Search for: rheumatoid arthritis methotrexate autoimmune disease biomarker gene expression GWAS HLA genes non-HLA genes
| ID | PMID | Title | PublicationDate | abstract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 84370 | Lip biopsy in connective tissue diseases. A review and study of seventy cases. | 1979 Mar | The labial salivary glands from seventy patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (twenty cases), systemic progressive sclerosis (twenty-two cases), rheumatoid arthritis (twenty-three cases), and Sjögren's syndrome (five cases) and from fifty subjects without connective tissue diseases were studied by means of light and fluorescence microscopy. The availability of the lip biopsy as a diagnostic tool is stressed, but a differential diagnosis between the different connective tissue diseases was not achieved. Yet some of the latter disclosed peculiar lesions. The role of the inflammatory and degenerative components, as well as the pathogenesis of the lesions, is discussed. | |
| 838229 | Salicylate hepatitis. | 1977 Apr | Two patients developed acute hepatic injury as a result of salicylate therapy. In each patient serum salicylate levels were below 25 mg per 100 ml during the development of hepatic dysfunction. Liver biopsies, obtained a few days after the peak abnormalities in serum transaminases, revealed nonspecific acute hepatitis. Normal liver tissue was found before the beginning of salicylate treatment in 1 patient, who had systemic lupus erythematosus and drug rechallenge was not attempted. In the other patient, who had rheumatoid arthritis, rechallenge with salicylate evoked hepatic dysfunction and recurrent symptoms. Salicylate-induced liver injury should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatic disease occurring in patients receiving high dose salicylate therapy, regardless of serum salicylate levels. | |
| 1080659 | A rehabilitation evaluation system which complements the problem-oriented medical record. | 1975 Sep | The traditional medical history and physical examination format is disease rather than disability oriented. It has been shown to be incomplete for the total evaluation of rehabilitation patients. Direct applications of Weed's Problem-Oriented Medical Record have proven to be formidable and cumbersome due to the complexity and diversity of rehabilitation. Therefore, we have developed the Rehabilitation Evaluation System (RES) to document functional rehabilitation management and progress during inpatient hospitalization and outpatient follow-up. The system identifies 18 key rehabilitation areas, each with an individual and objective four-point scale. Utilization of this system in our department has been invaluable in formulating goals and continually evaluating the on-going rehabilitation process. We used the RES with equal facility on 46 rehabilitation inpatients including stroke, amputation, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, orthopedic-trauma, rheumatoid arthritis and poliomyelitis. The mechanics of the RES are presented in detail with a specific patient-example of hemiplegia. Its complimentary use with the Problem-Oriented Medical Record is discussed. Practical advantages are seen in patient care, medical student and resident education, record keeping and research. | |
| 1234496 | Studies of the action of some anti-inflammatory drugs on complement mediated immune haemol | 1975 Apr | 1 The effects of various anti-inflammatory and non-anti-inflammatory drugs on complement mediated haemolysis have been studied. Drugs which were significantly protein bound were found to inhibit this form of immune lysis, but only at greater concentrations than achieved therapeutically. 2 Removal of the drugs by prolonged dialysis resulted in restoration of complement activity with the exceptions of phenylbutazone and warfarin sodium. 3 Reconstitution experiments indicated that C2 and some of the later components especially C7 were affected by the drugs. 4 Intra-articular injections of prednisolone (100 mg) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, failed to produce significant changes in the synovial fluid complement system. 5 None of the drugs affected the binding of antibody to antigen, or the ability of sensitized sheep cells to fix complement. | |
| 4338448 | Multiple sclerosis associated with defects in neuromuscular transmission. | 1972 Jun | Three patients with multiple sclerosis characterized by exacerbations and remissions of nervous system signs and symptoms disseminated in time and space also had the kind of easy fatiguability seen in myasthenia gravis. In each case abnormal decrements to repetitive stimulation were electromyographically demonstrated and treatment with ephedrine or anticholinesterase drugs increased the patient's functional capacity while improving the electromyographic abnormality. The suggestion is that these patients represent an overlap syndrome, analogous to the overlap syndrome existing between systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis where clinical and laboratory features of two diseases coexist in the same patient at the same time. Presumably some patients with multiple sclerosis have deficient production of acetylcholine, just like patients with myasthenia, and treatment with agents useful in myasthenia is able partially to correct the symptoms caused by the deficiency. The cases illustrate how in neurology greater attention to the more immediate cause of clinical symptoms, in the absence of a known aetiology, may result in benefit to the patients. | |
