comparison of these autopsy findings with clinical data and observations on sural nerve biopsies leads to the conclusion that all severe and most of the mild cases of rheumatoid neuropathy are due to occlusive vascular disease. Segmental demyelination independent of vascular lesions may be responsible for some of the mild cases and is frequently found in patients without clinical neurological manifestations.