| 3871364 | Modulation of connective tissue metabolism by partially purified human interleukin 1. | 1985 Jan | We have investigated the relationship between the monokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) and the connective tissue-stimulating activities produced by monocytes such as mononuclear cell factor (MCF). Using almost exclusively human tissue we have monitored a wide range of MCF-like activities through the partial purification of IL-1 by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. Activities measured include stimulation of chondrocytes to produce prostaglandins, plasminogen activator and proteoglycanase, enhancement of synovial cell proliferation, and stimulation of cartilage resorption, in addition to IL-1 (lymphocyte activating factor) activity. The activities described show the same molecular heterogeneity; the active material has similar potencies in the different systems, and removal of IL-1 activity by pretreatment with phenylglyoxal also results in loss of the connective tissue-stimulating activities. These results show that the factors responsible for this wide range of activities are very closely related to IL-1 and give further evidence in support of the possible involvement of IL-1 in the processes of joint destruction occurring in chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. | |
| 6319791 | Significance of lymphocyte fluorescence polarization changes after phytohemagglutinin stim | 1984 Feb | The double-zone fluorescein fluorescence polarization (FFP) "cancer" test was used to study 540 blood lymphocyte samples from 341 donors, of whom 158 had confirmed cancer: The other donors were noncancer patients, pregnant women, and normal individuals. The FFP response in cancer patients was the reverse of that in normal individuals, but an abnormal response was also obtained in some noncancer conditions, including the chronic inflammatory disorders--rheumatoid arthritis, cholecystitis, and diverticulitis--and in early pregnancy or pregnancy-induced hypertension. Thus the cancer discriminatory value of the test is limited. Examination of its biologic basis suggests that the positive FFP response in cancer and other conditions is due to altered immune status of blood lymphocytes, with associated change in cytoplasmic fluidity affecting the polarization of fluorescence. Incubation of normal blood lymphocytes with cyclic GMP induced an abnormal, cancer-like FFP response. | |
| 6324512 | Effect of anti-rheumatic drugs on the release of lysosomal enzymes from human leukocytes. | 1984 Jan | The release of lysosomal enzymes from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the extracellular medium was selectively induced by the phagocytosis of zymosan particles. The "in vitro" effect on the release of lysosomal enzymes was determined for eight different substances used in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Prednisolone and the three non-steroidal anti-rheumatic agents indomethacin, diclofenac and benoxaprofen only inhibited the release of various lysosomal enzymes at the elevated concentrations of 20-200 micrograms/ml. Of the four drugs examined which are used in basis therapy, Chloroquine and Levamisole exhibited the most clear-cut inhibition of the enzymes (at 20-200 micrograms/ml). The effect of gold salts was uncertain and D-penicillamine only inhibited the release of myeloperoxidase. The release of lysosomal enzymes from neutrophils is then largely resistant to anti-rheumatic agents--at least in the range of therapeutic concentrations. On the basis of these experimental results it seems questionable whether the relatively weak inhibition of lysosomal enzymes observed "in vitro" can contribute to the anti-rheumatic efficacy in patients of the drugs examined. | |
| 6364587 | [Urinary enzyme excretion in diseases of the internal organs]. | 1983 Nov 1 | In a survey the present possibilities are outlined to get knowledge about diseases of inner organs with the help of enzyme determinations in the urine. Here it is remarkable that changes of the enzyme excretion appear not only in renal disease with acute renal failure, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, renal infarction and nephroptosis but are also to be observed in primarily extrarenal diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, thesaurismoses, myocardial infarction, hypertension, acute pancreatitis, epidemic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice and rheumatoid arthritis. The causes of the changes of enzyme excretions are various. Since enzymes of different origin and localisation behave themselves variably, the simultaneous determination of a brush border marker (e.g. alanine aminopeptidase), a lysosomal enzyme (e.g. beta-glucuronidase or N-acetyl glucosaminidase) and a low molecular enzyme (e.g. lysozyme) is of use for the recognition of renal alterations. By the control of activities of urinary enzymes it is possible to get without risk informations about pathobiochemical processes in the kidney which are not to be gained by means of other methods. | |
| 6294813 | Action of collagenase and elastase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes on human articu | 1982 | Collagenase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophil collagenase) attacks collagen type II in solution at a rate intermediate to those of type I and III collagens. This enzyme alone is not able to initiate degradation of native human articular cartilage. If the cartilage is first treated with leukocyte elastase, collagenase slowly degrades collagen. Confirming earlier findings by other investigators, elastase has a dual action on cartilage: The enzyme removes proteoglycans, thus demasking collagen fibers and giving collagenase access to them, and solubilizes collagen at a sizable rate. Although neutrophil collagenase cleaves collagen type II in solution at a high rate, the native, cross-linked status of collagen in cartilage makes it a relatively poor substrate for this enzyme. On a weight by weight scale, elastase and collagenase display about the same collagenolytic potential on human articular cartilage. The elastase/collagenase system from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes could represent a cooperative proteolytic complex in the destruction of cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis. | |
| 313356 | Active and suppressor T cells: diminution in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita and in | 1979 | Active, total and nonspecific suppressor T cells were studied in a 15-year-old black male with dyskeratosis congenita syndrome, a precancerous mucosal disease, and in 7 siblings and several other relatives in three generations. The propositus and 1 elder sister, products of a second-cousin marriage, died with dyskeratosis congenita. The mother had dermatomyositis, and the maternal grandmother and her sister reportedly had rheumatoid arthritis. Studies of available siblings, father, and grandparents revealed a high incidence of deficiency in number of active and/or suppressor T cells, sometimes severe enough to result in a decrease in total T cells. The patient had many stigmata of precocious aging, as did the sibling who died with the same syndrome. The laboratory data suggest that a defect in cell-mediated immunity, involving mainly or exclusively suppressor T cells, is associated with, and is presumably the cause of, precocious aging; perhaps an abiotrophy in this cell subpopulation results in physiologic aging. | |
| 646532 | Roentgenologic, immunologic, and therapeutic study of erosive (inflammatory) osteoarthriti | 1978 May | The terms erosive or inflammatory osteoarthritis refer to an inflammatory condition of the interphalangeal joints of the hand. In this report, observations of 15 patients with erosive osteoarthritis are described. The principal clinical features are symmetrical synovitis of the interphalangeal joints of the hand, the knees, and the first carpometacarpal, interphalangeal, and metacarpophalangeal joints. The principal roentgenographic features are productive and destructive osseous changes. These changes, found particularly at the interphalangeal joints of the hand, consist of both central and peripheral articular erosions and cysts associated with adjacent osteophyte formation. Serologic abnormalities commonly found in rheumatoid arthritis are rarely encountered. In two thirds of the patients, the synovial fluid is noninflammatory; in the remainder, it is mildly to severely inflammatory. The injection of intra-articular corticosteroids predictably results in decreased synovitis but does not seem to affect the subsequent development of erosions. | |
| 307013 | The hand in mixed connective tissue disease. | 1978 May | The mixed connective tissue disease syndrome has been described in the medical literature. The clinical and serological characteristics of the syndrome are defined in this paper. The hands of these patients differ from the hands of patients with systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic sclerosis. In 10 patients there were no erosive changes on radiological examination and all 10 patients had Raynaud's phenomenon. The most striking finding was tightness in the flexors. Mild cases of flexor tightness improved with systemic steroids. One patient with severe flexor tightness required surgical release of adhesions from a chronic inflammatory process of fascia, muscle, and tenosynovium. Biochemical studies showed an abnormal collagen pattern that may be distinct for mixed connective tissue disease. | |
| 24823450 | Cementless total shoulder arthroplasty: preliminary experience with thirteen cases. | 1983 Apr 1 | From February 1978 to March 1981, 13 English-McNab cementless, semiconstrained, implant shoulder arthroplasties were performed in 12 people. The ages of the patients at the time of surgery ranged from 53 to 73 years with an average of 62 years. The preoperative diagnoses were rheumatoid arthritis, primary osteoarthrosis, posttraumatic osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, and failed hemiarthroplasty. Followup ranged from 27 to 62 months with an average of 44.3 months. Criteria for total shoulder replacement were intractable pain commensurate with destruction of the glenohumeral joint on x-ray. The UCLA shoulder rating system was used for evaluation of pain, function, muscle power, and motion.Preoperative UCLA mean scores were 1.7 for pain, 1.8 for function, 4.0 for muscle power and motion. At followup, mean scores were 6.6, 5.6, and 4.8 respectively. Significant complications occurred.Our conclusions are that uncemented total shoulder arthroplasty with an unconstrained prosthesis can, in selected patients, offer significant relief of pain and increase overall function while modestly improving strength and motion. The complications are consistent with those reported in the literature although loosening of this prosthesis has not been noted. | |
| 25289970 | Macrophage handling of soluble immune complexes. | 1980 Oct | Twoin-vivo observations underline the importance of studying macrophage interactions with soluble immune complexes. The first is the clearance of soluble complexes from the circulation after experimental administration of free or complexed antigen, during an acute infection, or even after a heavy meal. Clearance is mediated by the mononuclear phagocyte system, particularly by the Kupffer cells of the liver, and its rate is dependent on both the macrophage-binding activity of the complexed antibodies and complex size. The second is the association of circulating immune complexes with diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, where damage to specific organs and tissues is thought to be caused by complexes deposited at these sites. The basis of the persistence of soluble complexes in the blood, and the part played by the circulating, as opposed to the deposited, complexes in pathogenesis are aspects of these diseases in which the activity and responsiveness of mononuclear phagocytes may be extremely important. Studiesin vitro provide a valuable background for investigating the activitiesin vivo of soluble complexes by defining (i) the way in which macrophages recognize cytophilic antibodies and the basis of binding enhancement which follows antibody combination with antigen, (ii) the kinetics of complex uptake and destruction by phagocytes and the biochemical mechanisms involved; and (iii) the regulatory effect that soluble immune complexes may have on macrophage activities such as oxidative metabolism and lysosomal enzyme release. In this review, Graham Leslie outlines the progress that has been made in characterizing these events. | |
| 76471 | Neoantigen of the membrane attack complex of human complement: Occurrence on peripheral bl | 1978 Mar | Since complement activation and hematological abnormalities occur in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the present study is an investigation of whether the membrane attack complex of complement might be bound to peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in vivo. Assembly of the membrane attack complex results in the generation of neoantigen (neoAg) which is complex-specific and not expressed by any of the individual complement proteins. FITC antiserum specific to neoAg was employed to detect the membrane attack complex on PBL from 7 normal donors, 12 patients with SLE, and 2 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA): 3 +/- 1% of normal, 25 +/- 13% of SLE, and 23 +/- 11% of RA PBL were positive. The majority of the neoAg positive PBL in SLE were polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) as shown by adherence to plastic, phagocytosis of carbonyl iron, and differential cell counts. The PBL were greater than 98% viable as indicated by the trypan blue exclusion technique. These observations strongly suggest that the membrane attack complex may be bound to viable PBL in patients with SLE and RA, and further raise the possibility that the membrane attack complex, may have a function other than lysis. | |
| 2412231 | Carboxyl-terminal domain of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen is highly immunogenic i | 1985 Sep | The carboxyl-terminal one-third of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA-1) encoded by the BamHI restriction fragment K was synthesized in Escherichia coli by use of a high-expression plasmid. The resultant 28-kDa EBNA fusion polypeptide, comprising 5-10% of the total soluble bacterial protein, was purified to apparent homogeneity by phosphocellulose and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Both rabbit monospecific antibodies and mouse monoclonal antibodies against 28-kDa EBNA gave nuclear immunofluorescence staining on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines and recognized the appropriate intact EBNA polypeptide bands on immunoblots. An ELISA with the purified 28-kDa EBNA as antigen was used to quantitate anti-EBNA antibody in human serum samples. The ELISA method was approximately 100-fold more sensitive than the classical anticomplement immunofluorescence assay. Anti-EBNA antibody was detected in sera from 100% of normal individuals who were seropositive for the viral capsid antigen, and low anti-EBNA titers were detected in serum from most patients with acute infectious mononucleosis. The assay gave the expected pattern of titers in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Burkitt lymphoma, or nasopharyngeal carcinoma, thus confirming the validity of this purified reagent for assessing EBNA antibody status. Approximately 10% of normal individuals and rheumatoid arthritis patients had anti-EBNA titers as high as those seen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. In these high-titer individuals, greater than 1% of the total IgG are antibodies that recognize 28-kDa EBNA, which indicates that the carboxyl-terminal domain of EBNA is highly immunogenic. | |
| 3873943 | The specificity of antibodies to the F(ab')2 fragment of human IgG. | 1985 May | The specificity of IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibodies was examined by unfractionated sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and also with affinity-purified antibody preparations. Examination of the sera by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using pooled human F(ab')2 fragments absorbed to microtiter plates, revealed that IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibodies cross-react with human and rabbit IgG and rabbit F(ab')2. IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography and, when tested by a fluid-phase inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were found to be of 2 types. One fraction, similar to pepsin agglutinator, reacted with human F(ab')2 fragment alone. The other fraction was cross-reactive with human IgG and yet failed to react with idiotopes on Fab or epitopes on Fc fragments. The IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibodies we purified had no reactivity toward a human immune complex prepared from tetanus toxoid and antitoxoid. | |
| 6516448 | The clinical spectrum and treatment of Lyme disease. | 1984 Jul | Lyme disease was recognized as a separate entity because of close geographic clustering of affected children in Lyme, Connecticut, with what was thought to be juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It then became apparent that Lyme disease is a complex, multisystem disorder. The illness usually begins in summer with erythema chronicum migrans and associated symptoms (stage 1). Weeks to months later, some patients develop neurologic or cardiac abnormalities (stage 2), and weeks to years later, many patients develop intermittent attacks of arthritis (stage 3), which may become chronic, with erosion of cartilage and bone. Patients with severe and prolonged illness have an increased frequency of the B-cell alloantigen, DR2. For patients with early Lyme disease, tetracycline appears to be the most effective drug, then penicillin, and finally erythromycin. High-dose intravenous penicillin is effective for the later stages of the disease. | |
| 6374861 | [Determination of anti dsDNA antibodies by immunofluorescence using Crithidia luciliae. I- | 1984 Apr | Antibodies to double stranded (ds) DNA were sought by the indirect immunofluorescence method using Crithidia luciliae in 196 sera from patients suffering from hepatic, thyroid or inflammatory rheumatic disorders. Anti ds DNA antibodies were demonstrated in 29 out of 45 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera. Lower titers were found in 3 out of 7 sera from drug-induced SLE, 2 out of 6 from mixed connective tissue diseases, 1 out of 60 from scleroderma, 2 from unclassified arthritis, 8 out of 40 from rheumatoid arthritis with antinuclear factors, and in 4 out of 15 sera from chronic hepatitis. For SLE diagnosis the sensitivity of the method was 73 percent, its specificity was 87 percent. 84 percent of these results were in agreement with those obtained with the Farr method, but titers did not correlate well. The sensitivity of the Farr method was 64.5 percent, its specificity was 85 percent. In this study, high titers of anti ds DNA antibodies demonstrated on Crithidia Luciliae did not correlate with disease severity. Low titers of anti14C labelled DNA antibodies demonstrated by the Farr assay correlated with inactive SLE without nephritis. The immunofluorescence assay using Crithidia luciliae is a valid method to detect anti ds DNA antibodies but does not allow prognostic conclusions in SLE. |